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This article is devoted to the global output‐feedback stabilization of nonlinear systems with unknown control directions and unmeasured states dependent growth whose rate is an unknown arbitrary function of output. In view of limited capability of continuous feedback in compensating system uncertainties and nonlinearities, a novel switching adaptive scheme is proposed. The scheme involves a logic‐based switching mechanism, based on which, a proper controller is selected (from a family of candidate controllers) to act on the system during its execution interval. The main differences between the proposed scheme and those in the related works are as follows. First, the set of candidate controllers is determined online, rather than specified in advance, which provides foundations for compensating arbitrary function‐of‐output growth rate. Second, an iterative function composed of system memory signals is introduced into the switching mechanism, aiming to evaluate the differences between the system states and observe states. Finally, when switching stops, only by introducing an extra transformation and adopting elaborate analysis, can the boundedness of the closed‐loop system signals be obtained, rather than those in the related works where the boundedness can be naturally established once switching stops. The constructed switching adaptive controller guarantees that all the signals of the resulting closed‐loop system are bounded and ultimately converge to zero. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This article is devoted to the global practical tracking for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems. Notably, the input powers of the system are unknown and not required to be upper bounded by known constants. This means the presence of new type of serious uncertainties, which makes the problem under investigation largely challenging and urges us to develop a new powerful adaptive control scheme, particularly the compensation strategy to overcome the negative influence caused by the uncertainties. For this, a dual high‐gain‐based adaptive control design scheme is proposed, in which a dynamic high gain and a high gain function are jointly introduced to compensate the serious system uncertainties. Under the designed controller, all the signals of the resulting closed‐loop system are bounded and furthermore the tracking error remains any prescribed small after a finite time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is devoted to the global output-feedback stabilisation for a class of nonlinear systems with inherent nonlinearities and coarse disturbance. Remarkably, the disturbance may be non-periodic, non-differentiable and/or of unknown magnitude, and hence some critical requirements on the disturbance in the existing related literature are successfully removed. Recognising that the strategies of disturbance compensation, such as internal model principle, sliding mode control method, learning method and active disturbance rejection control method, are quite hard or even impossible to apply, a time-varying design scheme is developed in the paper. Moreover, the serious unknowns and time-variations reflected in the growth rate of the system are also dealt with by the proposed scheme. By designing a time-varying output-feedback controller, all the signals of the resulting closed-loop system are globally bounded, and the original system state and the observer state ultimately converge to zero. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This paper is devoted to the global stabilization and practical tracking for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems. The presence of unknown powers and serious parameter unknowns makes the systems in question essentially different from those in the related works. By skillfully combining adaptive technique and adding a power integrator, two novel adaptive state-feedback controllers are successfully designed to achieve global stabilization and practical tracking, respectively. Remarkably, the typical feature of the two controllers lies in the introduction of the adaptive dynamic and the terms of lower and higher powers (with respect to the unknown system powers), which makes the controller powerful enough to compensate the serious parameter unknowns and the unknown powers of the system. Finally, simulation examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the designed controllers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

System nonlinearities, immeasurableness, and uncertainties (especially their coupling/coexistence) have constantly challenged the control design, which requires the controller to be powerful enough to counteract the resulting negative effects. In this paper, a global adaptive output-feedback controller is designed for uncertain nonlinear systems. The proposed controller is of switching type, in which the design parameters are online adjusted on the basis of a switching logic in a recursive manner. This makes the controller powerful enough to compensate the system unknowns and dominate the system nonlinearities and therefore be applicable to a rather wide range of systems. Remarkably, our strategy allows the coexistence of an unknown control direction and unmeasured state--dependent growth but which are substantially excluded in the related literature.An example of the single-link robot arm systemis provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with the finite-time tracking for linear and nonlinear systems, with respect to the reference signal (to be tracked by the system state) obeying some uniformity. Before the control design of finite-time tracking, an interesting and basic problem is whether or not such control exists for the system concerned. This paper aims to this basic problem. First, the sufficient and necessary conditions on finite-time tracking are proposed for linear systems. Such conditions are then extended to those for affine nonlinear systems. It should be pointed out that the sufficient and necessary conditions proposed in the paper essentially reveal the relationship between the structure of the linear/nonlinear systems and the existence of the finite-time tracking control. