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Abstract Background Single parenthood is becoming increasingly common in today's society for various reasons such as divorce, the death of a spouse, or the choice of parenthood. Regrettably, there seems to be no significant concern among world leaders regarding depression arising from single parenting. Aim This article aimed to explore the prevalence of depression in single parents, the factors contributing to it, and its effects on their physical and emotional well‐being. Additionally, it aims to investigate the long‐lasting effects of depression in single parents, effective therapeutic approaches to tackle these issues and offer proactive suggestions for relevant global stakeholders. Methodology A selection of studies was identified through electronic databases such as PubMed, Embase, and PsycINFO databases. The search strategy encompassed terms related to single parenthood, depression, mental health, prevalence, risk factors, and treatment modalities. Included studies comprised of peer‐reviewed research articles, systematic reviews, meta‐analyses, and observational studies published in English. Result Today, there is a growing prevalence of single parenthood due to a range of factors, including divorce, the loss of a partner, and intentional decisions regarding single parenthood. However, this transition comes with challenges, including the risk of developing depression. Depression is a serious mental health condition affecting many individuals worldwide. Raising a child alone increases the likelihood of developing depression for the parent due to the increased burden and responsibilities. Such parents tend to have low self‐esteem, suicide/suicide attempts, and so forth and children born by those parents are vulnerable to depression, physical abuse, infections, etc. Conclusion Future research should focus on identifying effective interventions for treating depression among single parents and improving the availability of mental health facilities for this vulnerable population, especially in places with a high prevalence of depression. Mental health physicians in collaboration with obstetricians and gynecologists across the globe should offer counseling and mediation services during pre‐conception care visits for both single and partnered parents.

Myelofibrosis (MF) is a rare BCR-ABL negative myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by clonal proliferation of stem cells, with mutations in JAK2, CALR, or MPL genes. MF presents in primary and secondary forms, with common symptoms including splenomegaly, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. Diagnostic criteria involve bone marrow examination and mutation studies. Current treatments are limited, with allogeneic stem cell transplant as the only curative option. Recent FDA approval of Momelotinib (MMB) offers new promise for MF patients with anemia. MMB, a JAK1/2 and ACVR1 inhibitor, effectively reduces spleen size, improves hemoglobin levels, and decreases transfusion dependency. The MOMENTUM trial compared MMB to danazol in JAK inhibitor-treated MF patients with anemia, showing MMB’s superior symptom relief and transfusion independence rates. Additionally, the SIMPLIFY-1 and SIMPLIFY-2 trials evaluated MMB in JAK inhibitor-naïve and experienced patients, respectively, confirming MMB’s non-inferiority to ruxolitinib in spleen volume reduction and highlighting its benefits in transfusion requirements. MMB’s unique dual inhibition mechanism addresses anemia by suppressing hepcidin production, thus enhancing erythropoiesis. These trials collectively suggest MMB as an effective treatment for MF, improving quality of life and offering a survival advantage for patients with anemia. Despite challenges, such as trial design limitations and adverse events, MMB represents a significant advancement in MF management, providing a new therapeutic option for a previously underserved patient population.

Abstract Background and aims The World Health Organization has recently declared the frequent outbreaks of diphtheria in Nigeria as a public health concern. Although vaccination efforts have been successful in Nigeria, unfortunately, the recent 2023 outbreak in Nigeria has been nothing short of distressing. Of course, cases of diphtheria incidence are under‐reported in Nigeria. This present article aims to proffer a possible multifaceted approach to tackle outbreaks of diphtheria in Nigeria and improve immunization rates against the disease among the Nigerian population Methods In writing this study, literature search was done about diphtheria in Nigeria using the following keywords: “diphtheria, prevalence, vaccination, efforts, challenges, and Nigeria” on PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate within 10 years. Result This study found that an estimated seven million people remain unvaccinated and are at risk for infection in the country, especially people living in the Northern part of the country. Between the June 30 and August 31, 2023, Nigeria recorded an unusual increase in the number of confirmed cases of diphtheria, where a total of 5898 suspected cases were reported from 59 local government areas in 11 states across Nigeria. The majority (99.4%) of suspected cases of the disease were reported from six states: Kano (1816), Katsina (234), Yobe (158), Bauchi (79), Kaduna (45), and Borno (33). Conclusion If Nigeria is to emerge beyond these frequent epidemics of diphtheria, the Nigerian government must work on tackling this issue on multiple fronts simultaneously, that is, at the national and international levels, as we believe that these levels would give a holistic way to unmask diphtheria in Nigeria.

