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Objective: Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder often have varying needs for coverage of their symptoms throughout the day. The objectives of this study were to determine the efficacy, duration of action, and safety of methylphenidate transdermal system worn for variable times by children (ages 6-12) diagnosed with ADHD.Method: Methylphenidate dose was optimized over 5 weeks using 10-, 15-, 20-, or 30-mg patches worn for 9 hours. The efficacy of 4- and 6-hour wear times was then assessed in an Analog Classroom setting during a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, three-way crossover phase. The main efficacy measures were the Swanson, Kotkin, Agler, M-Flynn, and Pelham Rating Scale deportment scale and the Permanent Product Measure of Performance math test.Results: All of the efficacy measures indicated that 4- and 6-hour wear times improved ADHD symptoms and that medication effects on the Swanson, Kotkin, Agler, M-Flynn, and Pelham Rating Scale deportment scale and Permanent Product Measure of Performance math test decreased between 2 and 4 hours after patch removal. The majority of adverse events were transient and mild to moderate in severity.Conclusions: These findings suggest that the duration of medication effect is related to the wear time of the patch and may be tailored to accommodate the schedules of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The incorporation of superhydrophobic properties into metal organic framework (MOF) materials is highly desirable to enhance their hydrolytic stability, gas capture selectivity in the presence of humidity and efficiency in oil-water separations, among others. The existing strategies for inducing superhydrophobicity into MOFs have several weaknesses, such as increased cost, utilization of toxic reagents and solvents, applicability for limited MOFs, etc. Here, we report the simplest, most eco-friendly, and cost-effective process to impart superhydrophobicity to MOFs, involving a rapid (90 min) treatment of MOF materials with solutions of sodium oleate, a main component of soap. The method can be applied to both hydrolytically stable and unstable MOFs, with the porosity of modified MOFs approaching, in most cases, that of the pristine materials. Interestingly, this approach was used to isolate superhydrophobic magnetic MOF composites, and one of these materials formed stable liquid marbles, whose motion could be easily guided using an external magnetic field. We also successfully fabricated superhydrophobic MOF-coated cotton fabric and fiber composites. These composites exhibited exceptional oil sorption properties achieving rapid removal of floating crude oil from water, as well as efficient purification of oil-in-water emulsions. They are also regenerable and reusable for multiple sorption processes. Overall, the results described here pave the way for an unprecedented expansion of the family of MOF-based superhydrophobic materials, as virtually any MOF could be converted into a superhydrophobic compound by applying the new synthetic approach.

The synthesis, characterization, and single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SCSC) exchange reactions of a new 3D Cu 2+ MOF based on 5-aminoisophthalic acid (H 2 AIP), [Cu 6 (μ 3 -ΟΗ) 3 (ΑΙΡ) 4 (HΑΙΡ)] n ·6 n DMF· n H 2 O - UCY-16 ·6 n DMF· n H 2 O, are reported. It exhibits a 3D structure based on two [Cu 4 (μ 3 -OH) 2 ] 6+ butterfly-like secondary building units, differing in their peripheral ligation, bridged through HAIP - /AIP 2- ligands. This compound displays the capability to exchange the coordinating ligand(s) and/or guest solvent molecules through SCSC reactions. Interestingly, heterogeneous reactions of single crystals of UCY-16 ·6 n DMF· n H 2 O with primary alcohols resulted not only in the removal of the lattice DMF molecules but also in an unprecedented structural alteration that involved the complete or partial replacement of the monoatomic bridging μ 3 -OH - anion(s) of the [Cu 4 (μ 3 -OH) 2 ] 6+ butterfly structural core by various alkoxy groups. Similar crystal-to-crystal exchange reactions of UCY-16 ·6 n DMF· n H 2 O with long-chain aliphatic alcohols (C x H 2 x +1 OH, x = 8-10, 12, 14, and 16) led to analogues containing fatty alcohols. Notably, the exchanged products with the bulkier alcohols UCY-16/ n -C x H 2 x +1 OH·S' ( x = 6-10, 12, 14, and 16) do not mix with H 2 O being quite stable in this solvent, in contrast to the pristine MOF, and exhibit a hydrophobic/superhydrophobic surface as confirmed from the investigation of their water contact angles and capability to remove hydrophobic pollutants from aqueous media.

Environmental pollution has been a reality for many decades, with its contamination intensifying daily due to rapid urbanization and the ever-increasing world population. Dyes, and especially synthetic ones, constitute a category of pollutants that not only affect the quality of water but also exhibit high toxicity toward living organisms. This study was thoroughly planned to explore the removal of two toxic dyes, namely the methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) compounds from contaminated aqueous media. For this purpose, we designed and synthesized two new composite materials based on ammonium-functionalized Zr 4+ MOF (MOR-1 or UiO-66-NH 3 + ) and naturally occurring sorbents, such as bentonite and clinoptilolite. The composite materials displayed exceptional sorption capability toward both MB + and MO - ions. A key finding of this study was the high efficiency of the composite materials to simultaneously remove MB + and MO - under continuous flow conditions, also showing regeneration capability and reusability, thus providing an alternative to well-known mixed bed resins.

