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It is known to the scientific, professional and lay public that the United States of America, after the terrorist act of September 11, 2001, which was carried out on its territory, designated Osama Bin Laden and Al Qaeda as the culprit. The subject of research in this paper is the financing of terrorism from the territory of the United States of America. The aim of the work is to provide reasoned, objective and systematized findings on the support of terrorist financing on the territory of the USA, through the activities of charitable organizations that collected money on its territory. Almost all basic analytical and synthetic methods of knowledge were applied in the preparation of the work, with an emphasis on analysis, synthesis, generalization and the inductive-deductive method. From the corpus of general scientific methods, the general scientific statistical and hypothetical-deductive method was applied in the research of the topic, and from the group of methods for data collection, the method of content analysis of available documents was used, that is, its technique of qualitative analysis of documents. Two results emerged from the research. One, which indicates that in the decades before the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, Islamic charities in the United States developed donor networks, perfected techniques and covertly aided and financed terrorist groups and individuals, often with the tacit approval of American security organizations. Second, that just a few days after the terrorist attacks carried out on September 11, 2001, the President of the United States of America, with Executive Order 13224, designated a number of Islamic charitable organizations in the United States that covertly worked, supported and financed terrorism with funds collected from American citizens and organization.

Compounds used in the fashion industry effect the water bodies in the vicinity of textile factories, resulting in the visible coloration of surface water. Fe-doped graphite-based in house prepared electrodes were used in the Fenton- -like degradation of Reactive Blue 52 (RB52). The electrodes consisting of high-density graphite in three granulation sizes and three levels of Fe content were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The amount of Fe in the electrodes and H2O2 concentration in synthetic textile wastewater were optimized. Additionally, the size of graphite grains was varied to investigate whether it effects the degradation rate. Under only 10 min of electro-Fenton degradation, a system with 10 mmol dm-3 of H2O2 and an electrode made of 7 % of Fe and 70 μm of granulation size of graphite, degraded over 75 % of RB52, and over 99 % after 40 min of treatment. The obtained results indicate that the proposed approach could be beneficial in the field of novel materials for environmental application and that in house prepared carbon could be an excellent replacement for commercially available supports.

An analysis was conducted on the influence of advancements in smelting technology at the copper smelter in Bor, Serbia, and seasonal changes on the level and chemical composition of PM10 inside and outside a classroom at the Technical Faculty in Bor in 2015 and 2019. The results of chemical analyses revealed that the average level of arsenic in PM10 within the classroom reached 11.9 ng/m3, nearly double the annual target value. In comparison, the average level of arsenic (As) in PM10 in ambient air stood at 15 ng/m3. A notable enrichment factor was observed for elements present in copper concentrates (Se > Ag > Bi > Pb > Cd > As > Sb > S > Cu > Sn > Zn) in both the classroom and outdoor air, underscoring their predominantly anthropogenic origin. Higher concentrations of As in PM10 were recorded during the non-heating season and the operation of the copper smelter with outdated smelting technology (2015). These findings hold significant implications for health protection for all citizens in the investigated area surrounding the Technical Faculty in Bor. The study highlights the need for additional measures to reduce As content in PM10 in ambient air and prevent the infiltration of suspended particles from outdoor air into classrooms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, complex, and demyelinating disease closely associated with altered levels of trace elements. Although the first studies into the role of trace elements in MS were published in the 1970s, for five decades it has remained unknown whether trace elements can be part of this heterogeneous neurological disease. (2) Materials and methods: To drive toward at a potential solution, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to elucidate whether there were differences in circulating levels of neurologically important essential trace elements (Zn, Fe, Co, Cu, Mn, and Se) between MS cases and controls. (3) Results: This study revealed significantly lower serum/plasma Zn and Fe levels and higher Cu levels in MS-affected individuals compared to controls. At the same time, no significant differences were found between the MS cases and controls regarding their serum/plasma levels of Co, Mn, or Se. Thus, the loss of Fe and Zn should be considered in supplementation/nutrition strategies for MS patients. On the other hand, since high serum Cu levels indicate a burden on the bloodstreams of MS patients, Cu should be excluded from mineral supplement strategies. Furthermore, all three trace elements (Fe, Zn, and Cu) should be considered from an etiological point of view, and, most importantly, their levels in the bloodstreams of MS patients should be monitored. (4) Conclusions: This study highlights the way for personalized and targeted strategies in the management of MS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forms of environmental protection in the Republic of Serbia, as a rule, include administrative, misdemeanor and criminal law protection. This paper deals with general considerations of criminal law protection of the environment, its significance and position in the criminal legislation of the Republic of Serbia, and the effects of the competent judicial and other bodies on its suppression. The research includes basic national legal standards in the field of criminal law protection of the environment and their chronological correlation. The paper contains an empirical research of statistical indicators within which the correlation of reported, accused and convicted persons (outcome of criminal proceedings) for crimes against the environment during the time period from 2006 to 2017 in the Republic of Serbia was investigated.