Abstract Anthrax outbreaks in Ghana have become a pressing public health concern, posing threats to human health, the agricultural sector, and social well‐being. This letter to the editor highlights the gravity of the anthrax situation in Ghana and advocates for comprehensive interventions using a One Health approach. The epidemiology of anthrax, including its historical roots and modes of transmission, is discussed. The consequences of anthrax outbreaks, such as severe illness, economic losses, and social distress, are outlined. To combat this complex issue, the letter emphasizes the importance of enhanced awareness, prevention, accurate diagnosis, and timely treatment. Recommendations include vaccination of animals and humans, education campaigns, proper disposal of infected carcasses, strengthening healthcare systems, surveillance, and early detection. Collaboration and coordination among professionals in the human, animal, and environmental sectors are crucial. By adopting a One Health approach and implementing these measures, Ghana can effectively mitigate the impact of anthrax outbreaks and safeguard the health and well‐being of its population and livestock.

Abstract Introduction Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), an RNA virus of the family Paramyxoviridae, is the most common cause of respiratory tract diseases, including upper and lower respiratory tract infections in adults. Researchers worldwide have been working for decades to develop an RSV vaccine that is both safe and cost‐effective. Aim This correspondence aims to highlight the recent breakthroughs in the immunization against RSV for older adults (60 years and above), encompassing the newly sanctioned prophylactic agent by the FDA, drawing attention to its side effects that need to be taken care of and providing clear recommendations to maximize the potential influence of these advancements on RSV‐related diseases globally. Methodology We did a literature search on RSV among older adults and its treatment on PubMed, Google Scholar, ResearchGate and FDA databases within 10 years. Keywords used for our search were; “Respiratory Syncytial Virus,” “Older adults,” “FDA,” “Arexvy,” and “Immunization.” Result We found approximately 6000–10,000 lives and 60,000–160,000 hospital admissions among adults aged 65 years and older each year in the world, especially in the United States of America. Currently, there is no vaccine or targeted treatment for RSV for the most affected individuals, that is, the older adults, who are given supportive care. Recently, the USA‐ Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Arexvy (a recombinant subunit RSV vaccine) based on its encouraging results demonstrating acceptable safety and efficacy in a large‐scale multi‐centered Phase 3 trial. Conclusion Authorization of Arexvy, although a breakthrough in the field of research, needs to be approached with a blend of optimism tempered by caution. Robust studies, including large‐scale randomized controlled trials, prospective cohort studies and systematic reviews and meta‐analyses, need to be conducted to ascertain its safety and efficacy.

Abstract Periodontal diseases are prevalent and have significant implications for oral health and overall well‐being. Current diagnostic methods have limitations in accuracy and standardization. The recent Food and Drug Administration approval of Videa Perio Assist (VPA), an AI model for diagnosing periodontal diseases, presents a breakthrough in dental diagnostics. VPA is a cloud‐based, AI‐powered software that automatically measures and visualizes bone levels associated with each tooth from radiographic images. Clinical testing has demonstrated VPA's efficacy in accurately diagnosing periodontal diseases with high sensitivity and specificity. The integration of AI in dentistry has the potential to revolutionize periodontal disease diagnosis, improve patient care, and enhance decision‐making. However, further research, education, cost‐effectiveness, and collaboration are essential for maximizing the benefits of AI in dental settings. The approval and implementation of VPA mark a significant advancement in dental diagnostics, paving the way for more effective solutions and a healthier global population.

