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The efficient utilization of carbon dioxide (CO2) as a resource, comprises three key processes: CO2 capture, catalytic conversion and product purification. Using the renewable electricity to drive these processes provides a promising pathway for mitigating the ever-increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration whilst simultaneously addressing the growing energy demand. Although each of the three individual processes has been extensively investigated during the past decade, the rapid and economically viable reduction of CO2 emissions still calls for the development of an integrated electrochemical system driven by the renewable electricity to achieve carbon neutrality. Herein, we report a systematic protocol to bridge the three individual CO2 utilization processes into one coupled electrochemical system: a bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BPMED) cell generating alkaline and acidic solutions for the capture and recovery of CO2, a flow cell with an Ag gas diffusion electrode (GDE) for the selective electrocatalytic reduction of the recovered CO2, and an alkaline solution container for the purification of the gaseous products and recycle of the unreacted CO2. Consequently, the coupled electrochemical system successfully captured CO2 from the simulated flue gas and converted it into a pure syngas stream.

The Deeplabv3+ network for semantic segmentation of remote sensing images has drawbacks like inaccurate edge segmentation and intra-class inconsistency in large-scale segmentation. The attention mechanism is a good solution to this problem. This paper integrates the dual attention mechanism module including spatial attention mechanism and channel attention mechanism (ISNet) into the network. Furthermore, the ISNet is added to both the encoder part and decoder part in the network. The newly proposed network is called DISNet. It can enhance target features and suppress background features, having the potential to improve semantic segmentation accuracy. The experimental results indicate that the Mean Intersection over Union (mIoU) of the Deepglobe dataset, GID dataset, and ISPRS test project (Vaihingen) dataset is respectively 64.22, 62.83, and 78.59%. Those results are 5.68, 4.80, and 6.20% higher than that of Deeplabv3+. The proposed network can effectively improve the accuracy of remote sensing land cover classification.

In the foot-mounted inertial pedestrian navigation system, the zero-velocity update (ZUPT) algorithm is an efficient way to bound the inertial error propagation. Therefore, a reliable and accurate zero-velocity detector (ZVD) that adapts to all kinds of locomotion and scenarios plays a vital role in achieving high-precision and long-term pedestrian navigation. The classical threshold-based ZVDs are susceptible to failures during dynamic locomotion due to the fixed threshold. Recent machine-learning-based ZVDs need a huge amount of data to support the model training and their generalization is limited in new testing scenarios. In this paper, we propose a novel adaptive ZVD using the optimal interval estimation. Two filters are used to process the angular rate, aiming at determining a gait cycle. In a gait cycle, the acceleration is mapped to the search space by a special convex function. Based on the features of the data in the search space, a zero-velocity benchmark is calculated for the following interval estimation. The zero-velocity benchmark and the hierarchical iterative search are used to estimate the optimal zero-velocity interval (ZVI). The experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and adaptability of this novel ZVD.

The title compound, (C12H16N2)2[PbBr6], is an organic–inorganic salt, with two doubly protonated N-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediammonium cations and one octahedral hexabromidoplumbate(II) anion. The PbII atom is located on a centre of inversion. The crystal structure consists of alternating inorganic and organic layers parallel to the bc plane. Face-to-face aromatic stacking interactions [centroid–centroid distance = 3.505 (5) Å] occur between parallel naphthalene systems in the organic layers, and N—H...Br hydrogen bonds between the cations and anions stabilize the crystal structure.

