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3. Genetic and Phenotypic Evaluation of European Maize Landraces as a Tool for Conservation and Valorization of Agrobiodiversity.

Author

Balconi, Carlotta, Galaretto, Agustin, Malvar, Rosa Ana, Nicolas, Stéphane D., Redaelli, Rita, Andjelkovic, Violeta, Revilla, Pedro, Bauland, Cyril, Gouesnard, Brigitte, Butron, Ana, Torri, Alessio, Barata, Ana Maria, Kravic, Natalija, Combes, Valérie, Mendes-Moreira, Pedro, Murariu, Danela, Šarčević, Hrvoje, Schierscher-Viret, Beate, Vincent, Morgane, and Zanetto, Anne

Subjects
AGROBIODIVERSITY, GERMPLASM conservation, SUSTAINABLE agriculture, SEED harvesting, GERMPLASM
Abstract

Simple Summary: Maize is one of the major crops of the world for feed, food, and industrial uses. It originated in Central America and was first introduced into Europe at the end of the 15th century. Due to its adaptability, farmers and breeders across Europe have developed a wide diversity of local maize varieties with different characteristics over the past centuries. Many of these are conserved in genebanks' seed collections, but little is known about their specific characteristics. Here, we present results obtained by the European Evaluation Network for Maize, a private–public partnership with partners from nine countries aimed at promoting the valorization of maize genetic resources in breeding programs. The work describes the selection and the genetic and phenotypic evaluation of a collection of 626 maize landraces preserved in European genebanks, providing evidence for historic introductions and geographic adaptation. In a world where climate change, rising food prices, and other issues are affecting food security and the environment, the conservation and use of crop diversity is becoming increasingly important. The results of our study will facilitate the use of maize genetic resources in breeding for resilience to climate change, for sustainable agriculture, food security, and food quality. The ECPGR European Evaluation Network (EVA) for Maize involves genebanks, research institutions, and private breeding companies from nine countries focusing on the valorization of maize genetic resources across Europe. This study describes a diverse collection of 626 local landraces and traditional varieties of maize (Zea mays L.) from nine European genebanks, including criteria for selection of the collection and its genetic and phenotypic diversity. High-throughput pool genotyping grouped the landraces into nine genetic groups with a threshold of 0.6 admixture, while 277 accessions were designated admixed and likely to have resulted from previous breeding activities. The grouping correlated well with the geographic origins of the collection, also reflecting the various pathways of introduction of maize to Europe. Phenotypic evaluations of 588 accessions for flowering time and plant architecture in multilocation trials over three years confirmed the great diversity within the collection, although phenotypic clusters only partially correlated with the genetic grouping. The EVA approach promotes conservation of genetic resources and opens an opportunity to increase genetic variability for developing improved varieties and populations for farmers, with better adaptation to specific environments and greater tolerance to various stresses. As such, the EVA maize collection provides valuable sources of diversity for facing climate change due to the varieties' local adaptation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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10. Inbred selection for increased resistance to kernel contamination with fumonisins

Author

Santiago, Rogelio, Ramos Girona, Antonio J., Cao, Ana, Malvar, Rosa Ana, and Brutón, Ana

Subjects
Pedigree selection, Hybrid performance, Fumonisin, Fusarium ear rot
Abstract

In temperate world-wide regions, maize kernels are often infected with the fumonisinproducing fungus Fusarium verticillioides which poses food and feed threats to animals and humans. As maize breeding has been revealed as one of the main tools with which to reduce kernel contamination with fumonisins, a pedigree selection program for increased resistance to Fusarium ear rot (FER), a trait highly correlated with kernel fumonisin content, was initiated in 2014 with the aim of obtaining inbred lines (named EPFUM) with resistance to kernel contamination with fumonisins and adapted to our environmental conditions. The new released EPFUM inbreds, their parental inbreds, hybrids involving crosses of one or two EPFUM inbreds, as well as commercial hybrids were evaluated in the current study. The objectives were (i) to assess if inbreds released by that breeding program were significantly more resistant than their parental inbreds and (ii) to examine if hybrids derived from EPFUM inbreds could be competitive based on grain yield and resistance to FER and fumonisin contamination. Second-cycle inbreds obtained through this pedigree selection program did not significantly improve the levels of resistance to fumonisin contamination of their parental inbreds; however, most EPFUM hybrids showed significantly better resistance to FER and fumonisin contamination than commercial hybrids did. Although European flint materials seem to be the most promising reservoirs of alleles with favorable additive and/or dominance effects for resistance to kernel contamination with fumonisins, marketable new Reid Lancaster hybrids have been detected as they combine high resistance and yields comparable to those exhibited by commercial hybrids. Moreover, the white kernel hybrid EPFUM-4 EP116 exploits the genetic variability within the European flint germplasm and can be an alternative to dent hybrid cultivation because white flint grain can lead to higher market prices. This research was funded by subsequent coordinated projects financed by MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE (RTI2018-096776-B-C21 and RTI2018-096776-B-C22, PID2021-122196OB-C21 and PID2021-122196OB-C22).

