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Within an ampler strategy of optimization of the cycle of the refusal and in line with the recommendations of the European Union within the sustainable development, the enhancement of the present resources present in the end life products a crucial point. In this context, the processes of reorganization of the service of removing of urban waste is framed, aim at differentiating of the fractions according to their composition. The regulations of the European Union identified some best practices that, contextualized to the local reality, allow the exploitation of the limitations and the potentialities in the reorganization of the service in Pavia area. Strategic objectives, however, can be achieved only through a process of sensitization of the community. Through a careful examination of the picked fractions, the economic, environmental and energetic values are underlined in order to share them with the citizens, to enhance their awareness about this topic., Vol 7, No 4 (2016): Issue 4/2016

The purpose of this work is to examine the economic and environmental sustainability of a laboratory that carries out the necessary analyses for biogas production from biomass. The results emerging from the Business Plan were related to the state of facilities existing in the Lombardia region. The limits and potentiality of the sector were identified by means of the BEP Model (Break Even Point) in the geographic area of reference. The most interesting final results have revealed both the undeniable potential of the sector and its strategic role within the framework of the sustainable energy objectives of Europe 20-20-20. The network of laboratories, in fact, constitutes a guarantee and an element of security for the effective reduction of greenhouse gases., Economia Aziendale Online, Vol 6, No 2 (2015): Issue 2/2015

The present thesis deals with structural changes of sulfur-containing proteins exposed to radiation and the damage induced by thiyl radicals (RS•) generated from these proteins to unsaturated lipids in large unilamellar vesicles (LUVET). In particular, the production of H• atoms under reductive stress conditions was correlated to the specific damage of sulphur moieties of analyzed proteins with release of low-molecular-weight thiols. In parallel, it was demonstrated that structural changes of -amyloid (A) induced by NO2• and CO3•– radicals, involved mainly the oxidation of the Met35. -Radiolysis was the source of oxidative damage in lipid vesicle suspensions (DOPC, POPC), in the presence of sulphur-containing either proteins (RNase A, lysozyme) or an amino acid (Met) that were used as source of thiyl radical damage occurring in vivo. Biomimetic models of thiyl radical–catalyzed isomerization of cis phospholipids, were used to demonstrate that when thiyl radicals are generated in the aqueous compartment and are able to diffuse in the lipid bilayer, then their interaction with unsaturated fatty acyl chains efficiently produces trans double bonds. Methionine could be the main source of thiyl radicals. Control experiments in the absence of sulphur-containing proteins (RNase T1) or by replacing sulphur-containing proteins with a protein lacking sulphur-containing amino acids, (histone H1), did not show any isomerization. The formation of thyil radicals by degradation of sulphur-containing amino acids could produces a tandem radical damage involving both protein and lipid domains.

The occurrence of tandem damage, due to reductive radical stress involving proteins and lipids, is shown by using a biomimetic model. It is made of unsaturated lipid vesicle suspensions in phosphate buffer in the presence of methionine, either as a single amino acid or as part of a protein such as RNase A, which contains four methionine residues. The radical process starts with the formation of H(.) atoms by reaction of solvated electrons with dihydrogen phosphate anions, which selectively attack the thioether function of methionine. The modification of methionine to alpha-aminobutyric acid is accompanied by the formation of thiyl radicals, which in turn cause the isomerization of the cis fatty acid residues to the trans isomers. The relationship between methionine modification and lipid damage and some details of the reductive radical stress obtained by proteomic analysis of irradiated RNase A are presented.