In the present study we provide the sorption properties of four 8-connected Zr 4+ MOFs with the general formula H 16 [Zr 6 O 16 (RNH-BDC) 4 ]·solvent (RNH-BDC 2- = 2-alkyl-amine-terephthalate; R = ethyl-, ET-MOF ; R = propyl-, PROP-MOF ; R = isobutyl-, SBUT-MOF ; R = n -butyl, BUT-MOF ) towards toxic Cr(VI) and radionuclide-related ReO 4 - oxoanions. These MOFs represent superior sorbents for the removal of oxoanionic species, in terms of kinetics, sorption isotherms, selectivity and regeneration/reusability. The excellent sorption capability of the MOFs is due to a combination of surface and intra-framework sorption phenomena. The latter process proceeds via replacement of terminal water/hydroxyl ligands from the Zr 6 clusters and subsequent binding of oxonanions to the Zr 4+ centers, a fact that was proved via Rietveld PXRD analysis for the anion-loaded BUT-MOF . Importantly, BUT-MOF demonstrated an exceptional sorption capacity for Cr 2 O 7 2- (505 mg g -1 ) and was further utilized in a sorption column in the form of MOF/calcium alginate beads, displaying remarkable removal efficiency towards industrial (chrome-plating) wastewater. Furthermore, the luminescence Cr(VI) sensing properties of BUT-MOF were explored in detail, presenting high sensitivity (detection limits as low as 9 ppb) and selectivity for these species against various competitive anions.

The use of terephthalate ligands with C n H 2 n +1 NH-chains ( n ≥ 6) led to the isolation of the first examples of Zr 4+ -terephthalate MOFs with 6-connected frameworks. The material with hexyl-amino functional groups has been proved to be an exceptional sorbent for the removal of As(III/V) toxic species from aqueous media, whereas MOFs with heptyl to dodecyl-amino moieties are superhydrophobic with promising oil-water separation properties.

Trivalent lanthanide ions (Ln 3+ ) hold an exceptional position in the field of optoelectronic materials due to their atomic-like emission spectra and long luminescence lifetimes. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and coordination polymers are particularly suited as luminescent materials due to their structural diversity and ease of functionalization both at bridging ligands and/or metal centers. In this contribution, we present a series of mixed-metal Ln 3+ /Eu 3+ (Ln = La, Gd) and mixed-ligand (2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate (ndc 2- ) and 4-aminonaphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylate (andc 2- )) MOFs belonging to three different structural types, with emissions spanning most of the visible region, thereby constituting favorable materials for color tuning and white-light emission. We investigate the thermal stability and photophysical properties of the synthesized materials with regard to their metal and ligand doping levels and structural type, where we discuss excimer and monomer emission. The photophysical study, involving both steady-state and time-resolved luminescence measurements, allows us to discuss the possible energy migration and Eu 3+ sensitization pathways that take place within these materials following ligand excitation. Low-temperature luminescence studies led us to determine the energies of the ligand-based excited states and investigate their participation in thermally activated energy transfer mechanisms within the studied lattices. We observe emission quantum yields of up to 87% for the Eu 3+ -doped materials, while their ligand- and metal-doped counterparts show decreased quantum yields of up to 17%. Finally, we attempt fine color tuning by carefully adjusting the doping levels to achieve yellow and white-light emission.

Increasing global environmental pollution due to heavy metal ions raises the importance of research on new multifunctional materials for simultaneous detection and removal of these contaminants from water resources. In this study, we report a microporous 8-connected Zr 4+ metal-organic framework (MOF) based on a terephthalate ligand decorated with a chelating 2-picolylamine side group ( dMOR-2 ), which shows highly efficient fluorescence sensing and sorption of heavy metal cations. We demonstrate by detailed fluorescence studies the ability of a water-dispersible composite of dMOR-2 with polyvinylpyrrolidone for real-time detection of Cu 2+ , Pb 2+ , and Hg 2+ in aqueous media. The limits of detection were found to be below 2 ppb for these species, while the system's performance is not affected by the presence of other potentially competitive ions. In addition, sorption studies showed that a composite of dMOR-2 with calcium alginate ( dMOR-2@CaA ) is an excellent sorbent for Pb 2+ and Cu 2+ ions with capacities of 376 ± 15 and 117 ± 4 mg per gram of dMOR-2@CaA , respectively, while displaying the capability for simultaneous removal of various heavy metal ions in low initial concentrations and in the presence of large excesses of other cationic species. Structural and spectroscopic studies with model ligands analogous to our material's receptor unit showed chelation to the 2-picolylamine moiety to be the main binding mode of metal ions to dMOR-2 . Overall, dMOR-2 is shown to represent a rare example of a MOF, which combines sensitive fluorescence detection and high sorption capacity for heavy metal ions.

