Search

Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Antarctica, Cladosporium arenosum from marine sediment sand. Argentina, Kosmimatamyces alatophylus (incl. Kosmimatamyces gen. nov.) from soil. Australia, Aspergillus banksianus, Aspergillus kumbius, Aspergillus luteorubrus, Aspergillus malvicolor and Aspergillus nanangensis from soil, Erysiphe medicaginis from leaves of Medicago polymorpha, Hymenotorrendiella communis on leaf litter of Eucalyptus bicostata, Lactifluus albopicri and Lactifluus austropiperatus on soil, Macalpinomyces collinsiae on Eriachne benthamii, Marasmius vagus on soil, Microdochium dawsoniorum from leaves of Sporobolus natalensis, Neopestalotiopsis nebuloides from leaves of Sporobolus elongatus, Pestalotiopsis etonensis from leaves of Sporobolus jacquemontii, Phytophthora personensis from soil associated with dying Grevillea mccutcheonii. Brazil, Aspergillus oxumiae from soil, Calvatia baixaverdensis on soil, Geastrum calycicoriaceum on leaf litter, Greeneria kielmeyerae on leaf spots of Kielmeyera coriacea. Chile, Phytophthora aysenensis on collar rot and stem of Aristotelia chilensis. Croatia, Mollisia gibbospora on fallen branch of Fagus sylvatica. Czech Republic, Neosetophoma hnaniceana from Buxus sempervirens. Ecuador, Exophiala frigidotolerans from soil. Estonia, Elaphomyces bucholtzii in soil. France, Venturia paralias from leaves of Euphorbia paralias. India, Cortinarius balteatoindicus and Cortinarius ulkhagarhiensis on leaf litter. Indonesia, Hymenotorrendiella indonesiana on Eucalyptus urophylla leaf litter. Italy, Penicillium taurinense from indoor chestnut mill. Malaysia, Hemileucoglossum kelabitense on soil, Satchmopsis pini on dead needles of Pinus tecunumanii. Poland, Lecanicillium praecognitum on insects’ frass. Portugal, Neodevriesia aestuarina from saline water. Republic of Korea, Gongronella namwonensis from freshwater. Russia, Candida pellucida from Exomias pellucidus, Heterocephalacria septentrionalis as endophyte from Cladonia rangiferina, Vishniacozyma phoenicis from dates fruit, Volvariella paludosa from swamp. Slovenia, Mallocybe crassivelata on soil. South Africa, Beltraniella podocarpi, Hamatocanthoscypha podocarpi, Coleophoma podocarpi and Nothoseiridium podocarpi (incl. Nothoseiridium gen. nov.) from leaves of Podocarpus latifolius, Gyrothrix encephalarti from leaves of Encephalartos sp., Paraphyton cutaneum from skin of human patient, Phacidiella alsophilae from leaves of Alsophila capensis, and Satchmopsis metrosideri on leaf litter of Metrosideros excelsa. Spain, Cladophialophora cabanerensis from soil, Cortinarius paezii on soil, Cylindrium magnoliae from leaves of Magnolia grandiflora, Trichophoma cylindrospora (incl. Trichophoma gen. nov.) from plant debris, Tuber alcaracense in calcareus soil, Tuber buendiae in calcareus soil. Thailand, Annulohypoxylon spougei on corticated wood, Poaceascoma filiforme from leaves of unknown Poaceae. UK, Dendrostoma luteum on branch lesions of Castanea sativa, Ypsilina buttingtonensis from heartwood of Quercus sp. Ukraine, Myrmecridium phragmiticola from leaves of Phragmites australis. USA, Absidia pararepens from air, Juncomyces californiensis (incl. Juncomyces gen. nov.) from leaves of Juncus effusus, Montagnula cylindrospora from a human skin sample, Muriphila oklahomaensis (incl. Muriphila gen. nov.) on outside wall of alcohol distillery, Neofabraea eucalyptorum from leaves of Eucalyptus macrandra, Diabolocovidia claustri (incl. Diabolocovidia gen. nov.) from leaves of Serenoa repens, Paecilomyces penicilliformis from air, Pseudopezicula betulae from leaves of leaf spots of Populus tremuloides. Vietnam, Diaporthe durionigena on branches of Durio zibethinus and Roridomyces pseudoirritans on rotten wood. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes.

