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11. Cardiovascular, respiratory, and related disorders: key messages from Disease Control Priorities, 3rd edition

Author

Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Anand, Shuchi, Watkins, David, Gaziano, Thomas, Wu, Yangfeng, Mbanya, Jean Claude, Nugent, Rachel, Ajay, Vamadevan S, Afshin, Ashkan, Adler, Alma, Ali, Mohammed K, Bateman, Eric, Bettger, Janet, Bonow, Robert O, Brouwer, Elizabeth, Bukhman, Gene, Bull, Fiona, Burney, Peter, Capewell, Simon, Chan, Juliana, Chandrasekar, Eeshwar K, Chen, Jie, Criqui, Michael H, Dirks, John, Dugani, Sagar B, Engelgau, Michael, Nahas, Meguid El, Fall, Caroline HD, Feigin, Valery, Fowkes, F Gerald R, Glassman, Amanda, Goenka, Shifalika, Gupta, Rajeev, Hasan, Babar, Hersch, Fred, Hu, Frank, Huffman, Mark D, Jabbour, Samer, Jarvis, Deborah, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Joshi, Rohina, Kamano, Jemima H, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Kudesia, Preeti, Kumar, R Krishna, Kumaran, Kalyanaraman, Lambert, Estelle V, Lee, Edward S, Li, Chaoyun, Luo, Rong, Magee, Matthew, Malik, Vasanti S, Marin-Neto, J Antonio, Marks, Guy, Mayosi, Bongani, McGuire, Helen, Micha, Renata, Miranda, J Jaime, Montoya, Pablo Aschner, Moran, Andrew E, Mozaffarian, Dariush, Naicker, Saraladevi, Naidoo, Nadraj G, Narayan, KM Venkat, Nikolic, Irina, O'Donnell, Martin, Onen, Churchill, Osmond, Clive, Patel, Anushka, Perez-Padilla, Rogelio, Poulter, Neil, Pratt, Michael, Rabkin, Miriam, Rajan, Vikram, Rassi, Anis, Rawal, Ishita, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Riella, Miguel, Roth, Greg A, Roy, Ambuj, Rubinstein, Adolfo, Sakuma, Yuna, Sampson, Uchechukwu KA, Siegel, Karen R, Sliwa, Karen, Suhrcke, Marc, Tandon, Nikhil, Thomas, Bernadette, Vaca, Claudia, Vedanthan, Rajesh, Verguet, Stéphane, Webb, Michael, Weber, Mary Beth, Whitsel, Laurie, Wong, Gary, Yan, Lijing L, Yancy, Clyde W, Zhang, Ping, and Zhao, Dong

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Public Health, Health Sciences, Cardiovascular, Health Services, Clinical Research, Prevention, Good Health and Well Being, Cardiovascular Diseases, Developing Countries, Health Priorities, Humans, Respiratory Tract Diseases, Disease Control Priorities-3 Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and Related Disorders Author Group, Medical and Health Sciences, General & Internal Medicine, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Abstract

Cardiovascular, respiratory, and related disorders (CVRDs) are the leading causes of adult death worldwide, and substantial inequalities in care of patients with CVRDs exist between countries of high income and countries of low and middle income. Based on current trends, the UN Sustainable Development Goal to reduce premature mortality due to CVRDs by a third by 2030 will be challenging for many countries of low and middle income. We did systematic literature reviews of effectiveness and cost-effectiveness to identify priority interventions. We summarise the key findings and present a costed essential package of interventions to reduce risk of and manage CVRDs. On a population level, we recommend tobacco taxation, bans on trans fats, and compulsory reduction of salt in manufactured food products. We suggest primary health services be strengthened through the establishment of locally endorsed guidelines and ensured availability of essential medications. The policy interventions and health service delivery package we suggest could serve as the cornerstone for the management of CVRDs, and afford substantial financial risk protection for vulnerable households. We estimate that full implementation of the essential package would cost an additional US$21 per person in the average low-income country and $24 in the average lower-middle-income country. The essential package we describe could be a starting place for low-income and middle-income countries developing universal health coverage packages. Interventions could be rolled out as disease burden demands and budgets allow. Our outlined interventions provide a pathway for countries attempting to convert the UN Sustainable Development Goal commitments into tangible action.

Published
2018

19. Consumption of 100% Fruit Juice and Body Weight in Children and Adults

Author

Nguyen, Michelle, primary, Jarvis, Sarah E., additional, Chiavaroli, Laura, additional, Mejia, Sonia Blanco, additional, Zurbau, Andreea, additional, Khan, Tauseef A., additional, Tobias, Deirdre K., additional, Willett, Walter C., additional, Hu, Frank B., additional, Hanley, Anthony J., additional, Birken, Catherine S., additional, Sievenpiper, John L., additional, and Malik, Vasanti S., additional

Published
2024
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25. Effects of a dietary intervention on cardiometabolic risk and food consumption in a workplace.