In this work, we introduce the use of MOFs immobilized on cotton fabrics as a sorbent phase for the fabric phase sorptive extraction and passive sampling of non-polar organic compounds from water samples. A water-stable, Zr 4+ -based MOF (UiO-66(Zr)-NH 2 ) was irreversibly immobilized on polydopamine decorated cotton through a step-wise synthetic procedure that maximized the amount of MOF immobilized on the fabric surface. In this manner it was possible to combine the permeability and the large contact surface area of the host cotton substrate with the high specific surface area and sorption capacity of the MOF. The MOF@cotton composite was used as a new sorbent phase for the fabric phase sorptive extraction of UV filters, as model organic compounds, not only under static (i.e. stirring assisted) but also in dynamic, flow-through extraction mode (i.e. as a solid phase extraction sorbent phase), producing satisfactory analytical results in terms of linearity of calibration curves (10-250 µg L -1 ), precision (<11%), detection limits <10 µg L -1 (using a single wavelength UV detector) and recoveries (86 - 119%) from various natural water samples. As a passive sampling sorbent phase, the MOF@cotton composite could linearly accumulate UV filters over time period of 35 days with sampling rates from 0.026 to 0.352 L d -1 , which are comparable to other passive sampling sorbent phases., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of a new robust Al 3+ metal-organic framework MOF, [Al(OH)(PATP)]·solvent ( Al-MOF-1 , with PATP 2- = 2-((pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino)terephthalate). Al-MOF-1 exhibits excellent stability from highly acidic (pH = 2) to basic (pH = 12) aqueous solutions or in the presence of oxoanionic species [As(V) and Cr(VI)]. On the contrary, the related MIL-53(Al) MOF (Al(OH) (BDC), with BDC 2- = terephthalate) shows a partial structure collapse under these conditions, signifying the superior chemical robustness of Al-MOF-1 . Al-MOF-1 was proved to be an effective sorbent toward As(V) with efficient sorption capacity (71.9 ± 3.8 mg As/g), rapid sorption kinetics (equilibrium time ≤1 min), and high selectivity in the presence of various competing anions. Furthermore, Al-MOF-1 revealed high sorption capacities for Cr(VI) species in both neutral (124.5 ± 8.6 mg Cr/g) and acidic (63 ± 2 mg Cr/g) aqueous media, combining fast kinetics and relatively good selectivity. The limited porosity (BET = 38 m 2 /g) and small pores (2-3 Å) of the material indicate that the sorption process occurs exclusively on the external surface of Al-MOF-1 particles. The driving force for the capture of oxoanions by Al-MOF-1 is the strong electrostatic interactions between the oxoanionic species and the positively charged surface of MOF particles. Aiming at a practical wastewater treatment, we have also immobilized Al-MOF-1 on a cotton substrate, coated with polydopamine. The fabric sorbent exhibited highly effective removal of the toxic oxoanionic species from aqueous media under either batch or dynamic (continuous flow) conditions. In addition, Al-MOF-1 was found to be a promising luminescence sensor for detecting trace amounts of Cr(VI) in real water samples, with Cr(VI) being successfully detected at concentrations well below the acceptable limits (<50 ppb). Moreover, Al-MOF-1 was demonstrated to be a sufficient water sensor in organic solvents (LOD ≤0.25% v/v). All the above indicate that Al-MOF-1 represents a multifunctional material with a multitude of potential applications, such as environmental remediation, industrial wastewater treatment, chemical analysis, and water determination in biofuels.

Alkaline earth metal ion organic frameworks (AEMOFs) represent a relatively underexplored subcategory of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). In this contribution, we present the synthesis and structural study of the new MOFs 1-8 based on the alkaline earth ions Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+ and Ba2+ and the amino substituted bridging ligands 4-aminonaphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylate (ANDC2-) and 4,8-diaminonaphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylate (DANDC2-). Compounds 1, 5, 6, 7 and 8 constitute rare examples of three-dimensional MOFs which feature square planar M4 secondary building units (SBUs) surrounded by eight bridging ditopic ligands. The underlying topology of MOFs 1, 5, 7 and 8 conforms to the 4-c pcb net which can be simplified to the 8-c bcu net, while 6 adopts the 4-c lta net which simplifies to the 8-c reo net. To the best of our knowledge these are the first examples of MOFs of their structural types formed by linear dicarboxylates instead of trigonal tricarboxylates or tetrahedral tetracarboxylates. Compounds 2, 3 and 4 also feature three dimensional networks with linear rod-shaped SBUs with the Ba2+ MOF 3 displaying an sra rod-net and MOFs 2 and 4 showing very complex rod-nets with so far unique topologies. Fluorescence studies revealed that the free ligands exhibit strong blue-green emission displaying considerable positive solvatochromism thereby pointing towards charge transfer excited states involving the shift of electron density from the amino groups to the aromatic core. Correspondingly, the MOFs display ligand based fluorescence with small differences in emission maxima possibly attributable to the difference in the charge density of the metal ions combined with the different environments around ligands in the crystal structures.

Exposure of humans to Arsenic from groundwater drinking sources is an acute global public health problem, entailing the urgent need for highly efficient/low-cost Arsenite (As III ) up-taking materials. Herein we present an innovative hybrid-material, ZrMOF@SF d operating like an "As III -sponge" with unprecedented efficiency of 1800 mg As III gr -1 . ZrMOF@SF d consists of a neutral Zirconium Metal-Organic Framework [ZrMOF] covalently grafted on a natural silk-fiber (SF d ). ZrMOF itself exhibits As III adsorption of 2200 mg gr -1 , which supersedes any -so far- known As ΙΙΙ -sorbent. Using XPS, FTIR, BET-porosimetry data, together with theoretical Surface-Complexation-Modeling (SCM), we show that the high-As ΙΙΙ -uptake is due to a sequence of two phenomena:[i] at low As III -concentrations, surface-complexation of H 3 AsO 3 results in As III -coated voids of ZrMOF, [ii] at increased As III -concentrations, the As III -coated voids of ZrMOF are filled-up by H 3 AsO 3 via a partitioning-like mechanism. In a more general context, the present research exemplifies a mind-changing concept, i.e. that a "partitioning-like" mechanism can be operating for adsorption of metalloids, such as H 3 AsO 3, by metal oxide materials. So far, such a mechanism has been conceptualized only for the uptake of non-polar organics by natural organic matter or synthetic polymers.