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper considers the global stabilization via time-varying output-feedback for a class of high-order uncertain nonlinear systems with rather weak assumptions. Essentially different from the existing literature, the systems under investigation simultaneously have more serious nonlinearities, unknowns, immeasurableness, and time-variations, which are indicated from the unknown time-varying control coefficients and the higher-order and lower-order unmeasured states dependent growth with the rate of unknown function of time and output. Recognizing that adaptive technique is quite hard to apply, a time-varying design scheme is proposed by combining time-varying approach, certainty equivalence principle and homogeneous domination approach. One key point in the design scheme is the selection of the design functions of time, in order to compensate/capture the serious unknowns and serious time-variations, and another one is the design of a time-varying observer to rebuild the unmeasured system states. With the appropriate choice of the involved design functions, the designed controller makes all the signals of the closed-loop system globally bounded and ultimately converge to zero. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the global adaptive stabilisation via switching and learning strategies for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems. Remarkably, the systems in question simultaneously have unknown control directions, unknown input disturbance and unknown growth rate, which makes the problem in question challenging to solve and essentially different from those in the existing literature. To solve the problem, an adaptive scheme via switching and learning is proposed by skilfully integrating the techniques of backstepping design, adaptive learning and adaptive switching. One key point in the design scheme is the introduction of the learning mechanism, in order to compensate the unknown input disturbance, and the other one is the design of the switching mechanism, through tuning the design parameters online to deal with the unknown control directions, unknown bound and period of input disturbance and unknown growth rate. The designed controller guarantees that all the signals of the resulting closed-loop systems are bounded, and furthermore, the closed-loop system states globally converge to zero. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the global output-feedback stabilization for a class of uncertain time-varying nonlinear systems. The remarkable structure of the systems is the presence of uncertain control coefficients and unmeasured states dependent growth whose rate is inherently time-varying and of unknown polynomial-of-output, and consequently the systems have heavy nonlinearities, serious uncertainties/unknowns and serious time-variations. This forces us to explore a time-varying plus adaptive methodology to realize the task of output-feedback stabilization, rather than a purely adaptive one. Detailedly, based on a time-varying observer and transformation, an output-feedback controller is designed by skillfully combining adaptive technique, time-varying technique and well-known backstepping method. It is shown that, with the appropriate choice of the design parameters/functions, all the signals of the closed-loop system are bounded, and furthermore, the original system states globally converge to zero. It is worth mentioning that, the heavy nonlinearities are compensated by an updating law, while the serious unknowns and time-variations are compensated by a time-varying function. The designed controller is still valid when the system has an additive input disturbance which, essentially different from those studied previously, may not be periodic or bounded by any known constant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This article is devoted to global adaptive stabilization for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems. Notably, the systems under investigation admit unknown control directions and unknown input powers, and particularly the latter, which are a new type of system uncertainties, largely challenge the feasibility of continuous feedbacks. This spurs us to pursue a switching adaptive feedback which is actual a discontinuous one with high feedback capability. To solve the control problem, a parameterized controller in a specified form is first introduced, which can globally stabilize the system once the design parameter involved belongs to a certain set. However, the controller cannot directly be implemented since the set depends heavily on the unknown input powers. To make the parameterized controller implementable, a new switching strategy is delicately proposed, which can instantly update the parameters of the controller to compensate the serious system uncertainties. It turns out that the parameterized controller with switching updating mechanism guarantees that all the signals of the closed‐loop system are globally bounded and ultimately converge to zero. Simulation examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed design scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers the global stabilization for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems with unknown powers, unknown control directions, and unknown nonlinearities. Mainly due to the presence of the unknown powers which have not known upper bound, no existing methods are applicable to the control problem to be solved. In this paper, to compensate the serious system uncertainties and particularly to overcome the major obstruction from unknown powers, we appeal to the mechanism of switching adaptive feedback. By flexibly combining the domination and the method of adding a power integrator, we propose a new adaptive controller design, whose design parameters are tuned online based on a switching logic. The designed controller will become operative as long as finite switchings happen and will not lead to Zeno phenomenon, and can guarantee the global boundedness as well as ultimate convergence of the resulting closed-loop system. Two numerical examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed design scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, finite-time consensus tracking is investigated via time-varying feedback for uncertain nonlinear