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The likely effects on car commuters of enforcing congestion charging using the link-based corridor method include that they may shift to public transport, divert their route of travel, or decide not to travel to the related area. However, most recent research has focused mainly on the choice of modes. This paper examined the travel choices of private car commuters resulting from the congestion charging scheme set to be implemented in Jakarta, Indonesia. The scheme is intended to replace the current odd-even strategy. It is imperative to study all possible mutually exclusive alternatives faced by car commuters. A web-based e-survey was used for data collection, employing the stated preference method. The discrete choice multinomial logit model was chosen to analyze the data. A total of 401 of the 2125 respondents to the e-survey questionnaire link, evenly distributed to all areas of Greater Jakarta, were sampled in this study. The sample respondents who traveled by car, passing through the eight designated corridors, were analyzed. NLOGIT6 software was used to analyze the parameter of attributes, the probability of alternatives chosen, and the marginal effects of congestion charging on such corridors, employing the multinomial logit model (MNLM). One surprising finding was that the load factor and taxi fares were not significant, indicating that the level of in-vehicle overcrowding is not a concern of respondents, and taxi services are not a substitute for car travel. Another surprising finding was that income variables and job type do not significantly influence travel behavior. In terms of the probability of commuters to continue to travel by car when link-based congestion charging is imposed, only around half of the car travelers were willing to pay the congestion levy and pass through congestion charging corridors. The probability of car travelers diverting onto alternative roads is high, i.e., around 16.82% to 22.88%, while the probability of car travelers shifting to mass transportation is 17.69%. When interpreting direct marginal effects, there is a change in the probability of all travelers choosing to use private cars through the congestion charging corridor of −0.0338, or a decrease of −3.38% for every IDR 1000 increase in the congestion charging levy rate, ceteris paribus.

The transformation of the library into a center of activity has been initiated in several libraries in Indonesia. Abroad, libraries as market places that provide co-working space services have begun to be implemented. This trend is in line with the increasing number of freelancers, the increasing number of business startups that do not need a permanent place to work or are nomadic. The PDDI LIPI Jakarta Library has a great opportunity to become a co-working space. As a form of support for the level of community literacy, co-working space business is not limited to work places and facilities, but is also supported by access to scientific information to support their duties and work. This paper analyzes co-working space business plans and scientific information services in the Jakarta Area library in terms of SWOT analysis, product and competitor advantages, service diversification and market segmentation, marketing plans and budgeting plans. This paper uses a descriptive method in delivering the analysis.

This paper investigates the relationship among digital financial literacy (DFL), current saving behavior, current spending behavior, and foresight of future spending and saving behavior among Indon...

PurposeThis study investigates the effect of digital technology adoption on labor demand in the Indonesian banking sector.Design/methodology/approachThis research uses bank-level survey data obtained from the Indonesia Financial Service Authority (OJK) for the period 2010–2017 using semiannual data. This research applies a panel data method using a fixed effect model.FindingsThis study results show that technology adoption affects labor demand significantly in all Commercial Bank Based on Business Activities (BUKU) levels of banks. Technology adoption tends to be a substitute for labor in BUKU I, BUKU II and BUKU III banks in the support and business units. In addition, technology adoption complements labor only in the business unit in BUKU IV banks.Research limitations/implicationsThis research uses a sample of only 40 banks at the regulatory levels of BUKU I, BUKU II, BUKU III and BUKU IV. These 40 banks account for more than 80% of the assets in the Indonesian banking sector.Originality/valueLiterature investigating the effect of the adoption of digital technology on labor demand in the banking sector is still rare in the Indonesian economy. Most of the previous research limited its area of study to the manufacturing industry. This research makes a vital contribution in measuring the adoption of digital technology and its effect on labor demand in the banking sector using the BUKU level classifications of banks.

Generally, migration is the movement of a person from one to another region. Besides that, several factors may cause migration such as uneven economic and educational development. This study aims to discover the factors of educational migration, particularly in Indonesia. This study carried out Indonesian Family Life Surveys (IFLS) microdata; however, the IFLS divides into IFLS wave 3 (2000), IFLS wave 4 (2007), and IFLS wave 5 (2014). Hence, the total sample of the study is 1.878 people. In addition, The Logistics Regression Model or Logit Model analysis technique is used in this study. This study found that educational migration factors are influenced by personal consumption expenditure (PCE), geographical conditions, gender, high school education, university education, age, religion, cognitive ability, father's educational background (High School and university), mother's educational background (High School and university), and the province of origin. To sum up, the future welfare of a person is influenced by educational migration. Received: 8 August 2022 / Accepted: 10 October 2022 / Published: 5 November 2022