The purpose of this experiment was to explore the effects of different dietary lysine to arginine ratio (L:A) on the growth performance, muscle fiber development and muscle quality of Megalobrama amblycephala. 300 healthy M. amblycephala with an average initial weight of 41.49 ± 0.78 g were randomly divided into 5 groups with 4 replicates in each group. The 8-week breeding experiment was carried out with 5 levels of L:A (2.00, 1.50, 1.00, 0.67 and 0.50). The results showed that final body weight (FBW) and weight gain rate (WGR) increased significantly in the group with dietary L:A= 1.00 (P

Phosphate (Pi) transporters play critical roles in Pi acquisition and homeostasis. However, currently little is known about these genes in oil crops. In this study, we aimed to characterize the five Pi transporter gene families (PHT1-5) in allotetraploid Brassica napus. We identified and characterized 81 putative PHT genes in B. napus (BnaPHTs), including 45 genes in PHT1 family (BnaPHT1s), four BnaPHT2s, 10 BnaPHT3s, 13 BnaPHT4s and nine BnaPHT5s. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the largest PHT1 family could be divided into two groups (Group I and II), while PHT4 may be classified into five, Groups I-V. Gene structure analysis revealed that the exon-intron pattern was conservative within the same family or group. The sequence characteristics of these five families were quite different, which may contribute to their functional divergence. Transcription factor (TF) binding network analyses identified many potential TF binding sites in the promoter regions of candidates, implying their possible regulating patterns. Collinearity analysis demonstrated that most BnaPHTs were derived from an allopolyploidization event (~40.7%) between Brassica rapa and Brassica oleracea ancestors, and small-scale segmental duplication events (~39.5%) in the descendant. RNA-Seq analyses proved that many BnaPHTs were preferentially expressed in leaf and flower tissues. The expression profiles of most colinearity-pairs in B. napus are highly correlated, implying functional redundancy, while a few pairs may have undergone neo-functionalization or sub-functionalization during evolution. The expression levels of many BnaPHTs tend to be up-regulated by different hormones inductions, especially for IAA, ABA and 6-BA treatments. qRT-PCR assay demonstrated that six BnaPHT1s (BnaPHT1.11, BnaPHT1.14, BnaPHT1.20, BnaPHT1.35, BnaPHT1.41, BnaPHT1.44) were significantly up-regulated under low- and/or rich- Pi conditions in B. napus roots. This work analyzes the evolution and expression of the PHT family in Brassica napus, which will help further research on their role in Pi transport.

The plant-specific Teosinte-branched 1/Cycloidea/Proliferating (TCP) transcription factor genes are involved in plants’ development, hormonal pathways, and stress response but their evolutionary history is uncertain. The genome-wide analysis performed here for 47 plant species revealed 535 TCP candidates in terrestrial plants and none in aquatic plants, and that TCP family genes originated early in the history of land plants. Phylogenetic analysis divided the candidate genes into Classes I and II, and Class II was further divided into CYCLOIDEA (CYC) and CINCINNATA (CIN) clades; CYC is more recent and originated from CIN in angiosperms. Protein architecture, intron pattern, and sequence characteristics were conserved in each class or clade supporting this classification. The two classes significantly expanded through whole-genome duplication during evolution. Expression analysis revealed the conserved expression of TCP genes from lower to higher plants. The expression patterns of Class I and CIN genes in different stages of the same tissue revealed their function in plant development and their opposite effects in the same biological process. Interaction network analysis showed that TCP proteins tend to form protein complexes, and their interaction networks were conserved during evolution. These results contribute to further functional studies on TCP family genes.

The plant-specific WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) transcription factor gene family is important for plant growth and development but little studied in oil crops. We identified and characterized 58 putative WOX genes in Brassica napus (BnWOXs), which were divided into three major clades and nine subclades based on the gene structure and conserved motifs. Collinearity analysis revealed that most BnWOXs were the products of allopolyploidization and segmental duplication events. Gene structure analysis indicated that introns/exons and protein motifs were conserved in each subclade and RNA sequencing revealed that BnWOXs had narrow expression profiles in major tissues and/or organs across different developmental stages. The expression pattern of each clade was highly conserved and similar to that of the sister and orthologous pairs from Brassica rapa and Brassica oleracea. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that members of the WOX4 subclade were induced in seedling roots by abiotic and hormone stresses, indicating their contribution to root development and abiotic stress responses. 463 proteins were predicted to interact with BnWOXs, including peptides regulating stem cell homeostasis in meristems. This study provides insights into the evolution and expression of the WOX gene family in B. napus and will be useful in future gene function research.