Abstract Rift Valley fever is an important yet ignored viral hemorrhagic fever claiming many lives of African and Arabian countries over the past decade. Unfortunately, a recent outbreak of Rift Valley fever is currently ravaging in Mauritania. Death toll is rising continuously with 23 deaths reported in the month of October, 2022. Our article aims to shed light on the ongoing Rift Valley fever outbreak and recommendations to eradicate this potential threat to public health. Online databases including PubMed, the Lancet, and Science Direct as well as conferences, news, and press releases were used to for data collection. All the available medical literature related to Rift Valley fever in Mauritania were taken into consideration while writing the manuscript. As of October 17, 2022, 47 cases have been documented out of which 23 are dead. Case fatality rate has been reached to 49% which has given a wakeup call to the authorities. Efforts are being made by the concerned authorities and World Health Organization to halt the progression of this outbreak. Further investigations are required to completely eradicate the recurrent outbreaks in Mauritania especially in the area of vaccine development. Active involvement of public with the government authorities is of extreme significance in combating this disease.

The concerned stakeholders have been pursuing renewable energy seriously due to its overwhelming benefits. Countries that receive less solar radiation are not lagging behind as they are working to optimize the available radiation let alone of countries that receive sufficient solar radiation over long durations such as Fiji. In view of the abundancy of this energy in Fiji, the country has been working intensely on tapping the full potential of this energy, thus proposed that by 2030; more than 50% of its energy will come from renewable energy. The accurate estimation of global solar radiation determines the reliability of performance evaluation of solar energy systems. Therefore, the key interest of this study is in respect of accurate mapping of solar radiation to aid reliable solar energy design especially in siting and sizing of photovoltaic power systems. In the light of this, this work modelled solar radiation on the earth of Fiji from common meteorological and geographical data in all locations in Fiji using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). There are different configurations of ANN but in this study, Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) and Scaled Conjugate Gradient (SCG) were selected as the learning algorithms due to the data size, speed of computation and the success of these algorithms in solar radiation modelling. Similarly, a tangent sigmoid transfer function was used in the network. In total, twelve different configurations of ANN were considered and the best configuration was selected to predict the solar radiation potential in Fiji. Since ANN requires input data to train the network, meteorological data covering 36 years (1984–2019) and geographical data from NASA database were supplied to the network. All the locations considered were distributed evenly throughout Fiji and thus covered all the four regions and 14 provinces in Fiji. The geographical and meteorological data used to train the network are month, latitude, longitude, altitude, mean temperature, relative humidity, precipitation and solar radiation. The mean squared error of 0.118838 and correlation coefficient of 0.9402 were obtained between the ANN predicted and measured solar radiation for the entire dataset. These correlation coefficients and mean squared error showed that ANN model of solar radiation in Fiji is satisfactory and thus can be used as an alternative where solar radiation data are not available. Similarly, the network produced satisfactory solar radiation result for the locations where there are no solar radiation data. To ease solar radiation assessment of all places in Fiji, the iso-lines of the solar radiation were presented in the form of monthly maps. It is believed that this prediction will aid energy stakeholders in making best decision concerning solar energy potential in Fiji thus boosting optimal utilization of the scarce resource.

