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Currently, one of the primary challenges that human society must overcome is the task of decreasing the amount of energy used and the adverse effects that it has on the environment. The daily increase in liquid waste (comprising organic pollutants) is a direct result of the creation and expansion of new companies, causing significant environmental disruption. Water contamination is attributed to several industries such as textile, chemical, poultry, dairy, and pharmaceutical. In this study, we present the successful degradation of methylene blue dye using g-C3N4 (GCN) mixed with WO3 and V2O5 composites (GCN/WO3/V2O5 ternary composite) as a photocatalyst, prepared by a simple mechanochemistry method. The GCN/WO3/V2O5 ternary composite revealed a notable enhancement in photocatalytic performance, achieving around 97% degradation of aqueous methylene blue (MB). This performance surpasses that of the individual photocatalysts, namely pure GCN, GCN/WO3, and GCN/V2O5 composites. Furthermore, the GCN/WO3/V2O5 ternary composite exhibited exceptional stability even after undergoing five consecutive cycles. The exceptional photocatalytic activity of the GCN/WO3/V2O5 ternary composite can be ascribed to the synergistic effect of metal-free GCN and metal oxides, resulting in the alteration of the band gap and suppression of charge recombination in the ternary photocatalyst. This study offers a better platform for understanding the characteristics of materials and their photocatalytic performance under visible light conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was aimed to reveal the phytochemical composition and bio potentials of Tectaria paradoxa (Fee.) Sledge. The total phenolic, tannin, flavonoid, terpenoids, sterols content were determined. RBC membrane stabilization against heat induced haemolysis, In-vitro Alpha-amylase inhibitory assay and Brine Shrimp lethality bioassay was performed to determine the anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and cytotoxic activity. Among the tested extracts, methanolic extracts of T. paradoxa showed high amount of phenolics 351.43 ± 14.5 mg GAE/g, tannin 34.38 ± 1.02 mg GAE/g, flavonoids 1384.44 ± 50.92 mg QE/g, triterpenoids 130.5 ± 2.77 mg/g and acetone extracts of T. paradoxa displayed maximum amount of sterols 3.2 ± 0.2 mg/g. The extracts of T. paradoxa demonstrated dose dependent anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and cytotoxic activities. The anti-inflammatory activity of the T. paradoxa were as follows methanol > chloroform > acetone > petroleum ether. The anti-diabetic properties of the T. paradoxa were as follows methanol > acetone > chloroform > petroleum ether. The cytotoxicity of the T. paradoxa were as follows chloroform (LC50 = 25.52 μg/mL) > petroleum ether (LC50 = 36.99 μg/mL) > methanol (LC50 = 44.26 μg/mL) > acetone (LC50 = 55.9 μg/mL). The existence of phenolics, tannin, flavonoids, sterols and triterpenoids may be responsible for the observed biological activities. The results of the present study identified the pool of medicinal properties existence in T. paradoxa. Further studies on the isolation of active principles may bring out an alternative source for anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer drugs from T. paradoxa.

Two genotypes of sesame namely TMV4 (branched) and CS601 (shy branch) were selected for the characterassociation study to assess the relationship among yield and its components for selection criteria to be followedwhile developing varieties. Observations were recorded on five traits viz., plant height, number of branches perplant, number of capsules in main stem, number of capsules in branches and seed yield per plant. Characterassociation analysis revealed positive association of seed yield per plant with number of capsules on branchesper plant in both TMV 4 and CS 601. Likewise number of branches and number of capsules on main stem hadpositive association in both genotypes. However, the association between number of branches and seed yield,between number of branches and number of capsules on branches, between number of capsules on main stemand number of capsules on branches had positive association in TMV 4 only. Plant height had positiveassociation with number of capsules on main stem in CS 601 only. This study clearly indicated the differentialassociation of characters in branched and shy branch genotypes. Hence while formulating selection index,separate association studies are necessary if the genotypes differed on branching types.