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Earlier studies [Mallow, J. V. (1994). Gender-related science anxiety: A first binational study. "Journal of Science Education and Technology" 3: 227-238; Udo, M. K., Ramsey, G. P., Reynolds-Alpert, S., and Mallow, J. V. (2001). Does physics teaching affect gender-based science anxiety? "Journal of Science Education and Technology" 10: 237-247] of science anxiety in various student cohorts suggested that nonscience majors were highly science anxious (SA), regardless of what science courses they were taking. In this study, we investigated science anxiety in a cohort consisting mostly of nonscience majors taking general education science courses. Regression analysis shows that the leading predictors of science anxiety are (i) nonscience anxiety and (ii) gender, as they were for different cohorts in the earlier studies. We confirm earlier findings that females are more SA than males. Chi-square analysis of acute science anxiety shows an amplification of these differences. We found statistically significant levels of science anxiety in humanities and social science students of both genders, and gender differences in science anxiety, despite the fact that the students were all enrolled in general education science courses specifically designed for nonscience majors. We found acute levels of anxiety in several groups, especially education, nursing, and business majors. We describe specific interventions to alleviate science anxiety.

Presents the results of a study designed to measure the level of science anxiety in students enrolled in physics courses at Loyola University in Chicago. The leading factors contributing to science anxiety include nonscience anxiety and gender. Concludes that the teaching of an introductory physics course can reduce acute levels of science anxiety. (Author/MM)

This article describes how a state health authority capitalized on the increased popularity of the Internet among consumers by launching a website devoted to improving communication among persons interested in children with disabilities and their families. The health authority collaborated with a local school of social work to redesign the website using the family-centered paradigm and evaluate its effectiveness. A sample of 51 respondents participated in the web-based survey. The article describes the process and methods of evaluation as well as the results of the survey to enhance feedback for the website's further development. Lessons learned for the design, development, and marketing of future websites are also covered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This study explores the evolution of organ donation from patients treated with extracorporeal-cardiopulmonary-resuscitation (ECPR) for refractory out-of-hospital-cardiac-arrest (OHCA) and evaluates the public health benefits of a mature ECPR program., Methods: This retrospective, single-center study included OHCA patients (2016-2023) who had mostly initial shockable rhythms and were treated with ECPR. Organ donation rates from non-survivors through these years were analyzed. The public health benefit of ECPR was determined by the ratio of the sum of survivors with Cerebral Performance Category 1-2 and non-survivors who donated at least 1 solid organ, to the total ECPR patients. Temporal trends were analyzed yearly using linear regression., Results: Out of 419 ECPR patients presenting with refractory OHCA over the study period, 116 survived neurologically intact (27.7%). Among non-survivors (n = 303), families of 41 (13.5%) consented to organ donation (median age 51 years, 75.6% male) and organs from 38 patients were harvested, leading to 74 organ transplants to 73 recipients. The transplanted organs included 43 kidneys (58.1%), 27 livers (36.5%), 3 lungs (4%), and 1 heart (1.4%), averaging 2.4 ± 0.9 accepted organs/donor. The number of organ donors and successful transplants correlated positively with the years since the ECPR program's initiation (p trend  = 0.009, p trend  = 0.01). Overall, 189 patients (116 survivors, 73 organ recipients) benefited from ECPR, achieving organ-failure-free survival. The cumulative public health benefit of ECPR, considering the 116 survivors and 38 donors was 36.8%., Conclusion: The public health benefits of an established ECPR program extend beyond individual ECPR patient survival, forming a new, previously under-recognized source of transplant donors., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: ‘This work was supported by a grant from the American Heart Association that was awarded to R.K. (AHA 23TPA1140962). There are no other known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.’., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a systemic vasculitis of medium and large vessels that is diagnosed using temporal artery biopsy (TAB). In this case report, we explored the benefits of frozen section analysis as a rapid intraoperative diagnostic technique for GCA. We present the cases of two patients who underwent TAB with frozen section analysis, to demonstrate the value of this technique in initiating immediate treatment and potentially avoiding unnecessary contralateral biopsies when the frozen section of the first biopsy confirms GCA. We recommend further investigation into the use of frozen section analysis for patients suspected of having GCA, who might otherwise undergo bilateral TAB., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Mallow et al.)

