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Positron emission tomography/computed tomography introduction in the clinical management of patients with suspected recurrence of ovarian cancer: a cost-effectiveness analysisAim of this study was to evaluate the economic impact of the introduction of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in the early detection of recurrent ovarian cancer through a cost-effectiveness analysis of different diagnostic strategies. Thirty-two consecutive patients with suspected ovarian cancer recurrence, studied by both contrast enhanced abdominal CT and PET/CT, were retrospectively included in the study. Three different diagnostic strategies were evaluated and compared: (1) CT only or baseline strategy; (2) PET/CT for negative CT or strategy A; (3) PET/CT for All or strategy B. For each one, expected costs, avoided surgery and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) were calculated to identify the most cost-effective strategy. The number of positive patients increased from baseline strategy (20/32) to strategy A and B (30/32 and 29/32 respectively). Positron emission tomography/computed tomography reoriented physician choice in 31% and 62% of patients (strategies A and B respectively). Strategy A is dominated by strategy B, which is more expensive (2909 Euro vs. 2958 Euro), but also more effective (3 cases of surgery avoided) and presents an ICER of 226.77 Euro per surgery avoided (range: 49.50-433.00 Euro). Positron emission tomography/computed tomography introduction in this population is cost-effective and allowed to redirect the clinical management of patients towards more appropriate therapeutic choices.