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the technical efficiency (TE) of micro and small enterprises (MSEs) and its determinants in the Indonesian manufacturing sector covering comprehensive subsectors. Design/methodology/approach This research uses the data from the micro and small industry survey sourced from the Indonesian Bureau of Central Statistics for the period 2010–2015. The TE is estimated using data envelopment analysis (DEA) with bootstrapping approach. The TE is also estimated at the firm-level survey data, classified at the five-digit level of the International Standard Industrial Classification system. In addition, a truncated regression model is applied to estimate the effects of the determinants on the TE. Findings This research finds that there is a low average TE of the MSEs for the subsectors investigated. It is also found that the TE is associated with firm size, location, export orientations on domestic and world markets, firm age, level of technology, and owner education. Originality/value The literature investigating the TE of the MSEs and its determinants is still rare in Indonesia. Most of the previous research limited the studies for specific subsectors and/or specific small regions. Therefore, this research has a contribution in measuring the TE of the MSEs for comprehensive subsectors as well as its relation with the determinants in the Indonesian manufacturing sector. Also, the DEA with bootstrapping approach is applied to estimate the TE of the firms based on each relevant subsector, which is rare in the previous research of the Indonesian MSEs.

This research investigates dynamic productivity growth and its determinants in the Indonesian food and beverages industry decomposing dynamic productivity growth into the contributions of d...

This research investigates the persistence of price–cost margin (PCM) and technical efficiency (TE) of firms and the relation between these two factors in 44 subsectors of the Indonesian food and b...

This research investigates the relation between research and development (R&D) expenditure and the industrial concentration in the Indonesian manufacturing industry. Pooled least square dummy variable is applied to estimate the relation between the two variables. This research uses firm-level data taken from the survey of the manufacturing industry sourced from the Indonesian Bureau of Central Statistics. This research makes contributions in calculating the percentage of R&D expenditure using the recent data and freshly estimating the relation between R&D and industrial concentration in the industry. This research finds that the percentage of R&D expenditure is relatively low in the industry. There is also a declining trend in the percentage of the R&D expenditure from the period 1994–1995 to 2017. The higher industrial concentration increases the percentage of R&D expenditure. This research also finds that R&D expenditure can be higher in the firms with market power.

This research investigates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on foreign direct investment. This research also studies the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) and the gross domestic product (GDP). This research employs a local projection estimation to calculate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on foreign direct investment. The panel vector autoregression is applied to estimate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the relationship between FDI and GDP. This research finds variations in the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on FDI among economic sectors in Indonesia. Moreover, the relationship between FDI and GDP is affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.

This research investigates trends and conditional convergence of industrial concentration and price-cost margin in 410 subsectors of the Indonesian manufacturing industry. This study uses firm (establishment) level survey data provided by the Indonesian Bureau of Central Statistics (BPS) in the period 1980–2011. The conditional convergence model is employed using four-year intervals. This research finds that the industrial concentration and price-cost margin are relatively high for most of the subsectors. Moreover, the Indonesian manufacturing industry is classified as a tight oligopoly structure. This research also reveals that the industrial concentration and price-cost margin for all subsectors tend to converge to the same value in the long run. The competition law supports the convergence of the industrial concentration and price-cost margin for the subsectors. This research concludes that the higher industrial concentration can create a higher market power in the industry.

This paper investigates the relationship between industrial concentration and price rigidity in the Indonesian food and beverages industry. A Cournot model of firm behavior is used in which prices adjust according to a partial adjustment mechanism. The model is applied to panel data of the Indonesian food and beverages industry over the period 1995–2006. The results suggest that industrial concentration has a positive effect on percentage price changes. Furthermore, the speed of price adjustment is higher when the per unit cost of production rises.

This study separates market-power effect from that of cost-efficiency effect of changes in industrial concentration and investigates their impact on output price in the Indonesian banking sector. The conduct parameter and market elasticity are also estimated in this research. This research uses the data of banks from the Indonesia Financial Services Authority (OJK) for the period from 2005 to 2016. The generalised method of moment (GMM) is applied to estimate the market power and the cost efficiency effects based on the industry-supply model and the demand equation. This research reveals that the market-power effect combined with the cost-inefficiency effect increase the output price when the industrial concentration increases. This suggests that policy makers evaluate the consolidation of the banks that may increase the industrial concentration.

This research investigates technical efficiency and its effect on the decision to exit of the dairy farms in Sukabumi district, West Java, Indonesia. Farm-level data obtained from survey are used to estimate the technical efficiency using a bootstrapped data envelopment analysis. The results show that dairy farms in Sukabumi are technically inefficient. The technical efficiency also has a negative effect on the decision to exit. This implies that the dairy farms with higher technical efficiency scores tend to have lower probabilities to exit from the business.