multi-agent systems (NMASs). The presence of inherent uncertainties and disturbances in the NMASs highlights the main novelty : (1) The inherent uncertainties imply that more serious unknowns and time-variations are allowed in the nonlineartities and the control coefficients of the NMASs. (2) The inherent disturbances mean that the upper bound of the disturbances is unknown. To compensate the inherent uncertainties and disturbances, time-varying protocols are proposed by integrating time-varying technique and sliding mode method. Based on the proposed protocols, the finite-time leader-following consensus and finite-time containment are achieved under directed graph. Finally, the validation of the proposed protocols is verified by two examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers the global output-feedback stabilisation for power integrator systems with unknown control direction. The presence of uncontrollable and unobservable linearisation renders the strategy based on Nussbaum function rather difficult (even impossible) to compensate the unknown control direction. In this paper, to dominate the inherent nonlinearities and unknowns, a powerful switching strategy is proposed by combining an output-feedback scheme and a switching mechanism. First, a special case with known control direction is considered to provide a basic structure and selection rules of design parameters for the expected controller, and then, the essential case with unknown control direction is investigated to build a suitable switching logic to online tune the design parameters. The proposed switching-type output-feedback controller guarantees that all the system signals are globally bounded and ultimately converge to zero. A numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This paper is devoted to the global stabilization via output feedback for a class of nonlinear systems with unknown relative degree, dynamics uncertainties, unknown control direction, and nonparametric uncertain nonlinearities. In particular, the unknown relative degree is without known upper bound, which renders us to research for a filter with varying dimension rather than the ones with over dimensions in the existing literature. In comparison with more popular but a bit stronger input‐to‐state stable or input‐to‐state practically stable requirement, only bounded‐input bounded‐state stable requirement is imposed on the dynamics uncertainties, which affect the systems in a persistent intensity rather than in a decaying one. In this paper, to compensate multiple serious system uncertainties and realize global output‐feedback stabilization, a design scheme via switching logic together with varying dimensional filter is developed. In this scheme, 2 switching sequences, which separately generate the gains of the controller and act as the varying dimensions of the filter, are designed to overcome unknown control direction, dynamics uncertainties and nonparametric uncertain nonlinearities, and unknown relative degree, respectively. A 2‐mass lumped‐parameter structure is provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed method in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with the leader-following consensus for a class of uncertain nonlinear multi-agent systems (NMASs) with rather coarse input disturbances, unknown control coefficients and unknown Lipschitz rate. The essential unknowns render the existing compensation strategies inapplicable and motivate us to explore a new one. First, a time-varying strategy is developed to compensate the essential unknowns, where a suitable design function of time is introduced so that the unknowns can be overtaken by the design function as time increases. Then, distributed time-varying consensus protocols are designed and the leader-following consensus is achieved. When essential time-variations exist, the designed consensus protocols are still valid if the involved design function of time is replaced by a new one. Two examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a hybrid metaheuristic optimization algorithm for solving economic dispatch problems in power systems. The proposed algorithm, based on bat algorithm, combines chaotic map and random black hole model together. Chaotic map is used to prevent premature convergence, and the random black hole model is helpful not only in avoiding premature convergence, but also in increasing the global search ability, enlarging exploitation area and accelerating convergence speed. The pseudocode and related parameters of the proposed algorithm are also given in this paper. Different from other related works, the costs of conventional thermal generators and random wind power are both included in the cost function because of the increasing penetration of wind power. The proposed algorithm has no requirement on the convexity or continuous differentiability of the cost function, although the effect on fuel cost, caused by the underestimation and overestimation of wind power, is included. This makes it feasible to take more practical nonlinear constraints into account, such as prohibited operating zones and ramp rate limits. Three test cases are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economic dispatch can promote the economic operation of power systems, and reactive power dispatch can ensure the safe and reliable operation of power systems. Essentially different from the related literature with separately optimizing the two dispatches, this paper proposes the collaborative optimization strategy of dynamic grid dispatch to optimize economic dispatch and reactive power dispatch simultaneously. The strategy is devoted to analyzing the internal relationship of the two dispatches, and establishing a collaborative optimization model to complete the collaborative optimization of the two dispatches. Moreover, multi-objective hybrid bat algorithm is improved by an unbalanced power distribution method, which is suitable to solve dynamic grid dispatch problem. Finally, wind power predicted by neural network is integrated in the collaborative optimization of dynamic grid dispatch, and the influence of wind power integration on grid dispatch is studied. The numerical examples on the IEEE 30-bus are provided to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]