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Purpose: To evaluate in vitro cytotoxicity, in vivo antitumour activity and biodistribution of a novel polymeric (poly(DL-lactide)-block-methoxy polyethylene glycol) micellar paclitaxel.Methods: Hs578T breast, SKMES non-small-cell lung, and HT-29 colon human tumour cells were exposed, either for 1 h or continuously, to conventionally formulated paclitaxel (Cremophor paclitaxel) or polymeric micellar paclitaxel. After a period of incubation, cytotoxicity was measured using a radiometric system. In the in vivo antitumour study, B6D2F1 mice, bearing P388 leukaemia tumour intraperitoneally (i.p.), were treated with polymeric micellar paclitaxel or Cremophor paclitaxel by i.p. injection. The number of deaths and body weights were recorded. In the biodistribution study, CD-1 mice were given micellar paclitaxel i.p. at a dose of 100 mg/kg. The mice were sacrificed after a given time and the organs were harvested. Paclitaxel in the organs was extracted by acetonitrile and analysed using HPLC.Results: The polymeric micellar paclitaxel showed similar in vitro cytotoxicity to Cremophor paclitaxel against the tumour cell lines. The polymeric micellar formulation of paclitaxel produced a fivefold increase in the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) as compared with Cremophor paclitaxel when administered i.p. In addition, micellar paclitaxel was more efficacious in vivo when tested in the murine P388 leukaemia model of malignancy than Cremophor paclitaxel when both were administered i.p. at their MTDs. Micellar paclitaxel-treated animals had an increased survival time and, importantly, long-term survivors (20% of those tested) were obtained only in the polymeric paclitaxel formulation group. Biodistribution studies indicated that a significant amount of paclitaxel could be detected in blood, liver, kidney, spleen, lung and heart of mice after i.p. dosing of the polymeric micellar paclitaxel formulation.Conclusion: These preliminary results indicate that polymeric micellar paclitaxel could be a clinically useful chemotherapeutic formulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on several books on social problems and reforms. The book "What is Social Case Work?," by Mary E. Richmond, focuses on the meaning of social case work. Richmond concludes that social case work consists of those which develop personality through adjustments consciously effected, individual by individual, between men and their social environment. Richmond wisely says that an intelligent person with tact and good will might perform any one of a long list of tasks but only a trained person would succeed with a combination of these services. The book "Rural Problems in the United States," by J.E. Boyle, emphasizes that a community can know itself and can make certain very definite choices which will affect its well-being. Various problems are treated in an interesting suggestive way and the conclusions advanced are based on sound economic and practical knowledge. The book "The World in Revolt. A Psychological Study of Our Times," by G. Le Bon, focuses on the psychology of great wars. Le Bon concludes that the majority of political, military, economic or social questions belong to the province of psychology.

This article presents information about books on social problems and reforms. Some of the books included are "Successful Family Life on the Moderate Income," by M.H. Abel, "Modern Money Methods for the Church," by F.A. Agar, "Economic Effects of the World War Upon Women and Children in Great Britain," by I.O. Andrews and M.A. Hobbs, "Theories of Americanization: A Critical Study, With Special Reference to the Jewish Group," by I.B. Berkson, "Probation in Children's Courts," by C.L. Chute and "Rural Organization," by W. Burr.

This article presents a list of books related to social problems and reforms. The list includes "The Social Worker," by C.R. Attlee; "Courts in the United States Hearing Children's Cases. Results of a Questionnaire Study Covering the Year 1918," by E. Belden; "The Treatment of the Problem of Capital and Labor in Social Study Courses in the Churches," by C.D. Blachly; "Is America Worth Saving?," by N.M. Butler; "Social Evolution," by A. Chittick; "A More Christian Industrial Order," by H.S. Coffin; "The Intellectuals and the Wage Workers; a Study in Educational Psychoanalysis," by H.E. Cory; "Organized Self-Government," by E. Dawson; "Economic Democracy," by C.H. Douglas; "Current Social and Industrial Forces," by L.D. Edie; "Technique of Social Surveys," by M.C. Elmer; "An Introduction to Sociology; for Social Workers and General Readers," by J.J. Findlay; "The Whole Truth About Alcohol," by G.E. Flint; "The Human Costs of the War," by H. Folks; "Illegitimacy of the United States and Certain Foreign Countries," by E. Freund; "Human Efficiency and Levels of Intelligence," by H.R. Goddard; "Feminism and Sex Extinction," by A. Kenealy and "The Child Welfare Movement," by J. Lane-Claypon.