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Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) inhibition leads to the production of reactive oxygen metabolites causing skin inflammatory reactions. Anti-EGFR therapies are frequently associated with skin toxicities which often cause treatment delay and impairment to patient quality of life. Lycopene is a compound in the carotenoid group with an extreme antioxidant action which accumulates in the skin due to its hydrophobic structure. In a pilot study, we describe lactolycopene effectiveness in reducing skin toxicity and protecting tissues from oxidative stress in patients treated with panitumumab. Despite the limited number of patients, we show an absolute reduction of skin grade 2–3 toxicity in 41% of patients and 46% of panitumumab cumulative cycles in the experimental group versus placebo; lactolycopene administration was able to abolish malondialdehyde (MDA) production, a biomarker used to measure lipid peroxidation in the organism, and replenish antioxidant consumption in the course of anti-EGFR therapy.Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT 03,167,268 (Pasto trial).

AIM: To discuss the protective effect of α-mangostin on retinal light damage in mice.METHODS: Totally 30 Balb/c mice, aged 6～8wk, were randomly divided into the control group, light-exposure group and α-mangostin group. Every group contained 10 mice. Mice of α-mangostin group were treated with alpha-mangostin at the dose of 30mg/(kg·d)body weight by intragastric administration daily for 7d, and then exposed to white light at the 5thd. The light-exposure group and α-mangostin group were exposed to 5 000±200lx white light-emmiting diodes(LEDs)for continuously 1h to establish the mice model of retinal light damage. Flash-electroretinograme was recorded 72h after light exposure. The changes in retinal morphology of mice were observed by light microscopy. Retinas were extracted to detect the malondialdhyde(MDA)content change of the retinal homogenate.RESULTS: Flash-electroretinogram(F-ERG)showed that retinal dysfunction was less severe in α-mangostin group than in light-exposure group(PPPCONCLUSION: α-mangostin inhibits lipid peroxidation induced by light damage and protect retina against light damage.

The objective of the present study was to monitor the effect of freezing on lipid peroxidation parameters in beef and in mutton from Alexandria markets and their effects on meat quality through determination of the following parameters; pH, Acid Value, Free Fatty Acids Content, Malondialdhyde, Total Cholestrols, Triacylglycerols, High Density Lipoproteins, Low Density Lipoproteins, Very Low Density Lipoproteins and Fatty Acids analysis by Gas Chromatography. Conclusively, effect of freezing at -20°C for two months on meat pH, pH remained the same as it was within normal accepted range, and rancidity not developed during frozen storage of meat within two months. Paradoxically, studies had shown that frozen storage leads to time dependent increases in accumulation of lipid peroxidation product as malondialdhyde and also cholesterol oxidation occur while fatty acids oxidation occurs to some extent as there is disappearance of omega 3 fatty acid and ecosapentanoic acid by freezing process and this considered to be evidence of lipid peroxidation. Inspite of this point freezing as a method of meat preservation causes only a small decrease in nutritive value, and natural health-promoting substances as other unsaturated fatty acids are largely retained with minute change [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the present study was to monitor the effect of freezing on lipid peroxidation parameters in beef and in mutton from Alexandria markets and their effects on meat quality through determination of the following parameters; pH, Acid Value, Free Fatty Acids Content, Malondialdhyde, Total Cholestrols, Triacylglycerols, High Density Lipoproteins, Low Density Lipoproteins, Very Low Density Lipoproteins and Fatty Acids analysis by Gas Chromatography. Conclusively, effect of feezing at -20°C for two months on meat pH, pH remained the same as it was within normal accepted range, and rancidity not developed during frozen storage of meat within two months. Paradoxically, studies had shown that frozen storage leads to time dependent increases in accumulation of lipid peroxidation product as malondialdhyde and also cholesterol oxidation occur while fatty acids oxidation occurs to some extent as there is disappearance of omega 3 fatty acid and ecosapentanoic acid by freezing process and this considered to be evidence of lipid peroxidation. Inspite of this point freezing as a method of meat preservation causes only a small decrease in nutritive value, and natural health-promoting substances as other unsaturated fatty acids are largely retained with minute change [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The pyrethroid class of insecticides, including deltamethrin, is being used as substitutes for organochlorines and organophosphates in pest-control programs because of their low environmental persistence and toxicity. This study was aimed to investigate the impact of commonly used pesticides (deltamethrin) on the blood and tissue oxidative stress level in catfish (Clarias gariepinus); in addition to the protective effect of α-tocopherol on deltamethrin induced oxidative stress. Catfish were divided into three groups, 1st control group include 20 fish divided into two tanks each one contain 10 fish, 2nd deltamethrin group, where Fish exposed to deltamethrin in a