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Objective: A national survey was conducted to determine the extent of consumer empowerment in the public mental health system. Methods: A questionnaire was sent to mental health authorities in all U.S. states and territories asking whether consumer empowerment or responsibility was defined in statutes, regulations, or policies and whether consumers or family members were employed in central or field offices of the authority. A rating scale measured the extent of consumer empowerment, and correlations were examined between this rating and other variables. Results: The survey achieved a 100 percent response rate. Twenty-two states (39 percent) addressed consumer empowerment and 16 (28 percent) consumer responsibility in a statute, regulation, or policy. Twenty-seven states (48 percent) had paid positions for consumers in central offices, and three (5 percent) had such positions for family members. Half the states had paid positions for consumers in field offices, and 12 states (24 percent) had such positions for family members. The extent of a state's consumer empowerment had no relationship to region of the country or the state's mental health budget. A significant positive relationship was found between extent of empowerment and the size of the state's population and the quality of its mental health services. Conclusions: State mental health authorities vary widely in their direct involvement with consumer empowerment. Results indicate that mental health authorities need to make a greater commitment to the achievement of such empowerment if it is to become a meaningful part of government involvement with mental health services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the synthesis, structural characterization and magnetic properties of K 3 coronene, and demonstrate a computational screening workflow designed to accelerate the discovery of metal intercalated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), a class of materials of interest following reports of superconductivity, but lacking demonstrated and understood characterised material compositions. Coronene is identified as a suitable PAH candidate from a library of PAHs for potassium intercalation by computational screening of their electronic structure and of the void space in their crystal structures, targeting LUMO similarity to C 60 and the availability of suitable sites to accommodate inserted cations. Convex hull calculations with energies from crystal structure prediction based on ion insertion into the identified void space of coronene suggest that the x = 3 composition in K x coronene is stable at 0 K, reinforcing the suitability of coronone for experimental investigation. Exploration of reaction conditions and compositions revealed that the mild reducing agent KH allows formation of K 3 coronene. The structure of K 3 coronene solved from synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction features extensive reorientation and associated disorder of coronene molecules compared with the parent pristine host. This is driven by K + intercalation and occupation of sites both within and between the coronene stacks that are partially retained from the parent structure. This disruption of the host structure is greater when three cations are inserted per coronene than in reported metal PAH structures where the maximum ratio of cations to PAH is 2. Superconductivity is not observed, contrary to previous reports on K x coronene. The expected localised moment response of coronene 3- is suppressed, which may be associated with the combination of extensive disorder and close coronene 3- -coronene 3- contacts., Competing Interests: The authors declare no completing financial interest., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

Mixed anion halide-chalcogenide materials have recently attracted attention for a variety of applications, owing to their desirable optoelectronic properties. We report the synthesis of a previously unreported mixed-metal chalcohalide material, CuBiSeCl 2 ( Pnma ), accessed through a simple, low-temperature solid-state route. The physical structure is characterized through single-crystal X-ray diffraction and reveals significant Cu displacement within the CuSe 2 Cl 4 octahedra. The electronic structure of CuBiSeCl 2 is investigated computationally, which indicates highly anisotropic charge carrier effective masses, and by experimental verification using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, which reveals a valence band dominated by Cu orbitals. The band gap is measured to be 1.33(2) eV, a suitable value for solar absorption applications. The electronic and thermal properties, including resistivity, Seebeck coefficient, thermal conductivity, and heat capacity, are also measured, and it is found that CuBiSeCl 2 exhibits a low room temperature thermal conductivity of 0.27(4) W K -1 m -1 , realized through modifications to the phonon landscape through increased bonding anisotropy., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2024 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)

Fast cation transport in solids underpins energy storage. Materials design has focused on structures that can define transport pathways with minimal cation coordination change, restricting attention to a small part of chemical space. Motivated by the greater structural diversity of binary intermetallics than that of the metallic elements, we used two anions to build a pathway for three-dimensional superionic lithium ion conductivity that exploits multiple cation coordination environments. Li 7 Si 2 S 7 I is a pure lithium ion conductor created by an ordering of sulphide and iodide that combines elements of hexagonal and cubic close-packing analogously to the structure of NiZr. The resulting diverse network of lithium positions with distinct geometries and anion coordination chemistries affords low barriers to transport, opening a large structural space for high cation conductivity.