Author

Shrestha, Archana, Tamrakar, Dipesh, Ghinanju, Bhawana, Shrestha, Deepa, Khadka, Parashar, Adhikari, Bikram, Shrestha, Jayana, Waiwa, Suruchi, Pyakurel, Prajjwal, Bhandari, Niroj, Karmacharya, Biraj Man, Shrestha, Akina, Shrestha, Rajeev, Bhatta, Rajendra Dev, Malik, Vasanti, Mattei, Josiemer, and Spiegelman, Donna

Subjects
FOOD consumption, WHOLE grain foods, DIASTOLIC blood pressure, SYSTOLIC blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, GLYCOSYLATED hemoglobin, BLOOD pressure
Abstract

Background: Worksite-based health programs have shown positive impacts on employee health and have led to significant improvements in cardiovascular risk factor profiles. We aimed to determine the effect of cafeteria intervention on cardio-metabolic risk factors diet in a worksite setting (Dhulikhel Hospital) in Nepal. Methods: In this one-arm pre-post intervention study, we recruited 277 non-pregnant hospital employees aged 18–60 with prediabetes or pre-hypertension. The study was registered in clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03447340; 2018/02/27). All four cafeterias in the hospital premises received cafeteria intervention encouraging healthy foods and discouraging unhealthy foods for six months. We measured blood pressure, fasting glucose level, glycated hemoglobin, cholesterol in the laboratory, and diet intake (in servings per week) using 24-hour recall before and six months after the intervention. The before and after measures were compared using paired-t tests. Results: After six months of cafeteria intervention, the median consumption of whole grains, mono/polyunsaturated fat, fruits, vegetable and nuts servings per week increased by 2.24(p<0.001), 2.88(p<0.001), 0.84(p<0.001) 2.25(p<0.001) and nuts 0.55 (p<0.001) servings per week respectively. The median consumption of refined grains decreased by 5.07 servings per week (p<0.001). Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased by 2 mmHg (SE = 0.6; p = 0.003) and 0.1 mmHg (SE = 0.6; p = 0.008), respectively. The low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was significantly reduced by 6 mg/dL (SE = 1.4; p<0.001). Conclusion: Overall, we found a decrease in consumption of refined grains and an increase in consumption of whole grains, unsaturated fats, fruits, and nuts observed a modest reduction in blood pressure and LDL cholesterol following a 6-month cafeteria-based worksite intervention incorporating access to healthy foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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26. Underweight in the first 2 years of life and nutrition risk in later childhood: a prospective cohort study.

Author

South, Courtney A., Keown‐Stoneman, Charles D. G., Birken, Catherine S., Malik, Vasanti, Zlotkin, Stanley H., and Maguire, Jonathon L.

Subjects
RISK assessment, LEANNESS, MALNUTRITION, FOOD consumption, RESEARCH funding, BODY mass index, BODY weight, LONGITUDINAL method, STATURE, ODDS ratio, FOOD habits, CONFIDENCE intervals, DISEASE risk factors, CHILDREN
Abstract

Background: Children with underweight in the first 2 years have lower body mass index z‐score (zBMI) and height‐for‐age z‐score (HAZ) in later childhood. It is not known if underweight in the first 2 years is associated with nutrition risk in later childhood. Objective: (1) Determine the relationship between underweight (zBMI < −2) in the first 2 years and nutrition risk measured by the Nutrition Screening for Toddlers and Preschoolers (NutriSTEP) score from 18 months to 5 years. (2) Explore the relationship between underweight in the first 2 years and the NutriSTEP subscores for eating behaviours and dietary intake from 18 months to 5 years. Methods: This was a prospective study, including healthy full‐term children in Canada aged 0–5 years. zBMI was calculated using measured heights and weights and the WHO growth standards. NutriSTEP score was measured using a parent‐completed survey and ranged from 0 to 68. Nutrition risk was defined as a score ≥21. Linear mixed effects models were used. Results: Four thousand nine hundred twenty‐nine children were included in this study. At enrolment, 51.9% of participants were male. The prevalence of underweight children was 8.8%. Underweight in the first 2 years was associated with higher NutriSTEP (0.79, 95% CI: 0.29,1.29), higher eating behaviour subscore (0.24, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.46) at 3 years and higher odds of nutrition risk (OR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.07,1.82) at 5 years. Conclusions: Children with underweight in the first 2 years had higher nutrition risk in later childhood. Further research is needed to understand the factors which influence these relationships. Key points: In this prospective cohort study of 4929 children aged 0–5 years, children with underweight in the first 2 years of life had higher odds of nutrition risk at 5 years of age compared to children without underweight in the first 2 years (p = 0.02). Further research is needed to understand the factors which influence these relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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27. Cardiovascular, respiratory, and related disorders: key messages from Disease Control Priorities, 3rd edition

