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Repeats in nucleotide sequences are connected with various genome characteristics. RNA secondary structures are related to repeats at the primary structure level. Four different types of nucleotide repeats may be identified: direct non-complementary, direct complementary, inverse non-complementary and inverse complementary. Reverse complementary tandem repeats, for example, may form hairpin secondary structures, while reverse non-complementary may be recognized by proteins. On the other side, direct complementary and/or non-complementary repeats may be reflected in protein sequence repeats, if found in the same reading frame, within the protein-coding sequence. Here we analyzed (determined and compared) all four types of nucleotide repeats in referent sequences of SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-COV viruses. In addition to the complete repeat set, we analyze different repeat subsets: repeats with the left component within the 5’ end, repeats with the right component within the 3’ end, and repeats with at least one component within the surface glycoprotein coding sequence. We found significant differences in repeat sets corresponding to analyzed sequences in all analyzed repeat sets. In this moment we can only speculate what are the real consequences of the discovered differences

The existence of a large number of sequenced SARS-COV-2 isolates provides an opportunity to observe genomic variability in a massive sample. The goal of our research was to use data mining techniques to study possible correlation between codon usage and classification by WHO-labels in a certain period of time. The material includes 745,533 isolates with 12,236,672 coding sequences (proteins) from NCBI (10.08.2022.). RSCU was used as a measure of codon usage. Samples are associated with WHO-labels (based on Pango_Id) and time intervals. Inconsistency of WHO-labels with periods in which the respective strains were actually present was observed. The isolates with the observed discrepancy were excluded from the sample. Isolates without assigned WHO-labels were also excluded. In addition, individual coding sequences containing ambiguous nucleotide codes were eliminated. Clustering was performed for each of the 12 common types of coding sequences (proteins), with multiple methods and a different number of clusters. Neural clustering gave the best results. For different protein types, different degrees of RSCU variability are observed. In the case of proteins with a small variation in nucleotide contents, over 95% of the material belongs to a single cluster, while the other clusters are of negligible size. In the case of proteins with more variations, a higher number of pure clusters (by WHO-labels) is obtained, with a small number of heterogeneous clusters (about 10% of the material). In those heterogeneous clusters, there are isolates with different WHOlabels that were present in parallel at some point, as a kind of transitional forms between two strains. Different classification models were created on the same sample. Models based on protein types with higher diversity between coding sequences are highly accurate (96- 100%). Using the classification models, the corresponding WHO-labels were associated with isolates without previously assigned WHO-labels.

Treatment of cancer patients remains a serious medical problem and the development of alternative treatment strategies is therefore of great importance. In this connection, we developed a new bacterial-based, anticancer method. Ten cancer patients (three males, seven females) were involved in this study. Bacterial suspension of stationary phase Bacillus oligonitrophilus KU-1 was used as a remedy for peroral administration. In five patients, side effects (sicchasia, slight blood, and intracranial pressure gain) were detected, but all patients showed significant delay of lethal outcome without serious side effects. In conclusion, the suggested method was, in our opinion, a good alternative to conventional chemo- and radiotherapy techniques. In order to evaluate its efficiency for various tumors, a double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study is needed.

Chemotherapy and radiotherapy remain mostly palliative methods for metastatic cancer treatment. Limitations in efficacy and safety of established treatments continue to underline the need for improved treatments for malignancy. Results with some probiotics with antitumor activity have been promising. Here, we report that oral reception of Bacillus oligonitrophilus KU-1 resulted in the prolongation of lives in cancer patients with terminal prognosis and stabilization of cancer growth. The theoretical basis for the phenomena observed is discussed.

A Bacillus subtilis strain containing a mutation decreasing exonuclease I activity by up to 25% as compared to normal cells of the original BD46 strain was developed. A decrease in B. subtilis exonuclease I activity increased the sensitivity of mutant cells to UV irradiation and mitomycin C, decreased the frequency of recombination during chromosomal transduction and transformation, decreased the frequency of transposon Tn917 translocation from plasmid to the bacterial chromosome, and did not affect the frequency of plasmid transformation. The corresponding mutation was mapped.

A Bacillus subtilis strain containing a mutation decreasing exonuclease I activity by up to 25% as compared to normal cells of the original BD46 strain was developed. A decrease in B. subtilis exonuclease I activity increased the sensitivity of mutant cells to UV irradiation and mitomycin C, decreased the frequency of recombination during chromosomal transduction and transformation, decreased the frequency of transposon Tn9/7 translocation from plasmid to the bacterial chromosome, and did not affect the frequency of plasmid transformation. The corresponding mutation was mapped.

Chemotherapy and radiotherapy remain mostly palliative methods for metastatic cancer treatment. Limitations in efficacy and safety of established treatments continue to underline the need for improved treatments for malignancy. Results with some probiotics with antitumor activity have been promising. Here, we report that oral reception of Bacillus oligonitrophilus KU-1 resulted in the prolongation of lives in cancer patients with terminal prognosis and stabilization of cancer growth. The theoretical basis for the phenomena observed is discussed.

A Bacillus subtilis strain containing a mutation decreasing exonuclease I activity by up to 25% as compared to normal cells of the original BD46 strain was developed. A decrease in B. subtilis exonuclease I activity increased the sensitivity of mutant cells to UV irradiation and mitomycin C, decreased the frequency of recombination during chromosomal transduction and transformation, decreased the frequency of transposon Tn917 translocation from plasmid to the bacterial chromosome, and did not affect the frequency of plasmid transformation. The corresponding mutation was mapped.

A Bacillus subtilis strain containing a mutation decreasing exonuclease I activity by up to 25% as compared to normal cells of the original BD46 strain was developed. A decrease in B. subtilis exonuclease I activity increased the sensitivity of mutant cells to UV irradiation and mitomycin C, decreased the frequency of recombination during chromosomal transduction and transformation, decreased the frequency of transposon Tn9/7 translocation from plasmid to the bacterial chromosome, and did not affect the frequency of plasmid transformation. The corresponding mutation was mapped.

Treatment of cancer patients remains a serious medical problem and the development of alternative treatment strategies is therefore of great importance. In this connection, we developed a new bacterial-based, anticancer method. Ten cancer patients (three males, seven females) were involved in this study. Bacterial suspension of stationary phase Bacillus oligonitrophilus KU-1 was used as a remedy for peroral administration. In five patients, side effects (sicchasia, slight blood, and intracranial pressure gain) were detected, but all patients showed significant delay of lethal outcome without serious side effects. In conclusion, the suggested method was, in our opinion, a good alternative to conventional chemo- and radiotherapy techniques. In order to evaluate its efficiency for various tumors, a double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study is needed.