Although the interactions of oligopyridine ruthenium complexes with DNA have been widely studied, the biological activity of similar diruthenium oligopyridine complexes conjugated with peptides has not been investigated. Herein, we report the stepwise synthesis and characterization of diruthenium complexes with the general formula [(L a )Ru(tppz)Ru(L b )] n+ (tppz = 2,3,5,6-tetra(2-pyridyl)pyrazine, L a = 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine or 4-phenyl-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine and L b = 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine-4'-CO(Gly 1 -Gly 2 -Gly 3 -LysCONH 2 ) (5), (6), n = 5; 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine-4'-CO(Gly 1 -Gly 2 -Lys 1 -Lys 2 CONH 2 ) (7), (8), n = 6; 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine-4'-CO(Ahx-Lys 1 Lys 2 CONH 2 ) (9), (10), n = 5, Ahx = 6-aminohexanoic acid). The compounds [(trpy)Ru(tppz)Ru(trpy-CO 2 H)](PF 6 ) 4 , (2)(PF 6 ) 4 , [(ptrpy)Ru(tppz)Ru(trpy-CO 2 H)](PF 6 ) 4 , (3)(PF 6 ) 4 and [(ptrpy)Ru(tppz)Ru(trpy)](PF 6 ) 4 , (4)(PF 6 ) 4 were also characterized by single crystal X-ray methods. Moreover, the interactions of the chloride salts (5), (6) and (4) with the self-complementary dodecanucleotide duplex d(5'-CGCGAATTCGCG-3') 2 were studied by NMR spectroscopic techniques. The results show that complex (4) binds in the central part of the oligonucleotide, from the minor groove through the ligand ptrpy, while the ligand trpy, which was located on the other side of the diruthenium core, does not contribute to the binding. Complex (5) binds similarly, through the ligand ptrpy. However, the induced upfield shifts of the ptrpy proton signals are significantly lower than the corresponding ones in the case of (4), indicating much lower binding affinity. This is clear evidence that the tethered peptide Gly 1 -Gly 2 -Gly 3 -Lys 1 CONH 2 hinders the complex binding, even though it contains groups that are able to assist it (e.g., the positively charged amino group of lysine, the peptidic backbone, the terminal amide). Complex (6) shows a non-specific binding, interacting through electrostatic forces. The chloride salts of (4), (5) and (6) had insignificant effects on the cell cycle distribution and marginal cytotoxicity (IC 50 > 750 μM) against human lung cancer cell lines H1299 and H1437, indicating that their binding to the oligonucleotide is not a sufficient condition for their cytotoxicity.

In today's changing medical climate, physicians need to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) better and more cost-effectively. The authors review recommendations supported by recent research and offer simple practices that integrate medicine and behavioral health for patients with ADHD., (Copyright © 2017 Cleveland Clinic.)

The composite anion-exchange material MOR-1-HA (metal-organic resin-1-alginic acid) was investigated as sorbent for the capture of the methyl orange anion (MO - ) from aqueous solutions. MOR-1-HA shows a remarkably high sorption capacity (up to 859 mg g -1 ) and rapid sorption kinetics, the fastest among the reported metal-organic sorbents. It is capable of absorbing MO - over a wide pH range (1-8) and, in addition, it exhibits significant MO - sorption affinity even in the presence of large excesses of competing anions (e.g., Cl - , NO 3 - , SO 4 2- ). The exceptional MO - -sorption properties of MOR-1-HA arise not only from its highly porous structure and easily exchangeable Cl - anions, but also from a multitude of interaction effects, such as electrostatic interactions between MO - and the NH 3 + groups of the material, hydration/dehydration, hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity, size and capacity of generating lateral interactions, and intercalation as revealed by theoretical studies. An ion-exchange column with a stationary phase containing MOR-1-HA and silica sand showed high efficiency for the removal of MO - from various types of aqueous samples. The column can be readily regenerated and reused for many runs with minimal loss (2.3-9.3 %) of its exchange capacity. The simplicity of the MOR-1-HA/sand column and its high regeneration capability and reusability make it particularly attractive for application in the remediation of MO - -contaminated industrial wastewater., (© 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

Over the last 3-4 decades, solid-state chemistry has emerged as the forefront of materials design and development. The field has revolutionized into a multidisciplinary subject and matured with a scope of new synthetic strategies, new challenges, and opportunities. Understanding the structure is very crucial in the design of appropriate materials for desired applications. Professor Mercouri G. Kanatzidis has encountered both challenges and opportunities during the course of the discovery of many novel materials. Throughout his scientific career, Mercouri and his group discovered several inorganic compounds and pioneered structure-property relationships. We, a few Ph.D. and postdoctoral students, celebrate his 60th birthday by providing a Viewpoint summarizing his contributions to inorganic solid-state chemistry. The topics discussed here are of significant interest to various scientific communities ranging from condensed matter to green energy production.

Platinum(ii) complexes of the formula PtLCl 2 [L = 2-(2'-pyridyl)quinoxaline, (pqx) (1), 2,(2'-pyridyl)benzo[g]quinoxaline, (pbqx) (3) and 2,(2'-pyridyl)quinoline, (pqn) (5)] were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic and X-ray diffraction methods. Also, monodentate coordination of the ligands pqx and pbqx formed the complexes trans-Pt(DMSO)pqxCl 2 (2) and trans-Pt(DMSO)pbqxCl 2 (4) as it is indicated from X-ray crystal structure and NMR studies. The reaction of the complexes (1), (3) and (5) with DMSO-d 6 revealed a ligand-release solvolysis, which was studied by means of NMR techniques. Correlation between the crystal structures of (1), (3), and (5) and the kinetic or thermodynamic parameters of the solvolysis reactions showed that the tendency of the ligands pqx, pbqx, and pqn to return to the anti-configuration in addition to their ability to form non-classical H-bonds are crucial factors for the ligand-release solvolysis. Instantaneous DMSO-d 6 solvolysis for the complexes (1) and (3) and slow kinetics solvolysis for (5) (k = 10 -4 ± 6.4 × 10 -6 s -1 ) reflect their structural differences in ligand planarity. Based on NMR techniques a two-step mechanism of the chelate ring opening was suggested with equilibrium constants of the overall reaction at 298 K, K eq = 4.1 ± 0.2 × 10 -4 M -1 (1) and K eq = 1.7 ± 0.2 × 10 -4 M -1 (2).