High-throughput synthetic methods are well-established for chemistries involving liquid- or vapour-phase reagents and have been harnessed to prepare arrays of inorganic materials. The versatile but labour-intensive sub-solidus reaction pathway that is the backbone of the functional and electroceramics materials industries has proved more challenging to automate because of the use of solid-state reagents. We present a high-throughput sub-solidus synthesis workflow that permits rapid screening of oxide chemical space that will accelerate materials discovery by enabling simultaneous expansion of explored compositions and synthetic conditions. This increases throughput by using manual steps where actions are undertaken on multiple, rather than individual, samples which are then further combined with researcher-hands-free automated processes. We exemplify this by extending the BaY x Sn 1- x O 3- x /2 solid solution beyond the reported limit to a previously unreported composition and by exploring the Nb-Al-P-O composition space showing the applicability of the workflow to polyanion-based compositions beyond oxides., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

The mixed anion material Bi 4 O 4 SeCl 2 has an ultralow thermal conductivity of 0.1 W m -1 K -1 along its stacking axis ( c axis) at room temperature, which makes it an ideal candidate for electronic band structure optimization via doping to improve its thermoelectric performance. Here, we design and realize an optimal doping strategy for Bi 4 O 4 SeCl 2 from first principles and predict an enhancement in the density of states at the Fermi level of the material upon Sn and Ge doping. Experimental work realizes the as-predicted behavior in Bi 4- x Sn x O 4 SeCl 2 ( x = 0.01) through the precise control of composition. Careful consideration of multiple accessible dopant sites and charge states allows for the effective computational screening of dopants for thermoelectric properties in Bi 4 O 4 SeCl 2 and may be a suitable route for assessing other candidate materials., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2022 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)

Exploration of chemical composition and structural configuration space is the central problem in crystal structure prediction. Even in limiting structure space to a single structure type, many different compositions and configurations are possible. In this work, we attempt to address this problem using an extension to the existing ChemDASH code in which variable compositions can be explored. We show that ChemDASH is an efficient method for exploring a fixed-composition space of spinel structures and build upon this to include variable compositions in the Mn-Fe-Zn-O spinel phase field. This work presents the first basin-hopping crystal structure prediction method that can explore variable compositions.

A tetragonal argyrodite with >7 mobile cations, Li 7 Zn 0.5 SiS 6 , is experimentally realized for the first time through solid state synthesis and exploration of the Li-Zn-Si-S phase diagram. The crystal structure of Li 7 Zn 0.5 SiS 6 was solved ab initio from high-resolution X-ray and neutron powder diffraction data and supported by solid-state NMR. Li 7 Zn 0.5 SiS 6 adopts a tetragonal I 4 structure at room temperature with ordered Li and Zn positions and undergoes a transition above 411.1 K to a higher symmetry disordered F 43 m structure more typical of Li-containing argyrodites. Simultaneous occupation of four types of Li site (T5, T5a, T2, T4) at high temperature and five types of Li site (T5, T2, T4, T1, and a new trigonal planar T2a position) at room temperature is observed. This combination of sites forms interconnected Li pathways driven by the incorporation of Zn 2+ into the Li sublattice and enables a range of possible jump processes. Zn 2+ occupies the 48 h T5 site in the high-temperature F 43 m structure, and a unique ordering pattern emerges in which only a subset of these T5 sites are occupied at room temperature in I 4 Li 7 Zn 0.5 SiS 6 . The ionic conductivity, examined via AC impedance spectroscopy and VT-NMR, is 1.0(2) × 10 -7 S cm -1 at room temperature and 4.3(4) × 10 -4 S cm -1 at 503 K. The transition between the ordered I 4 and disordered F 43 m structures is associated with a dramatic decrease in activation energy to 0.34(1) eV above 411 K. The incorporation of a small amount of Zn 2+ exercises dramatic control of Li order in Li 7 Zn 0.5 SiS 6 yielding a previously unseen distribution of Li sites, expanding our understanding of structure-property relationships in argyrodite materials., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2022 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)

