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Objective: The risk of reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 has been rapidly increased with the circulation of concerns about variants. So, the aim of our study was to evaluate the factors that increase the risk of this reinfection in healthcare workers compared to those who have never been positive and those who have had only one positivity. Methods: A case-control study was carried out at the Teaching Hospital Policlinico Umberto I in Rome, Sapienza University of Rome, in the period between 6 March 2020 and 3 June 2022. Cases are healthcare workers who have developed a reinfection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, while controls were either healthcare workers who tested positive once or those who have never tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Results: 134 cases and 267 controls were recruited. Female gender is associated with a higher odds of developing reinfection (OR: 2.42; 95% CI: 1.38–4.25). Moreover, moderate or high alcohol consumption is associated with higher odds of reinfection (OR: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.19–1.87). Diabetes is also associated with higher odds of reinfection (OR: 3.45; 95% CI: 1.41–8.46). Finally, subjects with increased red blood cell counts have higher odds of reinfection (OR: 1.69; 95% CI: 1.21–2.25). Conclusion: From the prevention point of view, these findings indicate that particular attention should be paid to subjects with diabetes mellitus, women and alcoholic drinkers. These results could also suggest that contact tracing represents a fundamental approach model against the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, together with the health information of participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To find out frequency of cataract in seaside workers and possible factors associated to its development. Study Design: Cross sectional observational. Place and Duration of Study: Tyrrhenian coast of Tuscany (Italy), between Rosignano Marittimo and Cecina municipalities in July 2021. Methods: Ninety-eight seaside workers were selected through convenience sampling technique. All the working subjects selected for this study had a bilateral natural vision equal to or greater than 6/10 in the anamnestic data collection, declared they had not eye diseases in the past and rarely used protective glasses during their work. Results: The mean age of 98 outdoor workers is 40. Patients with the cataract are older than people without cataract (median 41 vs 38) (p < 0.001) and have a lower visual acuity (0.6 vs 0.7) (p < 0.001); stratifying by job, refraction state and Intra Ocular Pressure (IOP), there aren’t significant association with cataract. The multivariate analysis confirms that age and visual acuity are associated with the development of the cataract (OR 1.99 and 0.01, respectively). Conclusion: Although senile cataract is an age related disease but Visually significant cataract is seen in persons working outdoors for longer hours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Mini-Z is a questionnaire created to evaluate the levels of burnout in healthcare workers. It consists of 10 items rated using a 5-point Likert scale and one open question. It explores three outcomes (burnout, stress and satisfaction) and seven drivers of burnout (work control, work chaos, teamwork, values alignment with leadership, documentation time pressure, EMR use at home, and EMR proficiency). The aim of this study is to validate the Italian version of the Mini-Z, comparing it with the other most used scales., Materials and Methods: We recruited a sample of 120 healthcare professionals and administered all three questionnaires to each of them, after which we compared the answers and the scores of the results. A cross-sectional study among healthcare workers was conducted from May to July 2022. An online questionnaire was sent, by e-mail, to 120 healthcare workers (60.8% male, 39.2% female), aged between 18 and 60 years old (26.8% between 25 and 38 years old). They were invited to answer to an anonymous survey, consisting of three assessment instruments: Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI), Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and Mini-Z Inventory 2.0. The Mini-Z 2.0 is a new and easier tool to assess burnout syndrome, actually validated only in English. It was translated into Italian by reverse translation. Cronbach's Alpha coefficient, a statistical index, was used to assess its reliability. The last phase of the study compared the Mini-Z, the CBI and the MBI, by means of Pearson's coefficient, to highlight the Mini-Z's ability to be used for Burnout assessment., Results: The analysis of the results showed that 18.3% of the interviewed healthcare professionals scored equal (2.5%) or higher (15.8%) than 40. The average percentage value was 33.35%, with a standard deviation of 6.3%. This emphasises, therefore, that this portion of employees is more or less satisfied with their working environment. The remaining portion of employees, on the other hand, 81.7%, scored below 40, emphasising an unpleasant and unjoyful working environment., Discussion and Conclusions: Burnout is very common among employees and especially among healthcare workers and a routine assessment seems to be necessary to be able to prevent the syndrome. The Italian version of the Mini-Z includes ten items, is more user-friendly and aims to assess not only Burnout subscales, as in the previous tests, but also well-being factors and has applied a rigorous approach, including forward translation, back translation and cognitive debriefing.