Metal sulfide ion-exchangers ( MSIEs ) represent a new addition to the field of ion exchange materials. This is a growing class of materials that display exceptional selectivity and rapid sorption kinetics for soft or relatively soft metal ions as a result of their soft basic frameworks. Without requiring functionalization, they outperform the most efficient sulfur-functionalized materials. This is the first review focusing on this class of materials; it covers the most important MSIEs , focusing on their synthesis, structural features and ion-exchange chemistry. Furthermore, recent developments in the engineered and composite forms of MSIEs are described. Future research opportunities are also discussed in the hope of inspiring additional scientists to engage in this new area of research on sulfidic ion-exchange materials.

Objective: Abnormal eye gaze is a hallmark characteristic of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and numerous studies have identified abnormal attention patterns in ASD. The primary aim of the present study was to create an objective, eye tracking-based autism risk index., Method: In initial and replication studies, children were recruited after referral for comprehensive multidisciplinary evaluation of ASD and subsequently grouped by clinical consensus diagnosis (ASD n = 25/15, non-ASD n = 20/19 for initial/replication samples). Remote eye tracking was blinded to diagnosis and included multiple stimuli. Dwell times were recorded to each a priori-defined region of interest (ROI) and averaged across ROIs to create an autism risk index. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses examined classification accuracy. Correlations with clinical measures evaluated whether the autism risk index was associated with autism symptom severity independent of language ability., Results: In both samples, the autism risk index had high diagnostic accuracy (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.91 and 0.85, 95% CIs = 0.81-0.98 and 0.71-0.96), was strongly associated with Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Second Edition (ADOS-2) severity scores (r = 0.58 and 0.59, p < .001), and not significantly correlated with language ability (r ≤| -0.28|, p > .095)., Conclusion: The autism risk index may be a useful quantitative and objective measure of risk for autism in at-risk settings. Future research in larger samples is needed to cross-validate these findings. If validated and scaled for clinical use, this measure could inform clinical judgment regarding ASD diagnosis and track symptom improvements., (Copyright © 2016 American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/C5SC03732H.].

We report an anion exchange composite material based on a protonated amine-functionalized metal-organic framework, denoted Metal Organic Resin-1 ( MOR-1 ), and alginic acid ( HA ). MOR-1-HA material shows an exceptional capability to rapidly and selectively sorb Cr(vi) under a variety of conditions and in the presence of several competitive ions. The selectivity of MOR-1-HA for Cr(vi) is shown to be the result of strong O 3 Cr VI ···NH 2 interactions. The composite sorbent can be successfully utilized in an ion-exchange column, in contrast to pristine MOR-1 which forms fine suspensions in water passing through the column. Remarkably, an ion exchange column with only 1% wt MOR-1-HA and 99% wt sand (an inert and inexpensive material) is capable of reducing moderate and trace Cr(vi) concentrations to well below the acceptable safety limits for water. The relatively low cost of MOR-1-HA /sand column and its high regeneration capability and reusability make it particularly attractive for application in the remediation of Cr(vi)-bearing industrial waste.

The reactions of various copper(ii) sources with 2-acetylpyridine, (py)(me)CO, and 2-benzoylpyridine, (py)(ph)CO, under strongly basic conditions have been studied and novel ligand transformations have been discovered. Reaction of Cu(ClO4)2·6H2O and (py)(me)CO in the presence of NBu4(n)OMe (1 : 1 : 1) in CHCl3 gave a mixture of [Cu2Cl2(HLA)2](ClO4)2 (1) and [Cu2Cl2(LB)2(ClO4)2] (2), where HLA is 3-hydroxy-1,3-di(pyridin-2-yl)-butane-1-one and LB is the zwitterionic-type ligand 3-hydroxy-1-methyl-3-(pyridin-2-yl)-3H-indolizin-4-ium. The ligand HLA is formed through an aldol reaction-type mechanism, while the formation of LB takes place via an intramolecular nucleophilic attack of the remote 2-pyridyl nitrogen atom on the positive carbonyl carbon of HLA, after the transformation of the latter through deprotonation and dehydration. The Cu(II) ions in 1 are bridged by two 2.1111 HLA ligands resulting in a long Cu(II)Cu(II) distance (5.338 Å); the metal ions in 2 are triply bridged by the alkoxide oxygen atoms of the two 2.21 LB ligands and one 2.1100 perchlorato group. The absence of α-hydrogens in (py)(ph)CO leads the reactivity of this ligand in the presence of Cu(II) to different pathways. The Cu(ClO4)2·6H2O/(py)(ph)CO/NBu4(n)OMe reaction mixture in MeOH/H2O (25 : 1 v/v) gave the dinuclear cationic complex [Cu2{(py)(ph)CO}2(LC)2](ClO4)2 (3), where LC(-) is the anion of (methoxy)(phenyl)(pyridin-2-yl)methanol formed in situ via the nucleophilic addition of MeO(-) to the carbonyl carbon of (py)(ph)CO upon Cu(II) coordination. The Cu(II) ions in the cation are doubly bridged by the deprotonated oxygen atoms of the two LC(-) ligands. Replacement of Cu(ClO4)2·6H2O with Cu(NO3)2·3H2O and NBu4(n)OMe with NMe4OH and the decrease of the H2O concentration in the above reaction system yielded the tetranuclear coordination cluster [Cu4(OMe)2(NO3)4{(py)(ph)CO}2(LC)2] (4). The Cu(II) centres in this complex define a parallelogram. Two parallel sides of the parallelogram are each supported by deprotonated oxygen atoms belonging to a 2.21 LC(-) ligand and a 2.2 MeO(-) group. The metal ions that define each of the other two sides are singly bridged by an oxygen atom of a 2.210 nitrato group. No bridging exists between the Cu(II) ions that define the two diagonals of the parallelogram. Replacement of MeOH with EtOH in the reaction system that gave 4 resulted in the dinuclear complex [Cu2(NO3)2(LD)2)(EtOH)] (5), LD(-) being the anion of (ethoxy)(phenyl)(pyridin-2-yl)methanol. The Cu(II) ions are doubly bridged by the alkoxide oxygen atoms of the two 2.21 LD(-) ligands. The 1 : 1 : 1 Cu(NO3)2·3H2O/(py)(ph)CO/NMe4OH reaction system in CH3NO2 gave the dinuclear complex [Cu2(NO3)2(LE)2] (6), where LE(-) is the anion of 2-nitro-1-phenyl-1-(pyridin-2-yl)ethanol. The OH(-) ion abstracts one of the methyl hydrogens of CH3NO2, and once the carbanion (-):CH2NO2 is formed it attacks the positive (δ+) carbonyl carbon of (py)(ph)CO; as the carbanion forms the new C-C bond, the π electrons of the carbonyl group of the original ligand are transferred completely to oxygen forming the alkoxide-type ligand LE(-). The Cu(II) ions are doubly bridged by the alkoxide oxygen atoms of the two 2.21 LE(-) ligands. Simplified mechanistic views of the Cu(II)-assisted formation of the transformed ligands are proposed. Dc magnetic susceptibility studies in the 2-300 K range for the representative complexes 3-6 reveal the presence of very strong antiferromagnetic Cu(II)Cu(II) exchange interactions in the dinuclear complexes 3, 5, and 6 and within the dimeric {Cu2(OMe)(NO3){(py)(ph)CO}(LC)}(+) subunits of 4. The strong antiferromagnetic coupling is discussed in terms of the large Cu-O-Cu angles (101.0-102.9°) in the dinuclear, planar {Cu2O2} units/subunits of 3-6.