A newly reported compound, CuAgBiI 5 , is synthesized as powder, crystals, and thin films. The structure consists of a 3D octahedral Ag + /Bi 3+ network as in spinel, but occupancy of the tetrahedral interstitials by Cu + differs from those in spinel. The 3D octahedral network of CuAgBiI 5 allows us to identify a relationship between octahedral site occupancy (composition) and octahedral motif (structure) across the whole CuI-AgI-BiI 3 phase field, giving the ability to chemically control structural dimensionality. To investigate composition-structure-property relationships, we compare the basic optoelectronic properties of CuAgBiI 5 with those of Cu 2 AgBiI 6 (which has a 2D octahedral network) and reveal a surprisingly low sensitivity to the dimensionality of the octahedral network. The absorption onset of CuAgBiI 5 (2.02 eV) barely changes compared with that of Cu 2 AgBiI 6 (2.06 eV) indicating no obvious signs of an increase in charge confinement. Such behavior contrasts with that for lead halide perovskites which show clear confinement effects upon lowering dimensionality of the octahedral network from 3D to 2D. Changes in photoluminescence spectra and lifetimes between the two compounds mostly derive from the difference in extrinsic defect densities rather than intrinsic effects. While both materials show good stability, bulk CuAgBiI 5 powder samples are found to be more sensitive to degradation under solar irradiation compared to Cu 2 AgBiI 6 .

We report the aperiodic titanate Ba 10 Y 6 Ti 4 O 27 with a room-temperature thermal conductivity that equals the lowest reported for an oxide. The structure is characterised by discontinuous occupancy modulation of each of the sites and can be considered as a quasicrystal. The resulting localisation of lattice vibrations suppresses phonon transport of heat. This new lead material for low-thermal-conductivity oxides is metastable and located within a quaternary phase field that has been previously explored. Its isolation thus requires a precisely defined synthetic protocol. The necessary narrowing of the search space for experimental investigation was achieved by evaluation of titanate crystal chemistry, prediction of unexplored structural motifs that would favour synthetically accessible new compositions, and assessment of their properties with machine-learning models., (© 2021 The Authors. Angewandte Chemie International Edition published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Since the emergence of lead halide perovskites for photovoltaic research, there has been mounting effort in the search for alternative compounds with improved or complementary physical, chemical, or optoelectronic properties. Here, we report the discovery of Cu 2 AgBiI 6 : a stable, inorganic, lead-free wide-band-gap semiconductor, well suited for use in lead-free tandem photovoltaics. We measure a very high absorption coefficient of 1.0 × 10 5 cm -1 near the absorption onset, several times that of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 . Solution-processed Cu 2 AgBiI 6 thin films show a direct band gap of 2.06(1) eV, an exciton binding energy of 25 meV, a substantial charge-carrier mobility (1.7 cm 2 V -1 s -1 ), a long photoluminescence lifetime (33 ns), and a relatively small Stokes shift between absorption and emission. Crucially, we solve the structure of the first quaternary compound in the phase space among CuI, AgI and BiI 3 . The structure includes both tetrahedral and octahedral species which are open to compositional tuning and chemical substitution to further enhance properties. Since the proposed double-perovskite Cs 2 AgBiI 6 thin films have not been synthesized to date, Cu 2 AgBiI 6 is a valuable example of a stable Ag + /Bi 3+ octahedral motif in a close-packed iodide sublattice that is accessed via the enhanced chemical diversity of the quaternary phase space.

The implementation of machine learning models has brought major changes in the decision-making process for materials design. One matter of concern for the data-driven approaches is the lack of negative data from unsuccessful synthetic attempts, which might generate inherently imbalanced datasets. We propose the application of the one-class classification methodology as an effective tool for tackling these limitations on the materials design problems. This is a concept of learning based only on a well-defined class without counter examples. An extensive study on the different one-class classification algorithms is performed until the most appropriate workflow is identified for guiding the discovery of emerging materials belonging to a relatively small class, that being the weakly bound polyaromatic hydrocarbon co-crystals. The two-step approach presented in this study first trains the model using all the known molecular combinations that form this class of co-crystals extracted from the Cambridge Structural Database (1722 molecular combinations), followed by scoring possible yet unknown pairs from the ZINC15 database (21 736 possible molecular combinations). Focusing on the highest-ranking pairs predicted to have higher probability of forming co-crystals, materials discovery can be accelerated by reducing the vast molecular space and directing the synthetic efforts of chemists. Further on, using interpretability techniques a more detailed understanding of the molecular properties causing co-crystallization is sought after. The applicability of the current methodology is demonstrated with the discovery of two novel co-crystals, namely pyrene-6 H -benzo[ c ]chromen-6-one ( 1 ) and pyrene-9,10-dicyanoanthracene ( 2 )., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

The products of the solid-state reactions between potassium metal and tetracene (K:Tetracene, 1:1, 1.5:1, and 2:1) are fully structurally characterized. Synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction shows that only K 2 Tetracene forms under the reaction conditions studied, with unreacted tetracene always present for x < 2. Diffraction and 13 C MAS NMR show that K 2 Tetracene has a crystal structure that is analogous to that of K 2 Pentacene, but with the cations ordered on two sites because of the influence of the length of the hydrocarbon on possible cation positions. K 2 Tetracene is a nonmagnetic insulator, thus further questioning the nature of reported superconductivity in this class of materials.