Novel species of fungi described in the present study include the following from Malaysia: Castanediella eucalypti from Eucalyptus pellita, Codinaea acacia from Acacia mangium, Emarcea eucalyptigena from Eucalyptus brassiana, Myrtapenidiella eucalyptorum from Eucalyptus pellita, Pilidiella eucalyptigena from Eucalyptus brassiana and Strelitziana malaysiana from Acacia mangium. Furthermore, Stachybotrys sansevieriicola is described from Sansevieria ehrenbergii (Tanzania), Phacidium grevilleae from Grevillea robusta (Uganda), Graphium jumulu from Adansonia gregorii and Ophiostoma eucalyptigena from Eucalyptus marginata (Australia), Pleurophoma ossicola from bone and Plectosphaerella populi from Populus nigra (Germany), Colletotrichum neosansevieriae from Sansevieria trifasciata, Elsinoë othonnae from Othonna quinquedentata and Zeloasperisporium cliviae (Zeloasperisporiaceae fam. nov.) from Clivia sp. (South Africa), Neodevriesia pakbiae, Phaeophleospora hymenocallidis and Phaeophleospora hymenocallidicola on leaves of a fern (Thailand), Melanconium elaeidicola from Elaeis guineensis (Indonesia), Hormonema viticola from Vitis vinifera (Canary Islands), Chlorophyllum pseudoglobossum from a grassland (India), Triadelphia disseminata from an immunocompromised patient (Saudi Arabia), Colletotrichum abscissum from Citrus (Brazil), Polyschema sclerotigenum and Phialemonium limoniforme from human patients (USA), Cadophora vitícola from Vitis vinifera (Spain), Entoloma flavovelutinum and Bolbitius aurantiorugosus from soil (Vietnam), Rhizopogon granuloflavus from soil (Cape Verde Islands), Tulasnella eremophila from Euphorbia officinarum subsp. echinus (Morocco), Verrucostoma martinicensis from Danaea elliptica (French West Indies), Metschnikowia colchici from Colchicum autumnale (Bulgaria), Thelebolus microcarpus from soil (Argentina) and Ceratocystis adelpha from Theobroma cacao (Ecuador). Myrmecridium iridis (Myrmecridiales ord. nov., Myrmecridiaceae fam. nov.) is also described from Iris sp. (The Netherlands). Novel genera include (Ascomycetes): Budhanggurabania from Cynodon dactylon (Australia), Soloacrosporiella, Xenocamarosporium, Neostrelitziana and Castanediella from Acacia mangium and Sabahriopsis from Eucalyptus brassiana (Malaysia), Readerielliopsis from basidiomata of Fuscoporia wahlbergii (French Guyana), Neoplatysporoides from Aloe ferox (Tanzania), Wojnowiciella, Chrysofolia and Neoeriomycopsis from Eucalyptus (Colombia), Neophaeomoniella from Eucalyptus globulus (USA), Pseudophaeomoniella from Olea europaea (Italy), Paraphaeomoniella from Encephalartos altensteinii, Aequabiliella, Celerioriella and Minutiella from Prunus (South Africa). Tephrocybella (Basidiomycetes) represents a novel genus from wood (Italy). Morphological and culture characteristics along with ITS DNA barcodes are provided for all taxa.