Objective: This study compared the relative effects of three treatment conditions: long-acting stimulant medication (MED), behavior modification, and medication/behavioral treatments combined (COM) in children with ADHD., Method: A total of 25 children, aged 6 to 12 years, received the three treatment conditions during a 7-week Summer Treatment Program in an alternating treatments design. Counselors completed behavioral ratings from 0.5 to 12.5 hr post dose, and parents completed nighttime ratings., Results: Ratings for SKAMP (Swanson, Kotkin, Agler, M-Flynn, and Pelham) and for following instructions indicated COM and MED improved symptoms over BEH treatment beginning 3 hr post dose (p = .008), with ratings maintained 12.5 hr post dose (p = .001 and .006). Results for frustration tolerance indicated significant improvement in all three conditions until 9 hr post dose., Conclusion: MED and COM separated from BEH at 3 hr post dose, and sustained benefit was observed across the day for two of three measures. BEH appears to have an additive effect, extending the duration of frustration tolerance., (© 2012 SAGE Publications.)

Alkaline earth (group 2) metal ion organic frameworks (AEMOFs) represent an important subcategory of MOFs with interesting structures and physical properties. Five MOFs, namely, [Mg2(H2dhtp)2(μ-H2O)(NMP)4] (AEMOF-2), [Mg2(H2dhtp)1.5(DMAc)4]Cl·DMAc (AEMOF-3), [Ca(H2dhtp)(DMAc)2] (AEMOF-4), [Sr3(H2dhtp)3(DMAc)6]·H2O (AEMOF-5), and [Ba(H2dhtp)(DMAc)] (AEMOF-6) (H4dhtp = 2,5-dihydroxy-terepthalic acid; DMAc = N,N-dimethylacetamide; NMP = N-methylpyrrolidone), are presented herein. The reported MOFs display structural variety with diverse topologies and new structural features. Interestingly, AEMOF-6 is the first example of a Ba(2+)-H2dhtp(2-) MOF, and AEMOF-5 is only the second known Sr(2+)-H2dhtp(2-) MOF. Detailed photoluminescence studies revealed alkaline earth metal ion-dependent fluorescence properties of the materials, with the heavier alkaline earth metal ions exhibiting red-shifted emission with respect to the lighter ions at room temperature. A bathochromic shift of the emission was observed for the MOFs (mostly for AEMOF-3 and AEMOF-4) at 77 K as a result of excited state proton transfer (ESIPT), which involves an intramolecular proton transfer from a hydroxyl to an adjacent carboxylic group of the H2dhtp(2-) ligand. Remarkably, AEMOF-6 displays rare yellow fluorescence at room temperature, which is attractive for solid state lighting applications. To probe whether the alkaline earth metal ions are responsible for the unusual luminescence properties of the reported MOFs, the potential energy surfaces (PESs) of the ground, S0, and lowest energy excited singlet, S1, states of model complexes along the intramolecular proton transfer coordinate were calculated by DFT and TD-DFT methods.

The development of efficient sensors for the determination of the water content in organic solvents is highly desirable for a number of chemical industries. Presented herein is a Mg(2+) metal-organic framework (MOF), which exhibits the remarkable capability to rapidly detect traces of water (0.05-5 % v/v) in various organic solvents through an unusual turn-on luminescence sensing mechanism. The extraordinary sensitivity and fast response of this MOF for water, and its reusability make it one of the most powerful water sensors known., (© 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

The synthesis, structural characterization and magnetic properties of a 1D coordination polymer based on a linear mixed valent [Mn(III)2Mn(II)] repeating unit are described. It displays single-chain magnet (SCM) behaviour with an energy barrier of ∼38 K and represents the first example of a mixed valent Mn-carboxylate SCM with a linear architecture.