Making new van der Waals materials with electronic or magnetic functionality is a chemical design challenge for the development of two-dimensional nanoelectronic and energy conversion devices. We present the synthesis and properties of the van der Waals material Bi 4 O 4 SeCl 2 , which is a 1:1 superlattice of the structural units present in the van der Waals insulator BiOCl and the three-dimensionally connected semiconductor Bi 2 O 2 Se. The presence of three anions gives the new structure both the bridging selenide anion sites that connect pairs of Bi 2 O 2 layers in Bi 2 O 2 Se and the terminal chloride sites that produce the van der Waals gap in BiOCl. This retains the electronic properties of Bi 2 O 2 Se while reducing the dimensionality of the bonding network connecting the Bi 2 O 2 Se units to allow exfoliation of Bi 4 O 4 SeCl 2 to 1.4 nm height. The superlattice structure is stabilized by the configurational entropy of anion disorder across the terminal and bridging sites. The reduction in connective dimensionality with retention of electronic functionality stems from the expanded anion compositional diversity.

6,6',13,13'-Tetrahydro-6,6'-bipentacene (HBP), the intermediate molecule connecting pentacene to previously observed peripentacene and extended pentacene oligomers through the formation of a carbon-carbon bond, is synthesized and crystallographically characterized. Heating pentacene to 300 °C under vacuum for 200 h results in pale golden crystals of HBP and amorphous material containing pentacene oligomers, offering experimental evidence that pentacene preferentially dimerizes at the 6,6'-position. Continued heating of HBP results in co-crystals of 6,13-dihydrogenated pentacene and pentacene and further amorphous pentacene oligomers. The amorphous material consists of layered carbonaceous species with a graphenic nature, as determined by Raman spectroscopy and electron microscopy, and suggests HBP as an intermediate to hydrogenated pentacene species and pentacene oligomers, such as peripentacene, of interest in organic electronics.

We present the synthesis and characterization of the K + -intercalated rubrene (C 42 H 28 ) phase, K 2 Rubrene (K 2 R), and identify the coexistence of amorphous and crystalline materials in samples where the crystalline component is phase-pure. We suggest this is characteristic of many intercalated alkali metal-polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) systems, including those for which superconductivity has been claimed. The systematic investigation of K-rubrene solid-state reactions using both K and KH sources reveals a complex competition between K intercalation and the decomposition of rubrene, producing three K-intercalated compounds, namely, K 2 R, K(RR*), and K x R' (where R* and R' are rubrene decomposition derivatives C 42 H 26 and C 30 H 20 , respectively). K 2 R is obtained as the major phase over a wide composition range and is accompanied by the formation of amorphous byproducts from the decomposition of rubrene. K(RR*) is synthesized as a single phase, and K x R' is obtained only as a secondary phase to the majority K 2 R phase. The crystal structure of K 2 R was determined using high-resolution powder X-ray diffraction, revealing that the structural rearrangement from pristine rubrene creates two large voids per rubrene within the molecular layers in which K + is incorporated. K + cations accommodated within the large voids interact strongly with the neighboring rubrene via η 6 , η 3 , and η 2 binding modes to the tetracene cores and the phenyl groups. This contrasts with other intercalated PAHs, where only a single void per PAH is created and the intercalated K + weakly interacts with the host. The decomposition products of rubrene are also examined using solution NMR, highlighting the role of the breaking of C-C phenyl bonds. For the crystalline decomposition derivative products K(RR*) and K x R', a lack of definitive structural information with regard to R* and R' prevents the crystal structures from being determined. The study illustrates the complexity in accessing solvent-free alkali metal salts of reduced PAH of the type claimed to afford superconductivity.