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death in the world with nearly 90% of cases caused by tobacco smoking. Nearly 40% of people with COPD are diagnosed with depression which impacts quality of life and smoking cessation. The purpose of this study was to describe factors influencing smoking behaviors and readiness to change in people with comorbid COPD and depression., Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used. A convenience sample of 222 participants self-reported and/or had a documented diagnosis of COPD. Participants completed study measures which included the PHQ-9 for depressive symptoms, assessment of smoking behaviors using The Cigarette Dependence Scale, report of readiness to change using The Smoking Stage of Change Questionnaire, The Smoking Decisional Balance Questionnaire, and The Processes of Change Questionnaire. Electronic and paper questionnaires were used. Data was stored in RedCap and analyzed using SPSS version 26. Based on variable type, descriptive and comparative analyses were conducted using ANOVA, t-test, chi-square, Pearson correlation, linear regression, and multiple linear regression to determine the relationships between smoking behaviors, COPD, and depressive symptoms., Results: Only 18 participants were classified as having no depressive symptoms. Participants who smoked had high nicotine dependence and wanted to quit smoking. Overall, participants saw more cons to smoking and were engaged in the processes of change. The majority of participants were in the maintenance or contemplation stage. Cigarette dependence could decrease by 9% if depressive symptoms are treated., Conclusions: There is a need to assess COPD patients for depression and to assess COPD patients' smoking behaviors and readiness to change. Adequate treatment of depression could promote an individual to move through the stages of change from chronic contemplation to action, thus improving smoking cessation efforts for individuals with COPD. Understanding patients' smoking behaviors and readiness to change can aid in developing personalized interventions to achieve smoking cessation and improve long-term outcomes., (© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.)

Background: Elevated mental illness prevalence complicates efforts designed to address the opioid crisis in Appalachia. The recovery community acknowledges that loneliness impacts mood and engagement in care factors; however, the predictive relationship between loneliness and retention in medication-assisted outpatient treatment programs has not been explored. Our objectives were to identify associations between mental health factors and retention in treatment and elucidate treatment retention odds. Data were collected from eighty participants ( n = 57 retained, n = 23 not retained) of a mindfulness-based relapse prevention (MBRP) intervention for individuals receiving medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) in Appalachia. Loneliness, depression, and anxiety did not differ between the retained and not retained, nor did they predict not being retained; however, mindfulness was significantly lower among those not retained in treatment compared to those retained (OR = 0.956, 95% CI (0.912-1.00), and p < 0.05). Preliminary findings provide evidence for mindfulness training integration as part of effective treatment, with aims to further elucidate the effectiveness of mindfulness therapies on symptom reduction in co-occurring mental health disorders, loneliness, and MOUD treatment retention.

Background: Transitioning to community living after long-term care requires multiple complex individualized interventions to prevent readmission. The current focus of home and community-based services (HCBS) is on increasing consumer engagement and individualizing care. Telehealth interventions provide additional services without the burden of face-to-face encounters and have yet to be evaluated for feasibility and acceptability in rural HCBS., Methods: West Virginia Bureau for Medical Services and West Virginia University implemented and evaluated a telehealth intervention with 26 Aged and Disabled Waiver or Traumatic Brain Injury Waiver participants who were transitioning back into their communities from a long-term care facility. Feasibility was assessed through recruitment process, fidelity to planned intervention, number of people eligible for participation, number of individuals enrolling in the intervention, enrollment process, completed enrollment, engagement in the intervention, number of weeks participating in the intervention, type of devices provided, attrition, and fidelity to original intervention. Satisfaction with services was used as a marker of acceptability for both participants and providers., Results: Half ( n  = 12) of the enrolled population completed the full 24-week telehealth monitoring period and modification of the original intervention was necessary for most. Provider and participant satisfaction was high. Recruitment and enrollment may have been affected by COVID-19., Conclusion: Future implementation will continue to track recruitment and retention efforts. Individualized care plans, demonstration and practice with equipment, family or direct-care worker presence, and live technical support through the phone are needed. Primary care provider and in-home direct-care worker satisfaction workflow planning and evaluation are required., Competing Interests: The authors declare that there are no competing interests, personal financial interests, or employments that may gain or lose financially by this publication., (© Jennifer Mallow et al., 2023; Published by Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.)