Marasmius cf. ochroleucus Desjardin & E. Horak (1997: 35) (Fig. 2E, Fig. 5) Pileus 6–15 mm in diam., at first hemispherical, then rounded convex, smooth or slightly uneven, hygrophanous, margin slightly translucently striate when moist, slightly pruinose, whitish or with yellowish tint especially on the edge (5A2). Lamellae adnexed, crowded, (appr. 28 reaching the stem), narrow, thin, whitish, with concolorous edge. Stipe 30–35 × 1.5–2 mm, cylindrical, not or slightly broadened towards base, hollow, hispidulous, whitish at the top, gradually darkening to dark reddish brown (8F4–5) downwards, basal mycelium scarce, whitish. Odour strongly aromatic, taste not defined. FIGURE. Microscopic features of Marasmius cf. ochroleucus (LE 295978). A. Spores. B. Basidium. C. Cheilocystidia. D. Pileipellis cells. E. Caulocystidia.―Scale bar = 10 μm. Basidiospores single in preparation, (7.7)8.1–10.8 × (3.5)4.3–4.9 µm, χ m = 9.5±1.9 × 4.6±0.4 µm, Q = 1.9–2.2, Q m = 2.05±0.2, ellipsoid. Basidia 4-spored, 27–32 × 7–9 µm, clavate. Cheilocystidia in the form of Siccus - type broom cells, main body 15.5–20.0 × 6.1–8.7 µm, clavate, subcylindrical, sometimes tortuous or irregular in outline, more or less thin-walled, with cylindrical thin-walled, obtuse, tortuous, rarely branched projections 7.2–8.5(15.0) µm long, inamyloid. Pleurocystidia absent. Pileipellis a hymeniderm composed of Siccus - type broom cells, main body 15.0– 25.0 × 6.0–10.2 µm, clavate, subcylindrical, more or less thin-walled at the base, thick-walled at apex, projections predominantly 5.2–9.0 µm, rarely up to 15.0 µm long, cylindrical, seldom branched, obtuse, tortuous, thick-walled; all thick-walled parts yellow or brownish in KOH. Caulocystidia numerous, 10.0–32.6 × 6.7–7.8 µm, cylindrical, irregular in outline, obtuse, thin- or slightly thick-walled, hyaline, inamyloid. Clamp connections present in all tissues. Habitat and distribution: In the Russian Federation it was recorded at one locality, in a small group on litter in a mixed forest. Also known from New Caledonia and Northern Thailand, scattered to gregarious on dicotyledonous leaves (Wannathes et al. 2009b). Specimens examined: RUSSIAN FEDERATION. Primorsky Territory: KPNR, watershed of Ananjevka and Gryaznaya rivers, mixed forest (Quercus mongolica, Carpinus cordata, Abies holophylla) with deciduous dominants, 43º24′19″ N, 131º32′43″ E, 28 Aug. 2011, T. Svetasheva (LE 95978!), GenBank KF912952 for ITS, KF896249 for nrLSU. Observations: Morphological features of our specimen correspond in general aspects to the description of M. ochroleucus given by N. Wannathes and co-authors (Wannathes et al. 2009b). However, it was found that the basidiospores of the Russian specimens are slightly wider (Q m = 2.05 vs. Q m = 2.5), and cheilocystidia are on average also wider (6.0–10.2 µm vs. 4.0–6.0 µm wide) and mostly clavate. The genetic distance between the Russian and Tai ITS sequences is 3.9%. This value slightly exceeds the average level of intraspecific ITS variability in Basidiomycota (3.33%) (Nilsson et al. 2008). However no studies concerning the intraspecific ITS variability of Marasmius species have been carried out yet. Until further material of this taxon is collected in the studied territory, sequenced and compared with other known specimens, we preliminarily identify our specimen as M. cf. ochroleucus., Published as part of Kiyashko, Anna A., Malysheva, Ekaterina F., Antonín, Vladimír, Svetasheva, Tatiana Yu. & Bulakh, Eugenia M., 2014, Fungi of the Russian Far East 2. New species and new records of Marasmius and Cryptomarasmius (Basidiomycota), pp. 1-28 in Phytotaxa 186 (1) on pages 13-14, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.186.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5146883, {"references":["Wannathes, N., Desjardin, D. E., Hyde, K. D., Perry, B. A. & Lumyong, S. (2009 b) A monograph of Marasmius (Basidiomycota) from Northern Thailand based on morphological and molecular (ITS sequences) data. Fungal Diversity 37: 209 - 306.","Nilsson, R. H., Kristiansson, E., Ryberg, M., Hallenberg, N., Larsson, K. - H. (2008) Infraspecific ITS variability in the kingdom Fungi as expressed in the International sequence databases and its implications for molecular species identification. Evolutionary Bioinformatics 4: 193 - 201."]}

