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This research focuses on improving the ground clutter mitigation by integrating ML methods with traditional methods (such as CFAR and Doppler processing) of X-band surveillance radar. Discriminative machine learning methods are used as they have the ability to learn without the knowledge of distribution type. The techniques used to accomplish research includes raw IQ radar data collection, data labelling, and feature generation, statistical significance of generated features, model (DT, SVM and ANN) training and model evaluation. The results indicate improvement in mitigation of ground clutter for different scenarios. The research also discusses the future work related to this research.

This is a retrospective analysis of cases with hangman’s fracture. The subject of ‘hangman’s fracture’ has been elaborately evaluated in the literature. The authors propose an alternative format of surgical treatment that is based on modification of existing classification schemes. During the period 2015 to March 2020, 15 patients having hangman’s fracture were identified and were surgically treated. The clinical condition was classified on the basis of American Spinal Injury Association scale (ASIA scale) and VAS parameters. The patients were classified into 4 groups depending on the presence (or absence) of atlantoaxial and/or C2–3 instability. Surgical decisions were guided by the proposed classification. Clinical evaluation and dynamic CT scan were done at follow-up visits. During the average follow-up of 26 months, all patients are essentially asymptomatic. There was marginal restriction of extent of neck movements in all cases. There was solid bone fusion in all cases. The proposed novel classification scheme based on the presence of atlantoaxial and C2–3 instability assisted in directing the treatment strategy of hangman’s fracture.

Worldwide, water scarcity, profit-cost pressure and restructuring of agricultural markets have led to on-farm diversification. The Goulburn Valley’s (GV) pome and stone fruit farms, in the Murray-D...

This is a retrospective analysis of cases with hangman's fracture. The subject of 'hangman's fracture' has been elaborately evaluated in the literature. The authors propose an alternative format of surgical treatment that is based on modification of existing classification schemes. During the period 2015 to March 2020, 15 patients having hangman's fracture were identified and were surgically treated. The clinical condition was classified on the basis of American Spinal Injury Association scale (ASIA scale) and VAS parameters. The patients were classified into 4 groups depending on the presence (or absence) of atlantoaxial and/or C2-3 instability. Surgical decisions were guided by the proposed classification. Clinical evaluation and dynamic CT scan were done at follow-up visits. During the average follow-up of 26 months, all patients are essentially asymptomatic. There was marginal restriction of extent of neck movements in all cases. There was solid bone fusion in all cases. The proposed novel classification scheme based on the presence of atlantoaxial and C2-3 instability assisted in directing the treatment strategy of hangman's fracture.

Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has severely affected and disrupted medical practice all over the world since December 2019 till date. This has affected the pediatric surgical practice in general and neurosurgical practice in particular. An analysis of 26 neonatal patients with open neural tube defects who underwent surgery in the neurosurgery department at the King Edward VII Memorial Hospital (KEM), Mumbai during the period of March 2020 till December 2020 is presented. The cumulative experience and challenges encountered in the comprehensive management of these cohort of patients in the difficult period of the pandemic is discussed in accordance with relevant literature on the subject.

Agenesis of dorsal pancreas (ADP) is an extremely rare congenital anomaly that results from defective development of pancreas. Most ADP patients are asymptomatic; if symptomatic, they present with epigastric pain. About half of affected individuals develop diabetes mellitus (DM), resulting from reduced islet cell mass secondary to the absence of endocrine structures. Being very rare, it is generally not kept in mind while dealing these cases and are not suspected until imaging investigations are not done. In our case study, ADP was diagnosed during evaluation of the patient for recurrent pain abdomen and generalized weakness. How to cite this article Jain A, Singh M, Dey S, Kaura A, Diwakar G. A Rare Case of Complete Agenesis of Dorsal Pancreas. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2017;7(2):183-184.

Background: Cholelithiasis has affected mankind since many centuries. It not only affects the biliary tree but also has adverse effects on the hepatic parenchyma, which can get further complicated due to infected bile. Early intervention in these cases not only retards the unwanted effects but also prevents irreversible damage to liver. Aim of study was to see the effect of gallstone disease on liver in patients of GSD (Cholelithiasis, Chronic cholecystitis, CBD Stones).Methods: All patients being subjected for planned cholecystectomy were taken as subjects irrespective of age, sex and co-morbid conditions.Results: 90 patients were included in study and they were evaluated for secondary histopathological changes in liver. Abnormal liver histology was seen in 40% of the cases, with portal tract inflammation being the commonest abnormality seen in 24.4% of patients followed by fatty change (17.8%), cholestasis (10%), lobular parenchymal infiltration (8.9%) and one (1.1%) patient had fibrosis. Choledocholithiasis was associated with a greater incidence of positive bile culture (60%) and greater incidence of abnormal liver histology (80%).Conclusions: Gall stone disease cause significant changes in liver histology and these changes are more common in those patients having long duration of symptoms. In patients of choledocholithiasis incidence of infected bile and liver histology changes are more as compared to cholelithiasis with chronic cholecystitis.

An eleven-year-old boy presented with a mass in the right iliac fossa for the last 21 days associated with pain, fever, anorexia, and nausea. The patient was thoroughly investigated and contrast-enhanced CT abdomen revealed a well-defined mass in the region of right iliac fossa. Exploratory laparotomy was done and a mass measuring 10 cm in diameter arising from mesentery of proximal ileum and adherent with the wall of ileum was seen. Resection and anastomosis were done. Histopathological examination showed mesenteric fibromatosis. Postoperatively, patient was well and 3-month followup showed normal recovery.

Isolated involvement of rectosigmoid region is very rare. Such cases are difficult to diagnose clinically due to their nonspecific and atypical presentations. This may leads to misdiagnosis and sometimes unplanned treatment. A 65-year-old female had operated for suspected traumatic intestinal obstruction with operative findings suggestive of carcinoma rectosigmoid region. Later on, investigations had proved the case to be tuberculosis of that region without any other signs. Thus, a thorough knowledge of the various presentations of rectosigmoid tuberculosis is important in order to improve patient management

Introduction: Complete agenesis of body and tail of pancreas is a very rare type of developmental anomaly of pancreas. It is important regarding its presentations of diabetes mellitus, pancreatitis, and exocrine insufficiency. Case Report: An old man had presented with atypical symptoms of obstructive jaundice with exocrine insufficiency. CECT helped to reveal the complete absence of the body and tail of pancreas with radiologically normal head with no signs of pancreatitis or mass lesion. Conclusions: The cause of agenesis of the dorsal pancreas is currently not well understood. It can also present lately as the presenting case. The presentations are usually related to secretory malfunctions. CECT is an initial investigation for diagnosis.

Acute gastric dilatation is commonly due to abdominal surgery, anorexia and bulimia nervosa, psychogenic polyphagia, trauma, diabetes mellitus, pneumonia, staphylococci. It is very rarely associated with typhoid or superior mesenteric artery syndrome and much rarely associated with both. A young thin female had been operated for signs of sub-acute intestinal obstruction and found to have very hugely dilated stomach reaching up to the pelvis along with dilated 1 st and 2 nd part of duodenum. But lumen was patent and no sign of obstruction was found. Later, she found to be typhoid positive. But she did not improved. CT scan revealed signs of superior mesenteric artery syndrome. Division of ligament of trietz with duodenojejunostomy done, after which she improved. It is be concluded that superior mesenteric artery compression may present as acute gastric dilatation. Typhoid may be associated with superior mesenteric artery syndrome.