Abstract Background Access to safe, effective, affordable, and quality medicines is an essential component of the right to health and is also one of the targets in the global development agenda. In this review article, we extensively discuss the challenges and issues surrounding access to medicines in the African region as well as provides recommendations for ensuring medicines security on the continent. Methods We conducted narrative review with the use of data reported in published literature, reports, and grey literature available in African countries on topics pertaining access to medicines. The authors also snowballed further data to gather information for this review and narrative synthesis was conducted. Results Africa faces a double burden of infectious and non‐communicable diseases and the need for effective universal access to medicines cannot be deemphasized. However, access to medicines on the continent is not without issues and challenges. Some of which are the high burden of infectious diseases and non‐infectious diseases, limited pharmaceutical industries and high costs of raw materials, overdependence on countries abroad for medicines, poor supply chain systems, lack of government investment in the pharmaceutical sector, unfavourable manufacturing conditions, limited health workforce, lack of sustainable health financing mechanisms, lack of infrastructures and technical know‐how, low investment on research and development, and circulation of fake and counterfeit medicines among others. Conclusion This review reifies that access to medicines in Africa faces numerous challenges and it emphasizes the urgent need to address these issues as the continent geared towards strengthening its health systems for universal health coverage.

Laser scanning technology is one of the most integral parts of today's scientific research, manufacturing, defense, and biomedicine. In many applications, high-speed scanning capability is essential for scanning a large area in a short time and multi-dimensional sensing of moving objects and dynamical processes with fine temporal resolution. Unfortunately, conventional laser scanners are often too slow, resulting in limited precision and utility. Here we present a new type of laser scanner that offers ∼1,000 times higher scan rates than conventional state-of-the-art scanners. This method employs spatial dispersion of temporally stretched broadband optical pulses onto the target, enabling inertia-free laser scans at unprecedented scan rates of nearly 100 MHz at 800 nm. To show our scanner's broad utility, we use it to demonstrate unique and previously difficult-to-achieve capabilities in imaging, surface vibrometry, and flow cytometry at a record 2D raster scan rate of more than 100 kHz with 27,000 resolvable points.

In this paper, an integrated quantum inspired GA (QGA) based generalized neural network (QGA–GNN) has been developed. The QGA–GNN is used for estimation of stator resistance of a 5 hp three phase induction motor (3Φ I.M.) under different healthy and unhealthy working conditions. The experimentation is performed in the laboratory for estimating stator winding resistance under healthy and faulty (i.e., 10, 20, 30, or 40% short circuited) conditions. The motor current and motor speed are considered as input and stator resistance as output of the proposed technique. The results obtained from QGA–GNN are compared with the ANN and GNN. QGA–GNN is giving good results under different working conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Electrical Engineering & Electromechanics is the property of National Technical University, Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Reliability analysis for hydro power stations for (N + M) and 2N fault tolerant modes (FTM) and their comparison from the standpoint of control and maintenance have been carried out in this paper. It shows that the (N + M) FTM is superior to 2N FTM in reliability and economics in most cases. So, (N + M) FTM is recommended for large power stations, especially for multi-unit plants. A simple method to choose the number of standby controllers is developed by optimizing the (N + M) FTM. The ideas and results proposed in this paper can be used not only for governing systems in hydro power stations but also for other industrial systems. Index Terms--Control, economics, fault tolerant mode, hydro power station, maintenance, reliability.

A technique to discriminate between the line charging inrush current and the current resulting on closing or auto-reclosing a faulted EHV/UHV transmission line is proposed in this paper. The technique is based on the voltage and current signals before and after switching process. This technique is proposed to be a supplement to the main protection scheme. Index Terms--Digital relays, practical considerations, transmission line.

This paper describes the laboratory implementation and real-time test results of a new neural network (NN) based digital differential relay used for detecting faults and classifying internal faults in the stator winding of synchronous generators. Details of the software written to enable the operation of the relay are described. Behavior of the NN based relay is observed and the experimental results are presented. Index Terms--Digital differential protection, generators, microprocessor based instrument, neural networks.

A scheme for power factor correction of an induction machine by using an auxiliary stator winding in conjunction with a PWM voltage inverter and a capacitor on the dc side of the inverter is described in this paper. The operating principle of the proposed scheme is explained and a criterion is developed to select the optimum value of the power factor at which the scheme gives best performance. Simulation and experimental studies show that the harmonic components in the PWM output voltage can be reduced to get nearly sinusoidal current. Keywords: Power factor correction; induction machines; PWM inverter.