Published
2023

16. Genetic Variation for Cold Tolerance in Two Nested Association Mapping Populations

Author

Revilla, Pedro, primary, Butrón, Ana, additional, Rodriguez, Víctor Manuel, additional, Rincent, Renaud, additional, Charcosset, Alain, additional, Giauffret, Catherine, additional, Melchinger, Albrecht E., additional, Schön, Chris-Carolin, additional, Bauer, Eva, additional, Altmann, Thomas, additional, Brunel, Dominique, additional, Moreno-González, Jesús, additional, Campo, Laura, additional, Ouzunova, Milena, additional, Álvarez, Ángel, additional, Ruíz de Galarreta, José Ignacio, additional, Laborde, Jacques, additional, and Malvar, Rosa Ana, additional

Published
2023
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25. Cell Wall Composition Impacts Structural Characteristics of the Stems and Thereby the Biomass Yield

Author

López-Malvar Ana, Santiago Rogelio, Souto Xose Carlos, Malvar Rosa Ana, Xunta de Galicia, CSIC - Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, and Universidad de Vigo

Subjects
Plant Breeding, Plant Stems, Cell wall, Plant architecture, General Chemistry, Biomass, Stem characteristics, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Lignin, Zea mays, Maize
Abstract

Maize stalks support leaves and reproductive structures and functionally support water and nutrient transport; besides, their anatomical and biochemical characteristics have been described as a plant defense against stress, also impacting economically important applications. In this study, we evaluated agronomical and stem description traits in a subset of maize inbred lines that showed variability for cell wall composition in the internodes. Overall, a great proportion of lignin subunit G and a low concentration of p-coumaric acid and lignin subunit S are beneficial for greater rind puncture resistance and taller plants, with a greater biomass yield. Also, the greater the proportions of subunit H, the longer the internode. Finally, the lower the total hemicellulose content, the greater the rind puncture resistance. Our results confirmed the effect of the cell wall on agronomic and stalk traits, which would be useful in applied breeding programs focused on biomass yield improvement., This research has been developed in the frame of the AgriFood Research and Transfer Centre of the Water Campus (CITACA) at the University of Vigo (Spain), which is economically supported by the Galician Government and in the Mision Biologica de Galicia-CSIC. It was funded by the “Plan Estatal de Ciencia y Tecnologia de Espana” (projects RTI2018-096776-B-C21, and RTI2018-096776-B-C22 cofinanced with European Union funds under the FEDER program). The funding body played no role in the study design, data analysis, and manuscript preparation.

Published
2022

27. Traditional Foods From Maize (Zea mays L.) in Europe

Author

Revilla, Pedro, primary, Alves, Mara Lisa, additional, Andelković, Violeta, additional, Balconi, Carlotta, additional, Dinis, Isabel, additional, Mendes-Moreira, Pedro, additional, Redaelli, Rita, additional, Ruiz de Galarreta, Jose Ignacio, additional, Vaz Patto, Maria Carlota, additional, Žilić, Sladana, additional, and Malvar, Rosa Ana, additional

Published
2022
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36. Combining abilities and heterosis for adaptation in flint maize populations

Author

Soengas, Pilar, Ordas, Bernardo, Malvar, Rosa Ana, Revilla, Pedro, and Ordas, Amando

Subjects
Corn -- Research, Breeding -- Research, Heterosis -- Research, Germplasm resources, Plant, Agricultural industry, Business
Abstract