concentration (0.75 µg/l) and 3rd Vitamin E group, Fish exposed to deltamethrin and vitamin E at a dose of 12 µg/l for successive 4 days. Serum, liver, kidney and Gills were collected for biochemical assays. Tissue oxidative stress biomarkers malondialdhyde (MDA) and catalase activity in liver, kidney and gills tissues, serum liver enzymes (ALT and AST), serum albumin, total protein, urea and creatinine were analysed. Results: Our results showed that 48 h. exposure to 0.75 µg/l deltamethrin significantly (p<0.05) increased lipid peroxidation (MDA) in the liver, kidney and gills while catalase activity was significantly decreased in the same tissues. This accompanied by significant increase in serum ALT, AST activity, urea and creatinine and a marked decrease in serum albumin and total proteins. Conclusions: It could be concluded that deltamethrin is highly toxic to catfish even in very low concentration (0.75 µg/l). Moreover the effect of deltamethrin was pronounced in the liver of catfish in comparison with kidneys and gills. Moreover fish antioxidants and oxidative stress could be used as biomarkers for aquatic pollution, thus helping in the diagnosis of pollution. Adminstration of 12 µg/l α-tocopherol restored the quantified tissue and serum parameters, so supplementation of α-tocopherol consider an effective way to counter the toxicity of deltamethrin in the catfish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the toxic effects of silver nanoparticles (8.67-26.3 nm) on body weight, organs body weight ratio and oxaditive status of male Sprague Dawley rats over a period of three months. In this experimental study, 100 male Sprague Dawley rats were categorized in four groups including control group and three experimental groups (n=25 in each group). The rats in the experimental groups were orally intubated 5 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg of AgNPs solution by gavage, five days a week. Samples of blood were taken from the rats for oxidative stress assessments. Afterwards, lungs, kidney, liver and brain removed and weighted to calculate organs body weight ratio. The results demonstrated a statistically no significant change in final body weight nor organs relative weight %, oxidative stress condition were investigated with increase MDA level and decrease SOD, CAT and TAC level in serum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Pathological features of age-related macular degeneration such as the formation of extracellular deposits and neovascularization are frequently viewed as outcomes of compromising processes within retinal pigment epithelial cells, but the initiating circumstances are poorly understood. Here we tested the hypothesis that photooxidation events initiated by A2E, a blue light-excitable aging fluorophore of the retinal pigment epithelium, can set the stage for altered cellular signaling and changes in the expression of genes that can impact the extracellular milieu. Proteins modified by lipid peroxidation products (4-hydroxynonenal; malondialdhyde) and advanced glycation end products were detected at sites of blue light irradiation both in association with the cultured A2E-laden retinal pigment epithelial cells and within the fibronectin substrate on which the cells were grown. RAGE, the cell surface receptor that transduces the effects of advanced glycation end products, was also upregulated, and RAGE expression co-localized with the deposition of advanced glycation end products. Blue light triggered alterations in gene expression was also evidenced by elevations in both transcripts and protein for vascular endothelial growth factor, a potent angiogenic and permeability-enhancing factor. These findings indicate that cell associated and extracellular modification of proteins by lipid peroxidation products and advanced glycation end products together with increased expression of RAGE and vascular endothelial growth factor may be induced consequent to blue light illumination of A2E-burdened retinal pigment epithelial cells. Thus, photooxidative events that are not an immediate threat to retinal pigment epithelial cell viability may nevertheless elicit sustained perturbation that could ultimately alter neighboring tissues and impact retinal pigment epithelial cell function. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

[Display omitted] • Lycopene reduces ≥ G2 skin toxicity frequency in course of panitumumab therapy. • Lycopene prolongs time to appearance of ≥ G2 skin toxicity (p = 0.0007 logrank test) • Lycopene protects tissues from oxidative stress due to panitumumab therapy. • Lycopene administration saves antioxidants consumption due to panitumumab therapy. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) inhibition leads to the production of reactive oxygen metabolites causing skin inflammatory reactions. Anti-EGFR therapies are frequently associated with skin toxicities which often cause treatment delay and impairment to patient quality of life. Lycopene is a compound in the carotenoid group with an extreme antioxidant action which accumulates in the skin due to its hydrophobic structure. In a pilot study, we describe lactolycopene effectiveness in reducing skin toxicity and protecting tissues from oxidative stress in patients treated with panitumumab. Despite the limited number of patients, we show an absolute reduction of skin grade 2–3 toxicity in 41% of patients and 46% of panitumumab cumulative cycles in the experimental group versus placebo; lactolycopene administration was able to abolish malondialdehyde (MDA) production, a biomarker used to measure lipid peroxidation in the organism, and replenish antioxidant consumption in the course of anti-EGFR therapy. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT 03,167,268 (Pasto trial). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Helicobacter pylori are gram-negative spiral shaped bacteria, with sheathed flagella. H. pylori infection is one of the most common chronic infections in humans. Infection is usually acquired during childhood, and becomes a lifelong infection in most people unless treated. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum levels of oxidative stress indices in children with H. pylori infection., Material and Methods: The present study was carried out on 60 children infected with H. pylori including 28 males, 32 females with their age ranging from 7-10 years and mean age value of 8.5 ± 1.65 ( Group I). This study included also 60 children as a control group including 26 males, 34 females with their age ranging from 7-11 and mean age value of 8.99 ± 1.63 (Group II). For all children in groups I the following were done: Diagnosis of H. pylori infection through H. pylori stool antigen testing using enzyme immunoassay kit and gastric antrum mucosal biopsies which were tested for urease activity using Campylobacter like organism test (CLO test). Measurements of serum oxidative stress markers including Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Malondialdhyde, Glutathione, Catalase and Nitric oxide were done in patients and controls., Results: Serum nitric oxide and reduced glutathione were significantly lower in patients compared to controls while serum MDA, Serum catalase and Serum SOD were significantly higher in patients compared to controls (nitric oxide was 91.111 ±6.366 in patients versus 107.211±2.121 in controls with p value of 0.001, reduced glutathione in patients was 2.457± 0.081 versus 2.889±0.491 in controls with p value of 0.001, serum MDA in patients was 140.22±5.18 versus 116.22±2.98 in controls with p value of 0.001, catalase was 401.645± 4.344 versus 278.221±71.712 in controls with p value of 0.001 and SOD in patients was 16.936±9.145 versus 5.578±0.231 in controls with p value of 0.001)., Conclusion: H. pylori infection is associated with oxidative stress with significantly lower serum nitric oxide and reduced glutathione and significantly higher serum MDA, catalase and SOD in patients compared to controls., Recommendations: Antioxidants may be beneficial adjuvant treatment in H. pylori infection as H. pylori infection is associated with oxidative stress., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.org.)

Background: 'Helicobacter pylori' "H. pylori" is one of the most common infections that colonizes human gastric mucosa and generates reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the oxidative stress markers in the gastric mucosa of "H. pylori"- infected children., Patients and Methods: The present study was carried out on 60 children infected with "H. pylori" including 28 males, 32 females with their age ranging from 7-10 years and mean age value of 8.5 ± 1.65 years (Group I). This study included also 60 healthy children as a control group including 26 males and 34 females with their age ranging from 7-11 years and mean age value of 8.99 ± 1.63 years (Group II). All children were subjected to full history taking, thorough clinical examination, diagnosis of "H. pylori" infection through "H. pylori" stool antigen testing using enzyme immunoassay kit (Group I and II) and gastric antrum mucosal biopsies which were tested for urease activity using Campylobacter like organism test (CLO test) (Group I only) and measurement of gastric mucosal oxidative stress markers including Malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), Catalase and nitric oxide (NO) [The sum of Nitrite (NO2 -) and Nitrate (NO3 -)]., Results: The main clinical presentations in studied patients and controls were recurrent abdominal pain, recurrent vomiting, dyspepsia and hematemesis with no significant difference between patients and controls as regard abdominal pain, vomiting or dyspepsia but hematemesis was found only in patients. There were significant differences between patients and controls as regard site and duration of abdominal pain with epigastrium being the most common site of pain in patients versus diffuse abdominal pain in control group with significantly longer duration of abdominal pain in patients compared with controls. "H. pylori" infected children has significantly lower gastric mucosal nitric oxide and reduced glutathione and significantly higher gastric mucosal MDA, catalase and SOD compared to controls (nitric oxide was 85.68 ± 23.16 nmol/gm in patients versus 106.423±2.111 nmol/gm in controls, reduced glutathione in patients was 1.83 ± 0.16 nmol/gm versus 2.44 ± 0.07 nmol/gm in controls, MDA in patients was 189.15 ± 6.14 nmol/gm versus 166.21 ± 3.13 nmol/gm in controls, catalase was 57.38 ± 19.85 unit/gm in patients versus 36.51 ± 2.34 unit/gm in controls and SOD in patients was 375.52 ± 26.51 unit/gm versus 318.51 ± 32.06 unit/gm in controls., Conclusion: "H. pylori" infection is associated with gastric mucosal oxidative stress with significantly lower gastric mucosal nitric oxide and reduced glutathione and significantly higher gastric mucosal MDA, Catalase and SOD in patients compared to controls., Recommendations: Antioxidants may be an important adjuvant therapy for "H. pylori" infection as this infection is associated with gastric mucosal oxidative stress., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.org.)