Author

Ajay, Vamadevan S, Afshin, Ashkan, Adler, Alma, Ali, Mohammed K, Bateman, Eric, Bettger, Janet, Bonow, Robert O, Brouwer, Elizabeth, Bukhman, Gene, Bull, Fiona, Burney, Peter, Capewell, Simon, Chan, Juliana, Chandrasekar, Eeshwar K, Chen, Jie, Criqui, Michael H, Dirks, John, Dugani, Sagar B, Engelgau, Michael, El Nahas, Meguid, Fall, Caroline HD, Feigin, Valery, Fowkes, F Gerald R, Glassman, Amanda, Goenka, Shifalika, Gupta, Rajeev, Hasan, Babar, Hersch, Fred, Hu, Frank, Huffman, Mark D, Jabbour, Samer, Jarvis, Deborah, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Joshi, Rohina, Kamano, Jemima H, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Kudesia, Preeti, Kumar, R Krishna, Kumaran, Kalyanaraman, Lambert, Estelle V, Lee, Edward S, Li, Chaoyun, Luo, Rong, Magee, Matthew, Malik, Vasanti S, Marin-Neto, J Antonio, Marks, Guy, Mayosi, Bongani, McGuire, Helen, Micha, Renata, Miranda, J Jaime, Montoya, Pablo Aschner, Moran, Andrew E, Mozaffarian, Dariush, Naicker, Saraladevi, Naidoo, Nadraj G, Narayan, KM Venkat, Nikolic, Irina, O'Donnell, Martin, Onen, Churchill, Osmond, Clive, Patel, Anushka, Perez-Padilla, Rogelio, Poulter, Neil, Pratt, Michael, Rabkin, Miriam, Rajan, Vikram, Rassi, Anis, Rassi, Anis, Jr, Rawal, Ishita, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Riella, Miguel, Roth, Greg A, Roy, Ambuj, Rubinstein, Adolfo, Sakuma, Yuna, Sampson, Uchechukwu KA, Siegel, Karen R, Sliwa, Karen, Suhrcke, Marc, Tandon, Nikhil, Thomas, Bernadette, Vaca, Claudia, Vedanthan, Rajesh, Verguet, Stéphane, Webb, Michael, Weber, Mary Beth, Whitsel, Laurie, Wong, Gary, Yan, Lijing L, Yancy, Clyde W, Zhang, Ping, Zhao, Dong, Zhu, Yishan, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Anand, Shuchi, Watkins, David, Gaziano, Thomas, Wu, Yangfeng, Mbanya, Jean Claude, and Nugent, Rachel

Published
2018
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33. P22-010-23 Coronary Heart Effectiveness Assessment of the Portfolio Diet in Primary Care (CHEAP) Trial: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

Author

Chiavaroli, Laura, primary, Kavanagh, Meaghan, additional, Glenn, Andrea, additional, Chen, Victoria, additional, Back, Songhee, additional, Khan, Tauseef, additional, Chow, Chi-Ming, additional, Vallis, Michael, additional, Grant, Shannan, additional, Joy, Phillip, additional, Sherifali, Diana, additional, Agarwal, Payal, additional, Snelgrove-Clarke, Erna, additional, Juni, Peter, additional, DaCosta, Bruno, additional, Greiver, Michelle, additional, Pinto, Andrew, additional, Booth, Gillian, additional, Udell, Jacob, additional, Farkouh, Michael, additional, Chan, Brian, additional, Isaranuwatchai, Wanrudee, additional, Beyene, Joseph, additional, De Souza, Russel, additional, Malik, Vasanti, additional, El-Sohemy, Ahmed, additional, L'Abbe, Mary, additional, Lee, Jennifer, additional, Boucher, Beatrice, additional, Comelli, Elena, additional, Salas-Salvadó, Jordi, additional, Watson, William, additional, Josse, Robert, additional, Lofters, Aisha, additional, Rackal, Julia, additional, Holmes, Candice, additional, Srichaikul, Korbua, additional, Noble, Matt, additional, Symington, Amy, additional, St-Onge, Marie-Pierre, additional, Leiter, Lawrence, additional, Kendall, Cyril, additional, Jenkins, David, additional, and Sievenpiper, John, additional

Published
2023
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39. Portfolio Diet Score and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease:Findings From 3 Prospective Cohort Studies