Breeding of maize (Zea mays L.) in the Atlantic coast of Europe has focused on developing hybrids to exploit heterosis between flint and dent germplasm. Flint x flint hybrids could have some advantages because of their earliness and early vigor that are important in short growing season areas. The objective of this work was to study the adaptation of a set of 10 flint varieties crossed to flint and dent testers and in a diallel design to check the feasibility of a breeding program to obtain flint hybrids well adapted to European Atlantic conditions. In the testcrosses, general combining ability (GCA) of the flint tester EP42 for kernel moisture at harvest and days to silking was lower than those of dent testers. Improvement of flint varieties for combining ability with inbred line EP42 could be done to obtain earlier flint x flint hybrids with a better dry-down rate than flint x dent hybrids. Diallel entries were analyzed following Analysis II of Gardner and Eberhart. Variety and heterosis effects were significant for all traits. Varieties Gallego and Norteno, besides having large variety effects, also showed intermediate variety heterosis for adaptive traits and they would be the best adapted varieties to include in breeding programs. The cross 'Gallego x Basto/Enano levantino' combined the best yield and good specific heterosis for adaptive traits. Thus, flint hybrids to he grown in short season areas could be obtained following this heterotic pattern.

Published
2006

44. Inheritance and metabolomics of the resistance of two F2 populations of Phaseolus spp. to Acanthoscelides obtectus.

Author

Jiménez-Galindo, José Cruz, Tortosa, María, Velasco, Pablo, De La Fuente, María, Ordás, Bernardo, and Malvar, Rosa Ana

Abstract

The bean weevil Acanthoscelides obtectus is one of the major storage pests of dry bean. Tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius) is a great source of resistance against A. obtectus to improve dry bean production. We developed two F2 populations of Phaseolus spp. by crossing bean genotypes resistant to A. obtectus × susceptible, to (1) search for metabolites related to bean weevil resistance using an untargeted metabolomics approach and (2) understand the genetics of resistance to A. obtectus attack using the number of adults emerged from seeds as resistance criteria. The segregation of the number of adults emerged from seeds showed that the genetics of resistance (0 emerged adults = resistant, 1 or more emerged adults = susceptible) was controlled by a single dominant gene in two (resistant × susceptible) F2 populations. From nine metabolites detected, pipecolic acid concentration was significantly higher in the testa of resistant individuals than in the testa of susceptible individuals. From a breeding point of view, (P. Saltillo × T. amarillo) F2 is of special interest because it is derived from a cultivated tepary × cultivated common bean cross and showed 3:1 resistant vs susceptible segregation. Therefore, this F2 is a suitable base material for breeding programmes to obtain new bean lines with good agronomic performance, seed quality and resistance to insect attack. Pipecolic acid plays a role in resistance against A. obtectus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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45. Association mapping for cold tolerance in two large maize inbred panels

Author

Revilla, Pedro, primary, Rodríguez, Víctor Manuel, additional, Ordás, Amando, additional, Rincent, Renaud, additional, Charcosset, Alain, additional, Giauffret, Catherine, additional, Melchinger, Albrecht E., additional, Schön, Chris-Carolin, additional, Bauer, Eva, additional, Altmann, Thomas, additional, Brunel, Dominique, additional, Moreno-González, Jesús, additional, Campo, Laura, additional, Ouzunova, Milena, additional, Álvarez, Ángel, additional, Ruíz de Galarreta, José Ignacio, additional, Laborde, Jacques, additional, and Malvar, Rosa Ana, additional

Published
2016
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50. Cold Tolerance in Two Large Maize Inbred Panels Adapted to European Climates

Author

Revilla, Pedro, primary, Rodríguez, Víctor Manuel, additional, Ordás, Amando, additional, Rincent, Renaud, additional, Charcosset, Alain, additional, Giauffret, Catherine, additional, Melchinger, Albrecht E., additional, Schön, Chris‐Carolin, additional, Bauer, Eva, additional, Altmann, Thomas, additional, Brunel, Dominique, additional, Moreno‐González, Jesús, additional, Campo, Laura, additional, Ouzunova, Milena, additional, Laborde, Jacques, additional, Álvarez, Ángel, additional, Ruíz de Galarreta, José Ignacio, additional, and Malvar, Rosa Ana, additional

Published
2014
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