In this work, we successfully prepared a modified cobalt oxide (Co3O4) carbon paste electrode to detect Levofloxacin (LEV). By synthesizing Co3O4 nanoparticles through the chemical coprecipitation method, the electrochemical properties of the electrode and LEV were thoroughly investigated using CV, SWV, and EIS, while material properties were scrutinized using ICP-OES, TEM, SEM, and XRD. The results showed that the prepared electrode displayed a better electrocatalytic response than the bare carbon paste electrode. After optimizing SWV, the electrode exhibited a wide linear working range from 1 to 85 μM at pH 5 of BRBS as the supporting electrolyte. The selectivity of the proposed method was satisfactory, with good repeatability and reproducibility, strongly suggesting a potential application for determining LEV in real samples, particularly in pharmaceutical formulations. The practicality of the approach was demonstrated through good recoveries, and the morphology of the materials was found to be closely related to other parameters, indicating that the developed method can provide a cost-effective, rapid, selective, and sensitive means for LEV monitoring. Overall, this project has made significant progress towards developing a reliable method for detecting LEV and has opened up new opportunities for future research in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ten organic solvents (triethanolamine, diethanolamine, ethylene glycol, methyl ethyl ketone, n-hexane, triethylamine, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, glycerol, tetrahydrofuran and dioxane) were applied as cosolvents in the CaO-catalyzed ethanolysis of sunflower oil performed in a batch stirred reactor under the following reaction conditions: temperature 70 °C, ethanol-to-oil mole ratio 12:1, initial catalyst concentration 1.374 mol·L-1 and amount of cosolvent 20 % based on the oil amount. The main goals were to assess the effect of the used cosolvents on the synthesis of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) and to select the most efficient one with respect to the final FAEE content, reaction duration and safety profile. In the absence of any cosolvent, the reaction was rather slow, providing a FAEE content of only 89.7±1.7 % after 4 h. Of the tested cosolvents, diethanolamine, triethanolamine and ethylene glycol significantly accelerated the ethanolysis reaction, whereby the last two provided a final FAEE content of 93.1±2.1 and 94.1±1.5 %, respectively, within 0.5 h. However, because of its safety profile, triethanolamine was selected as the best cosolvent for the ethanolysis of sunflower oil catalyzed by calcined CaO.

Triethanolamine was applied as an efficient „green“ cosolvent for biodiesel production by CaO-catalyzed ethanolysis of sunflower oil. The reaction was conducted in a batch stirred reactor and optimized with respect to the reaction temperature (61.6-78.4°C), the ethanol-to-oil molar ratio (7:1-17:1) and the cosolvent loading (3-36 % of the oil weight) by using a rotatable central composite design (RCCD) combined with the response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal reaction conditions were found to be: the ethanol-to-oil molar ratio of 9:1, the reaction temperature of 75°C and the cosolvent loading of 30 % to oil weight, which resulted in the predicted and actual fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE) contents of 98.8 % and 97.9±1.3 %, respectively, achieved within only 20 min of the reaction. Also, high FAEE contents were obtained with expired sunflower oil, hempseed oil and waste lard. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) was used to understand the changes in the CaO phase. The CaO catalyst can be used without any treatment in two consecutive cycles. Due to the calcium leaching into the product, an additional purification stage must be included in the overall process. [Project of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Grant no. III 45001]

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In the research work the authors indicate to the fact that the domestic violence is a very complex criminology, criminalistics and legal phenomenon. The number of criminal charges for the domestic violence is in the negative correlation with the number of accused and convicted persons. The results in this work confirm the fact that it has not been the right view of authors and professional practice presents for more than seventy years in Serbia that the illumination of crimes, as the model of work, is useful or effective. In order to obtain the findings about the negative correlation between the reported, accused and convicted persons, in this research we have used the statistics method, the method of content analysis, comparisons, correlations, deductions and inductions as well as descriptions and synthesis by which the goal of the research has been achieved - to notice and recognize the loss of crimes in the domestic violence.