Both layered multiple-anion compounds and homologous series are of interest for their electronic properties, including the ability to tune the properties by changing the nature or number of the layers. Here we expand, using both computational and experimental techniques, a recently reported three-anion material, Bi 4 O 4 Cu 1.7 Se 2.7 Cl 0.3 , to the homologous series Bi 2+2 n O 2+2 n Cu 2-δ Se 2+ n-δ X δ (X = Cl, Br), composed of parent blocks that are well-studied thermoelectric materials. All of the materials show exceptionally low thermal conductivity (0.2 W/mK and lower) parallel to the axis of pressing of the pellets, as well as narrow band gaps (as low as 0.28 eV). Changing the number of layers affects the band gap, thermal conductivity, carrier type, and presence of a phase transition. Furthermore, the way in which the different numbers of layers are accessed, by tuning the compensating Cu vacancy concentration and halide substitution, represents a novel route to homologous series. This homologous series shows tunable properties, and the route explored here could be used to build new homologous series out of known structural blocks.

It is challenging to achieve p-type doping of zinc oxides (ZnO), which are of interest as transparent conductors in optoelectronics. A ZnO-related ternary compound, SrZnO 2 , was investigated as a potential host for p-type conductivity. First-principles investigations were used to select from a range of candidate dopants the substitution of Li + for Zn 2+ as a stable, potentially p-type, doping mechanism in SrZnO 2 . Subsequently, single-phase bulk samples of a new p-type-doped oxide, SrZn 1- x Li x O 2 (0 < x < 0.06), were prepared. The structural, compositional, and physical properties of both the parent SrZnO 2 and SrZn 1- x Li x O 2 were experimentally verified. The band gap of SrZnO 2 was calculated using HSE06 at 3.80 eV and experimentally measured at 4.27 eV, which confirmed the optical transparency of the material. Powder X-ray diffraction and inductively coupled plasma analysis were combined to show that single-phase ceramic samples can be accessed in the compositional range x < 0.06. A positive Seebeck coefficient of 353(4) μV K -1 for SrZn 1- x Li x O 2 , where x = 0.021, confirmed that the compound is a p-type conductor, which is consistent with the p O 2 dependence of the electrical conductivity observed in all SrZn 1- x Li x O 2 samples. The conductivity of SrZn 1- x Li x O 2 is up to 15 times greater than that of undoped SrZnO 2 (for x = 0.028 σ = 2.53 μS cm -1 at 600 °C and 1 atm of O 2 ).

Layered two-anion compounds are of interest for their diverse electronic properties. The modular nature of their layered structures offers opportunities for the construction of complex stackings used to introduce or tune functionality, but the accessible layer combinations are limited by the crystal chemistries of the available anions. We present a layered three-anion material, Bi 4 O 4 Cu 1.7 Se 2.7 Cl 0.3 , which adopts a new structure type composed of alternately stacked BiOCuSe and Bi 2 O 2 Se-like units. This structure is accessed by inclusion of three chemically distinct anions, which are accommodated by aliovalently substituted Bi 2 O 2 Se 0.7 Cl 0.3 blocks coupled to Cu-deficient Bi 2 O 2 Cu 1.7 Se 2 blocks, producing a formal charge modulation along the stacking direction. The hypothetical parent phase Bi 4 O 4 Cu 2 Se 3 is unstable with respect to its charge-neutral stoichiometric building blocks. The complex layer stacking confers excellent thermal properties upon Bi 4 O 4 Cu 1.7 Se 2.7 Cl 0.3 : a room-temperature thermal conductivity (κ) of 0.4(1) W/mK was measured on a pellet with preferred crystallite orientation along the stacking axis, with perpendicular measurement indicating it is also highly anisotropic. This κ value lies in the ultralow regime and is smaller than those of both BiOCuSe and Bi 2 O 2 Se. Bi 4 O 4 Cu 1.7 Se 2.7 Cl 0.3 behaves like a charge-balanced semiconductor with a narrow band gap. The chemical diversity offered by the additional anion allows the integration of two common structural units in a single phase by the simultaneous and coupled creation of charge-balancing defects in each of the units.