Two molecular grid-like clusters are reported, one is a discrete [3 × 5] grid and the other a [3 × 4] grid within a Mn12Ni2 loop. Both Mn24Ni2 and Mn15 aggregates display novel and aesthetically pleasing structures with the former one being among the highest nuclearity heterometallic MnxMy clusters (M = any transition metal ion).

The reaction of Appel salt 1 with 1H-pyrazol-5-amines 2 gives main products N-(4-chloro-5H-1,2,3-dithiazol-5-ylidene)-1H-pyrazol-5-amines 3, and 6H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]isothiazole-3-carbonitriles 5, together with several minor side products. When the pyrazoles are N-1 methylated, the product ratio 3:5 can be modified by adjusting the pH of the reaction medium: acidic conditions favor formation of the dithiazolylidenes 3, while basic conditions favor formation of pyrazolo[3,4-c]isothiazoles 5. Furthermore, thermolysis of N-(4-chloro-5H-1,2,3-dithiazol-5-ylidene)-1H-pyrazol-5-amines 3 gives 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]thiazole-5-carbonitriles 4. Single crystal X-ray crystallography supports the structure of 4,6-dimethyl-6H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]isothiazole-3-carbonitrile (5a) and helps resolve a previous incorrect structural assignment of 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]thiazole-5-carbonitriles 4.

2-Amino-N'-arylbenzamidines react with 4,5-dichloro-1,2,3-dithiazolium chloride (Appel salt) in the presence of Hünig's base (2 equiv) to give in one step 3-aryl-4-imino-3,4-dihydroquinazoline-2-carbonitriles in 53-81% yields. Nine examples are presented along with the single-crystal X-ray structure of 4-imino-3-phenyl-3,4-dihydroquinazoline-2-carbonitrile. Furthermore, the behavior of the latter toward both acid and base hydrolysis is investigated. All new compounds are fully characterized, and a mechanistic rationale for the formation of the iminoquinazolines is provided.

Optimal management of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) requires a comprehensive treatment approach that reduces symptoms and improves quality of life. Psychosocial therapy, an important adjunct to pharmacotherapy for patients with ADHD, enables patients to improve functional performance across domains of life and maximizes the benefits of symptom reduction achieved via medication. This article evaluates the main types of psychosocial therapies used in the treatment of adult ADHD and discusses treatment goals within the context of skill acquisition and strength optimization. Factors influencing the success of psychosocial therapy and the role of a comprehensive treatment approach are also examined. The sequenced presentation of symptom reduction and skill acquisition plays a key role in coordinating psychosocial therapy and pharmacotherapy in a multimodal strategy for the effective treatment of adult ADHD.

A 1-D coordination polymer, constructed using a combination of diols and phenolic oximes, contains a novel [Mn(9)] sub-unit, a nanosized [Mn(40)] octagonal super-structure and a [Mn(21)] repeating unit.

Four new organotin(IV) complexes of bis-(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol)tin(IV) dichloride [(tert-Bu-)(2)(HO-Ph)](2)SnCl(2) (1) with the heterocyclic thioamides 2-mercapto-pyrimidine (PMTH), 2-mercapto-4-methyl-pyrimidine (MPMTH), 2-mercapto-pyridine (PYTH) and 2-mercapto-benzothiazole (MBZTH), of formulae {[(tert-Bu-)(2)(HO-Ph)](2)Sn(PMT)(2)} (2), {[(tert-Bu-)(2)(HO-Ph)](2)Sn(MPMT)(2)} (3), {[(tert-Bu-)(2)(HO-Ph)](2)SnCl(PYT)} (4) and {[(tert-Bu-)(2)(HO-Ph)](2)SnCl(MBZT)} (5), have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, (1)H-, (13)C-, (119)Sn-NMR, EPR, FT-IR, Raman and Mössbauer spectroscopic techniques. The crystal and molecular structures of compounds 1–5 have been determined by X-ray diffraction. The geometries around the metal center adopted in complexes 1–5 varied between tetrahedral in 1, trigonal bipyramidal in 3, 4, 5 and distorted octahedral in 2. Two carbon atoms from aryl groups and two chlorine atoms form a distorted tetrahedron in the case of 1. Two carbon, two sulfur and two nitrogen atoms from thione ligands form a distorted octahedral geometry around tin(IV) with trans-C(2), cis-N(2), cis-S(2)-configurations in 2. However, in the case of 4 and 5 complexes two carbon, one sulfur, one nitrogen and one chloride atom form a distorted trigonal bipyramidal arrangement. Finally, in the case of 3 the trigonal bipyramidal geometry is achieved by two carbon, two sulfur and one nitrogen atom in a unique coordination mode of thioamides toward the tin(IV) cation. Compounds 1–5 were tested for their in vitro cytotoxicity against the human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cell line. Compound 3 exhibits strong cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 cells (IC(50) = 0.58 ± 0.1 μM).