Marasmius occultatiformis Antonín, R. Ryoo & H.D. Shin (2012: 616) (Fig. 2G, Fig. 7) Pileus 8–15(20) mm in diam., hemispherical to convex with low obtuse umbo at first, then more or less plane, slightly rugulose or pitted at centre, margin inflexed, not or only slightly translucently striate, dry, not hygrophanous, pruinose, finely tomentose, cadmium orange, deep orange to brownish or reddish orange (5A8, 6A8-C8, 7B8-C8) at centre, slightly paler to light orange (5A5) towards margin. Lamellae adnexed or emarginate with small tooth, moderately close, whitish to cream, with concolorous or brownish orange edge. Stipe 25–45 × 1–2 mm, cylindrical, slightly broadened downward, cartilaginous, glabrous, lustrous, whitish at the top, reddish brown to dark brown below, basal tomentum sparse, whitish or yellowish. Odour and taste indistinct. Basidiospores 6.5–10.8(11.0) × 3.1–4.8 µm, χ m = 8.3±1.0 × 4.0±0.4 µm, Q = (1.5)1.7–2.9 (3.7), Q m = 2.1±0.3, n = 10–20, s = 3 (mature specimens); smooth, ellipsoid-fusoid, slightly lacrimoid, hyaline, thin-walled, inamyloid. Basidia 2- and 4-spored (often both in a single basidiome), 20.6–31.1 × 6.8–7.7 µm, sparse. Cheilocystidia in the form of Siccus - type broom cells, (9.8)10.4–28.5 × 4.0–7.3 µm, clavate, (sub)cylindrical, sometimes wavy in outline, more or less thick-walled, with projections 3.1–15.0 µm, rarely up to 20 µm long, tortuous to nodulose, obtuse, thick-walled. One specimen (LE 289489) also has scattered, smooth thin-walled elements, 13.0–15.5 × 3.8–6.8 µm in size, at the lamellae edge. Pleurocystidia absent. Pileipellis a hymeniderm composed of Siccus - type broom cells, (11.7)13.5–32.0 × 4.5–9.0(11.2) µm, clavate, subcylindrical, slightly to distinctly tortuous, sometimes lobed, more or less thin-walled at base, thick-walled at apex, mixed with scattered entirely thick-walled ones, projections predominantly 3.5–8.5 µm long, rarely up to 20 µm, tortuous to nodulose, thick-walled; all thick-walled parts yellow-brown in KOH. Stipitipellis a cutis of cylindrical, parallel, slightly thick-walled, minutely incrusted hyphae, with brown walls in KOH. Caulocystidia absent. One specimen (LE 295974) has sparse thick-walled branched elements at the apex of the stipe, but this feature does not seem to be typical of this species. Clamp connections present in all tissues. FIGURE. Microscopic features of Marasmius occultatiformis (LE 295973). A. Spores. B. Basidia. C. Cheilocystidia. D. Pileipellis cells.―Scale bar = 10 μm. Habitat and distribution: Solitary or in small groups on needle-leaf litter in different types of mixed forest with Pinus koraiensis and various broadleaved trees. In the Russian Federation distributed from East Siberia (Jewish Autonomous Region) and Moneron Island (Sakhalin Region) to southern Sikhote-Alin and Manchurian mountain systems. Originally described from the Republic of Korea. Specimens examined: RUSSIAN FEDERATION. Jewish Autonomous Region: Bastak State Nature Reserve, Mt. Chernukha, mixed forest, on litter, 7 Sept. 2001, E. Bulakh (VLA M-16.439!); ibid., upper reaches of Ikura river, mixed forest, on litter, 11 Aug. 2006, E. Bulakh (VLA M-21.215!). Sakhalin Region: Moneron Island, Picea -forest, on litter, 22 Jul. 2004, V. Barkalov (VLA M-19639!). Primorsky Territory: UNR, vicinity of Peishula field reserve station, valley of Malaya Suvorovka river, mixed forest (Quercus mongolica, Pinus koraiensis, Acer spp., Abies nephrolepis, etc.), on needle-leaf detritus litter, 14 Aug. 2011, A. Kiyashko (LE 295973!); ibid., mixed forest, on litter, 15 Aug. 2011, V. Malysheva (LE 295975!); ibid., southern slope of Mt. Zmeinaya, mixed forest (Quercus mongolica, Pinus koraiensis, etc.), on needle-leaf litter, 43º38′26″ N, 132º33′19″ E, 17 Aug. 2011, A. Kiyashko (LE 295974!); ibid., near the peak of Mt. Zmeinaya, mixed forest (Quercus mongolica, Pinus koraiensis, Abies nephrolepis, Acer spp., Fraxinus sp., etc.), on leaf litter, 17 Aug. 2011, A. Kovalenko and E. Malysheva (LE 289489! LE 289490!); KPNR, right watershed of Anan’yevka and Gryaznaya rivers, at the middle stream, mixed forest (Pinus koraiensis, Abies spp., Acer spp., Carpinus cordata, Ulmus spp., etc.), on needle litter, 43º23′09″ N, 131º32′14″ E, 01 Sept. 2011, A. Kiyashko (LE 289491!); ibid., mixed forest, on litter and twigs, 43º23′08″ N, 131º32′13″ E, 01 Sept. 2011, N. Psurtseva (LE 289492!); ibid., mixed forest, on litter, 31 Aug. 2011, E. Malysheva (LE 295976!); ibid., plateau, mixed forest, on litter, 01 Sept. 2011, E. Malysheva (LE 295977!); vicinity of Vladivostok, Ocean Ridge, mixed forest, on litter, 09 Sept. 2013, E. Malysheva (LE 295995!). Observations: M. occultatiformis was described in 