This research investigates technical efficiencies of Indonesian banks operating regionally and nationally pre- and post-financial crisis in 2008. The data envelopment analysis (DEA) with bootstrapping approach is applied to estimate the technical efficiency. This study uses 119 banks listed in the Indonesian Central Bank of Indonesia and Financial Service Authority (OJK) with period from 2005 to 2014. Following the role of the banks, the technical efficiency is estimated using an intermediation approach. The results show that the banks are technically inefficient, on average. Overall, the average technical efficiency of the regional banks is lower than the non-regional banks. Also, there are significant differences of the technical efficiencies of the regional, non-regional and all banks between pre and post-financial crisis. Further, the differences of the technical efficiencies between regional and non-regional banks are significant only in all periods and post-financial crisis. In addition, the regional banks operating in the Java islands have higher average technical efficiency compared to the regional banks operating outside the Java island, although the difference is only significant in the period before the financial crisis.

This paper investigates the role of information technology in its contribution toward the competitiveness of micro, small and medium enterprises. The data used in the analysis is based on a survey of micro, small and medium enterprises in Cimahi District, West Java Province, Indonesia. Variables to measure the degree of adoption of information technology, competitiveness, and other control latent variables are constructed by Factor Analysis using various relevant indicators. Path Analysis is also undertaken to investigate the effect of the adoption of information technology on competitiveness. It found that there is a lack of use of information technologies among the micro, small and medium enterprises surveyed. The information technologies are used for some purposes such as administration, marketing, production, and other activities related to the business. We also found the adoption of information technology has a positive contribution to competitiveness.

This article employs the Structure–Conduct–Performance (SCP) paradigm to investigate the simultaneous relationship between industrial concentration, price rigidity, technical efficiency, and price-cost margin in the Indonesian food and beverages industry. This research extends the SCP framework by including price rigidity and technical efficiency as additional key variables. The results suggest that there is a simultaneous relationship between industrial concentration, price rigidity, technical efficiency, and price-cost margin with a positive bi-directional relationship between industrial concentration and price-cost margin. These findings imply that an appropriate course of action for the regulator in this highly concentrated industry is to reduce industrial concentration in order to increase competition, reduce upward price flexibility, and increase technical efficiency in the long run.

This paper investigates the relationship between technical efficiency and industrial concentration in the Indonesian food and beverages sector. Firm-level data obtained from the Indonesian Bureau of Central Statistics (BPS) are used to estimate technical efficiency scores and calculate measures of industrial concentration. The results show that the food and beverages industry is characterized by high industrial concentration and firms in the industry are inefficient. The Granger-causality test suggests a one-way direction of causality, with industrial concentration having a negative impact on technical efficiency, at the sector level. This suggests that the quiet-life hypothesis, rather than the efficient-structure hypothesis, applies to the Indonesian food and beverages industry.

International audience; This paper investigates trends in industrial concentration and its relationship with the price-cost margin in 54 subsectors of the Indonesian food and beverages sector in the period 1995-2006. This study uses firm-level survey data provided by the Indonesian Bureau of Central Statistics (BPS), classified at the five-digit International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) Level. The results show a significant increase in industrial concentration in 1995 to 1999, which coincided with the period of the economic crisis in Indonesia. After 1999, the industrial concentration exhibits a slightly decreasing long-term trend. Furthermore, the industrial concentration for all subsectors tends to converge to the same value in the long run. Additionally, results show that higher industrial concentration yields a higher price-cost margin. Finally, the introduction of the competition law in 1999 has slightly lowered industrial concentration and the price-cost margin. Keywords: industrial concentration, price-cost margin, competition law, food and beverages sector

Keywords: industrial concentration, price rigidity, technical efficiency, price-cost margin, Structure-Conduct-Performance (SCP), new empirical industrial organization (NEIO), Indonesian food and beverages industry, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), system of equations The Indonesian food and beverages industry contributes significantly to the Indonesian GDP and is an important provider of employment. However, this industry is characterized by high industrial concentration which may affect pricing and performance. The objective of this thesis is to examine market structure, price rigidity, and performance as well as their relationship in the Indonesian food and beverages industry. To investigate the relationship between market structure, price rigidity, and performance, this research uses two main frameworks: Structure-Conduct-Performance (SCP) and new empirical industrial organization (NEIO). This thesis uses firm-level (establishment) data of 59 subsectors of the food and beverages industry sourced from the manufacturing survey of the Bureau of Central Statistics (BPS) over the period 1995-2006. Econometric methods and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) are used to address the overall objective. Empirical results show that industrial concentration converges to the same value across subsectors in the long run. Seven years after the introduction of the competition law in 1999, industrial concentration and price-cost margin are still high. Industrial concentration has a positive effect on the price-cost margin. Besides stopping the upward trend of the price-cost margin, the introduction of the 1999 competition law reduced the effect of industrial concentration on the price-cost margin. The results also suggest that there is only a one-way relationship between industrial concentration and technical efficiency with industrial concentration affecting technical efficiency negatively. Furthermore, this thesis finds evidence that high industrial concentration increases price flexibility with the speed of price adjustment being higher when costs go up than down in the concentrated subsectors. Finally, the results show that there is a simultaneous relationship between industrial concentration, price rigidity, technical efficiency, and price-cost margin. A bi-directional relationship between industrial concentration and price-cost margin was found.