Author

Glenn, Andrea J., Guasch-Ferré, Marta, Malik, Vasanti S., Kendall, Cyril W.C., Manson, Jo Ann E., Rimm, Eric B., Willett, Walter C., Sun, Qi, Jenkins, David J.A., Hu, Frank B., Sievenpiper, John L., Glenn, Andrea J., Guasch-Ferré, Marta, Malik, Vasanti S., Kendall, Cyril W.C., Manson, Jo Ann E., Rimm, Eric B., Willett, Walter C., Sun, Qi, Jenkins, David J.A., Hu, Frank B., and Sievenpiper, John L.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The plant-based Portfolio dietary pattern includes recognized cholesterol-lowering foods (ie, plant protein, nuts, viscous fiber, phytosterols, and plant monounsaturated fats) shown to improve several cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in randomized controlled trials. However, there is limited evidence on the role of long-term adherence to the diet and CVD risk. The primary objective was to examine the relationship between the Portfolio Diet Score (PDS) and the risk of total CVD, coronary heart disease (CHD), and stroke. METHODS: We prospectively followed 73 924 women in the Nurses' Health Study (1984-2016), 92 346 women in the Nurses' Health Study II (1991-2017), and 43 970 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986-2016) without CVD or cancer at baseline. Diet was assessed using validated food frequency questionnaires at baseline and every 4 years using a PDS that positively ranks plant protein (legumes), nuts and seeds, viscous fiber sources, phytosterols (mg/day), and plant monounsaturated fat sources, and negatively ranks foods high in saturated fat and cholesterol. RESULTS: During up to 30 years of follow-up, 16 917 incident CVD cases, including 10 666 CHD cases and 6473 strokes, were documented. After multivariable adjustment for lifestyle factors and a modified Alternate Healthy Eating Index (excluding overlapping components), comparing the highest with the lowest quintile, participants with a higher PDS had a lower risk of total CVD (pooled hazard ratio [HR], 0.86 [95% CI, 0.81-0.92]; Ptrend<0.001), CHD (pooled HR, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.80-0.93]; Ptrend=0.0001), and stroke (pooled HR, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.78-0.95]; Ptrend=0.0003). In addition, a 25-percentile higher PDS was associated with a lower risk of total CVD (pooled HR, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.89-0.95]), CHD (pooled HR, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.88-0.95]), and stroke (pooled HR, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.87-0.96]). Results remained consistent across sensitivity and most

Published
2023

47. Rationale, Design and Participants Baseline Characteristics of a Crossover Randomized Controlled Trial of the Effect of Replacing SSBs with NSBs versus Water on Glucose Tolerance, Gut Microbiome and Cardiometabolic Risk in Overweight or Obese Adult SSB Consumer: Strategies to Oppose SUGARS with Non-Nutritive Sweeteners or Water (STOP Sugars NOW) Trial and Ectopic Fat Sub-Study

Author

Ayoub-Charette, Sabrina, primary, McGlynn, Néma D., additional, Lee, Danielle, additional, Khan, Tauseef Ahmad, additional, Blanco Mejia, Sonia, additional, Chiavaroli, Laura, additional, Kavanagh, Meaghan E., additional, Seider, Maxine, additional, Taibi, Amel, additional, Chen, Chuck T., additional, Ahmed, Amna, additional, Asbury, Rachel, additional, Erlich, Madeline, additional, Chen, Yue-Tong, additional, Malik, Vasanti S., additional, Bazinet, Richard P., additional, Ramdath, D. Dan, additional, Logue, Caomhan, additional, Hanley, Anthony J., additional, Kendall, Cyril W. C., additional, Leiter, Lawrence A., additional, Comelli, Elena M., additional, and Sievenpiper, John L., additional

Published
2023
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48. Abstract MP62: Fatty Acid Biomarkers of 15:0, 17:0 and Trans 16:1n-7 and Incident Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke: A Pooling Project of 15 Prospective Cohorts in the Fatty Acids and Outcomes Research Consortium

Author

Ardisson Korat, Andres V, primary, Qian, Frank, additional, Malik, Vasanti, additional, Lehr, Marcus, additional, Imamura, Fumiaki, additional, Tintle, Nathan, additional, Laakso, Markku, additional, van Dam, Rob, additional, Harris, William, additional, Marklund, Matti, additional, Samieri, Cecilia, additional, Senn, MacKenzie, additional, Leander, Karin, additional, Forouhi, Nita, additional, Riserus, Ulf, additional, Chien, Kou-Liong, additional, Chen, Amelia, additional, Wood, Alexis, additional, Guan, Weihua, additional, Tsai, Michael Y, additional, Murphy, Rachel, additional, Siscovick, David S, additional, Lemaitre, Rozenn, additional, Mozaffarian, Dariush, additional, and Sun, Qi, additional

Published
2023
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