Gold and gold alloys, in the form of supported nanoparticles, have been shown over the last three decades to be highly effective oxidation catalysts. Mixed metal oxide perovskites, with their high structural tolerance, are ideal for investigating how changes in the chemical composition of supports affect the catalysts' properties, while retaining similar surface areas, morphologies and metal co-ordinations. However, a significant disadvantage of using perovskites as supports is their high crystallinity and small surface area. We report the use of a supercritical carbon dioxide anti-solvent precipitation methodology to prepare large surface area lanthanum based perovskites, making the deposition of 1 wt% AuPt nanoparticles feasible. These catalysts were used for the selective oxidation of glycerol. By changing the elemental composition of the perovskite B site, we dramatically altered the reaction pathway between a sequential oxidation route to glyceric or tartronic acid and a dehydration reaction pathway to lactic acid. Selectivity profiles were correlated to reported oxygen adsorption capacities of the perovskite supports and also to changes in the AuPt nanoparticle morphologies. Extended time on line analysis using the best oxidation catalyst (AuPt/LaMnO3) produced an exceptionally high tartronic acid yield. LaMnO3 produced from alternative preparation methods was found to have lower activities, but gave comparable selectivity profiles to that produced using the supercritical carbon dioxide anti-solvent precipitation methodology.

Interfaces between different materials underpin both new scientific phenomena, such as the emergent behaviour at oxide interfaces, and key technologies, such as that of the transistor. Control of the interfaces between materials with the same crystal structures but different chemical compositions is possible in many materials classes, but less progress has been made for oxide materials with different crystal structures. We show that dynamical self-organization during growth can create a coherent interface between the perovskite and fluorite oxide structures, which are based on different structural motifs, if an appropriate choice of cations is made to enable this restructuring. The integration of calculation with experimental observation reveals that the interface differs from both the bulk components and identifies the chemical bonding requirements to connect distinct oxide structures.

The catalytic response of Ni on Al2O3 obtained from Ni-Al layered double hydroxides was studied for the liquid-phase hydrogenation of hydroxymethyl furfural to tetrahydrofuran-2,5-diyldimethanol (THFDM) in water. The successive calcination and reduction of the precursors caused the removal of interlayer hydroxyl and carbonate groups and the reduction of Ni(2+) to Ni(0). Four reduced mixed oxide catalysts were obtained, consisting of different amount of Ni metal contents (47-68 wt%) on an Al-rich amorphous component. The catalytic activity was linked to Ni content whereas selectivity was mainly affected by reaction temperature. THFDM was formed in a stepwise manner at low temperature (353 K) whereas 3-hydroxymethyl cyclopentanone was generated at higher temperature. Coke formation caused deactivation; however, the catalytic activity can be regenerated using heat treatment. The results establish Ni on Al2O3 as a promising catalyst for the production of THFDM in water., (© 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

A stable visible-light-driven photocatalyst (λ≥450 nm) for water oxidation is reported. Rhodium substitution into the pyrochlore Y2 Ti2 O7 is demonstrated by monitoring Vegard's law evolution of the unit-cell parameters with changing rhodium content, to a maximum content of 3 % dopant. Substitution renders the solid solutions visible-light active. The overall rate of oxygen evolution is comparable to WO3 but with superior light-harvesting and surface-area-normalized turnover rates, making Y2 Ti1.94 Rh0.06 O7 an excellent candidate for use in a Z-scheme water-splitting system., (© 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

A flexible metal-organic framework selectively sorbs para- (pX) over meta-xylene (mX) by synergic restructuring around pX coupled with generation of unused void space upon mX loading. The nature of the structural change suggests more generally that flexible structures which are initially mismatched in terms of fit and capacity to the preferred guest are strong candidates for effective molecular separations., (© 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

In September 1998 the University of Massachusetts Medical School, in partnership with a private vendor of correctional health care, began providing mental health services and other services to the Massachusetts Department of Correction. The experience with this partnership demonstrates that the involvement of a medical school with a correctional system has advantages for both. The correctional program benefits from enhanced quality of services, assistance with the recruitment and retention of skilled professionals, and expansion of training and continuing education programs. The medical school benefits by building its revenue base while providing a needed public service and through opportunities to extend its research and training activities. Successful collaboration requires that the medical school have an appreciation of security needs, a sensitivity to fiscal issues, and a readiness to work with inmates who have severe mental disorders and disruptive behavior. Correctional administrators, for their part, must support adequate treatment resources and must collaborate in the resolution of tensions between security and health care needs.

Intoxilyzer 5000 Conclusive Breath Testing Devices have been in wide operational use in New Zealand since June 1989. From the monitoring of these devices, large number of duplicate subject test results and blood alcohol/breath alcohol pairs have been obtained. Information on the agreement between duplicate subject breath samples, the blood/breath correlation, and the distribution of breath alcohol levels encountered at each testing location will be presented. Each device has been closely monitored in the field with respect to its calibration status and stability; the devices have proved to be very satisfactory in the field.