Introduction: An advancing healthcare system in which patients are often required to self-manage care needs across countless settings and clinicians is increasing focus on participation in care. Mismanagement of care during already risky care-transitions further increases adverse care outcomes. Understanding factors of patient participation in transitional care in an adult population can help guide ways to reduce this burden., Methods: A systematic review of the literature guided by the PRISMA method was conducted to identify factors of patient participation in transitional care. Quantitative studies in which patient participation was measured as an outcome variable and related statistics reported, and data were collected from an adult sample, were included. Two authors independently reviewed, critiqued, and synthesized the articles, and later categorized study variables according to identified trends., Results: Twelve studies across international and multidisciplinary backgrounds were identified. Across studies, efforts were largely based on understanding or improving patient self-management of care during transitions. The majority of studies were experimental and care interventions grounded in patient and healthcare team partnerships, delivered beyond the hospital setting. An array of measures was used to quantify patient participation. Factors of patient participation in transitional care included higher perceived levels of self-efficacy, confidence, and skills to participate in care., Conclusion: The results of this study suggest patient participation in transitional care is largely based on perceptions of self-efficacy, confidence, and skill. Patient-centric transitional care interventions targeting these factors and delivered beyond the hospital setting may improve care outcomes. Implications and direction for further studies includes conceptual clarity, the study of a broader-reaching patient population demographic, and use of multidisciplinary interventions. Outcome variables should remain focused on patient perception of care involvement and participation and expanded to include variables such as functional abilities and social determinants of health., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting Interests: The Author(s) declare(s) that there is no conflict of interest., (© The Author(s) 2022.)

Background: Nursing informatics innovations are constantly adapting to a rapidly changing health care environment., Purpose: This study aims to present the lessons learned from 4 nursing informatics projects and rationale for development decisions to inform future informatics innovations., Methods: Using a comparative cross-case analysis, four case studies of informatics projects led by nurse scientists were described and analyzed through the lens of the Informatics Research Organizing Model which was modified to include policy and interoperability contexts., Findings: The comparison analysis examined dynamic relationships between processes and constructs in nursing informatics interventions and also highlighted the scientific, intellectual property, technical, and policy challenges encountered among the four case studies., Discussion: The analysis provided implications for future intervention development and implementation in consideration of multiple contexts for nursing informatics innovations., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Aims: This study describes gender differences and relationships among loneliness, anger, depression, self-management ability and biomarkers of chronic illness in chronically ill mid-life adults in Appalachia., Background: Loneliness predicts poor health, functional decline, and mortality in adults. Though self-management ability is linked to improved health outcomes, a gap existed when examining how loneliness impacts self-management ability (SMA)., Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 90 patients from a primary care center. Instruments measured loneliness, anger, depression, and SMA. Measures were taken for BMI, blood pressure, and glucose. Descriptive and hierarchical multiple regression was used to test hypotheses., Results: Participants were majority female (68%), white (89%), married (52%), employed (66%), and impoverished (70%). They were moderately lonely (M = 41.29, SD 12.13) and men were lonelier than women (p < .01). Men and women did not differ on anger, depressive symptoms, or SMA. Anger (5.64, SD 7.32) and depressive symptoms (M = 5.89, SD 5.54) were low. Loneliness positively correlated with anger (r = 0.415, p < .01) and depression (r = 0.558, p < .01), and inversely related to subscales of SMA (p < .01) [taking initiative (TI), investment behavior (IB), variety (V), multifunctionality (MF), self-efficacy (SE), and positive frame of mind (PM)]. After controlling for age, anger, and depression, loneliness was explanatory for poorer SMA (R squared change = 0.32, F change (1, 67) = 47.67, p < .001)., Conclusions: Loneliness impacts SMA and should be included in the care planning or study of chronically ill adults who struggle with self-management., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Uncontrolled diabetes during the perioperative period can result in a variety of adverse postoperative outcomes., Objective: Evaluate a nurse-led telehealth preoperative intervention to improve glycemic control., Methods: Provide telehealth diabetes education prior to surgery and evaluate time spent and pre-/post-glucose levels. Between-group differences were used to assess glycemic control., Results: There was no significant difference in scores for those who received the telephone intervention ( M = 167.71, SD = 59.9) and those who did not receive the intervention ( M = 171.44, SD = 54.9; t (44) = 0.220, p = .82, two-tailed). The magnitude of the differences in the means was very small (Cohen's d = 0.03). There was a reduction in pre- and post-glucose levels for both groups., Conclusions: Although the findings were not statistically significant, there may be some clinical significance., Implications for Nursing: The clinical significance has implications for nursing due to participants choosing to delay surgery and potentially preventing adverse outcomes., (© 2018 Springer Publishing Company, LLC.)