2012 based on a study of one specimen (BRNM 718674, holotype) collected in the Republic of Korea (Antonín et al. 2012a). The examination of our additional collections contributes to the knowledge of the morphological features and geographical distribution of this species. M. occultatiformis appears to be a species having medium-sized basidiocarps (up to 20 mm in diam.), with a non-sulcate but slightly rugulose or pitted pileus centre, dry, more or less monotonously coloured from bright orange to reddish or brownish orange; lamellae with a concolorous or orange-brown coloured edge; and a cartilaginous stipe deep reddish brown at base. Our observations revealed an appreciable variability in basidiospore dimensions [6.5–10.8(11) × 3.1– 4.8 µm], with slightly higher average dimensions and Q than given in the holotype description. Also the dimensions of the main body of the cheilocystidia can vary up to 28.5 µm. Other additional features observed in the new material and not mentioned in the holotype are the presence of dimorphous cheilocystidia (LE 289489) and caulocystidia in the upper part of the stipe in one specimen (LE 295974). Some studied specimens have 2-spored basidia mixed with 4-spored ones. In the course of the present work we generated 11 sequences of this species for the first time, which gave us a chance to study the relationships of M. occultatiformis with close taxa (Fig. 4). Based on morphological characters, the most similar species is Marasmius abundans Corner, but it differs from M. occultatiformis by having a paler coloured, greyish orange to golden yellow pileus and considerably larger basidiospores (12–18 × 4–5 µm) (Antonín et al. 2012a). However in the ITS phylogenetic tree (Fig. 4), these species are located in different clades but without any reliable statistical support. The ITS pairwise distance between them is rather high (3.4–4.5%), which confirms the independence of these two taxa. The northernmost collections were made in Bastak State Nature Reserve (East Siberia, Jewish Autonomous Region) at 48°56′ N, 133°07′ E situated in a rather severe monsoonal climate. All Russian specimens were predominantly collected in mixed forests with Pinus koraiensis and needle-leaf litter., Published as part of Kiyashko, Anna A., Malysheva, Ekaterina F., Antonín, Vladimír, Svetasheva, Tatiana Yu. & Bulakh, Eugenia M., 2014, Fungi of the Russian Far East 2. New species and new records of Marasmius and Cryptomarasmius (Basidiomycota), pp. 1-28 in Phytotaxa 186 (1) on pages 16-18, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.186.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5146883, {"references":["Antonin, V., Ryoo, R. & Shin, H. D. (2012 a) Marasmioid and gymnopoid fungi of the Republic of Korea. 4. Marasmius sect. Sicci. Mycological Progress 11 (3): 614 - 638. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 11557 - 011 - 0773 - y"]}

Agrocybe pediades is a rather widespread species mentioned in many Russian regional check-lists. However, there is no agreement among different authors concerning the volume of this species. Some of them recognize single polymorphic species A. pediades with several intraspecies groups. In this case Agrocybe arenicola, A. semiorbicularis and A. subpediades are accepted as synonyms of A. pediades. Under another above-listed species are considered as a group of close but separate taxa. In this research the representatives of A. pediades species complex collected in different parts of Russia have been studied using both molecular and morphological techniques. The analysis of nrITS1-5.8-ITS2 regions has revealed one large well supported clade consisting of specimens labeled before this study as Agrocybe arenicola, A. pediades, A. semiorbicularis and A. subpediades. This clade was characterized by the absence of the reliable morphological differences between included collections. The obtained results correspond to the wide species concept of A. pediades. Several small subclades have been also revealed inside the main clade. Most of them were inconstant with low bootstrap support in NJ, MP and ML analyses. They were shown to belong presumably to A. pediades var. pediades. One subclade recovered in all analyses with high bootstrap support was characterized by some distinct morphological features and was considered afterwards as a new variety of A. pediades – var. bispora. Therefore, all known so far Russian collections belong to A. pediades var. pediades and A. pediades var. bispora.