The reaction of copper(I) iodide with 6-n-propylthiouracil (ptu) in the presence or absence of the triphenylphosphine (tpp) or tri(p-tolyl)phosphine (tptp) in a 1:1:2 molar ratio forms the mixed ligand Cu(I) complex with formula [CuI(ptu)2](toluene) (1), [CuI(tpp)2(ptu)] (2), and [CuI(tptp)2(ptu)] (3). The complexes have been characterized by FT-IR, (1)H NMR, UV-vis, spectroscopic techniques, and single crystal X-ray crystallography. Two sulfur atoms from two ptu ligands and one iodide form a trigonal geometry around the metal center in 1. Intramolecular interactions through hydrogen bonds lead to a bend ribbon polymeric supramolecular architecture with zigzag conformation. Two phosphorus atoms from two arylphosphines, one sulfur atom, and one iodide anion form a tetrahedron around the copper ion in case of 2 and 3. Intramolecular hydrogen bonding interactions lead to dimerization. Complexes 1-3 and the already known ones with formulas, [(tpSb)2Cu(μ2-I)2Cu(tpSb)2] (4) (tbSb = triphenylstibine), [(tpp)Cu(μ2-I)2Cu(tpp)2] (5), [(tpp)Cu(μ2-Cl)2Cu(tpp)2] (6), [CuCl(tpp)3·(CH3CN)] (7), and [AuCl(tpp)] (8), were used to study their catalytic activity on the intermolecular cycloaddition of iodonium ylides toward benzo[b]furans formation. The results show that both the metal and the ligand type affect the catalytic affinity of the complexes. The highest yield of benzo[b]furan was derived when complexes 2, 3, and 4 were used as catalysts. The mechanism of the Cu(I)-catalyzed and uncatalyzed intramolecular cycloaddition of iodonium ylide has been also thoroughly explored by means of ab initio electronic structure calculation methods, and the results are compared with the experimental ones.

Uranium is the main source for nuclear energy but also one of the most toxic heavy metals. The current methods for uranium removal from water present limitations, such as narrow pH operating range, limited tolerance to high salt concentrations, or/and high cost. We show here that a layered sulfide ion exchanger K(2)MnSn(2)S(6) (KMS-1) overcomes these limitations and is exceptionally capable in selectively and rapidly sequestering high (ppm) as well as trace (ppb) quantities of UO(2)(2+) under a variety of conditions, including seawater. KMS-1 can efficiently absorb the naturally occurring U traces in seawater samples. The results presented here reveal the exceptional potential of sulfide-based ion-exchangers for remediating of uranium-containing wastes and groundwater and for extracting uranium from the sea.

Single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SCSC) transformations represent some of the most fascinating phenomena in chemistry. They are not only intriguing from a basic science point of view but also provide a means to modify or tune the properties of the materials via the postsynthetic introduction of suitable guest molecules or organic functional groups into their structures. Here, we describe UCY-2, a new flexible Nd(3+) metal-organic framework (MOF), which exhibits a unique capability to undergo a plethora of SCSC transformations with some of them being very uncommon. These structural alterations involve the replacement of coordinating solvent molecules of UCY-2 by terminally ligating solvents and organic ligands with multiple functional groups including -OH, -SH, -NH-, and -NH(2) or their combinations, chelating ligands, anions, and two different organic compounds. The SCSC coordinating solvent exchange is thus demonstrated as a powerful method for the functionalization of MOFs.

A Mn(III)(4)Ni(II)(4) molecular square exhibiting slow magnetization relaxation has been prepared from the reaction of a Mn(II)(4)Mn(III)(6)Mn(IV)(2) cluster and a simple Ni(II) source., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012)

Three new antimony(III) halide complexes (SbX(3), X=Cl, Br and I) with the heterocyclic thione ω-thiocaprolactam (1-azacycloheptane-2-thione, (Hthcl)) of formulae {[SbCl(2)(μ(2)-Cl)(Hthcl)(2)](n)} (1), {[(SbBr(2)(μ(2)-Br)(Hthcl)(2))(2)]} (2) and {[(SbI(2)(μ(2)-I)(Hthcl)(2))(2)]} (3) were synthesized from the reaction of antimony(III) halides with ω-thiocaprolactam in 1:2 stoichiometry. The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy, (1)H, (13)C NMR spectroscopy and Thermal Gravimetry-Differential Thermal Analysis (TG-DTA). Crystal structures of the ligand ω-thiocaprolactam and its complexes 1-3 were determined with single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Complexes 1-3 and ω-thiocaprolactam were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic activity against leiomyosarcoma (LMS) and human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) tumor cell lines. Antimony complexes 1-3 exhibit strong antiproliferative activity against both cell lines tested. The higher such activity was found for 3 with IC(50) values of 0.12±0.04 μM (LMS) and 0.76±0.16 μM (MCF-7) which are 60 and 10 times respectively, stronger than that of cisplatin. The influence of these complexes 1-3 and ω-thiocaprolactam upon the catalytic peroxidation of linoleic acid to hyperoxolinoleic acid by the enzyme lipoxygenase (LOX) was kinetically and theoretically studied. The results were shown negligible inhibitory activity of 1-3 against LOX., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Five novel pentanuclear Fe(3+) clusters with the aliphatic amino-alcohol ligands 3-amino-1-propanol (Hap) and 2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine (Hhmpip) [Fe(5)(μ(3)-Ο)(2)(L)(4)(O(2)CR)(7)] [L = ap(-), R = Ph (1); L = ap(-), R = C(CH(3))(3) (2); L = hmpip(-), R = Ph (3); L = hmpip(-), R = C(CH(3))(3) (4)] and [Fe(5)(μ(4)-Ο)(μ(3)-Ο)(O(2)CC(CH(3))(3))(8)(ap)(2)Cl(HO(2)CC(CH(3))(3))] (5) are reported. Compounds 1-4 were prepared from reactions of preformed trinuclear Fe(3+) clusters with the ligands in a molar ratio 1 : 5 in MeCN (1, 3, 4) or DMF (2), whereas compound 5 was prepared from the reaction of FeCl(3) with Hap in the presence of HO(2)CC(CH(3))(3) in a molar ratio 1 : 3 : 2 in MeCN. To the best of our knowledge, 1-5 are the first examples of Fe(3+) complexes with the ligands Hap and Hhmpip. The structures of 1-4 are composed of a quasi-planar [Fe(5)(μ(3)-O)(2)](11+) core which consists of two vertex-sharing [Fe(3)(μ(3)-O)](7+) triangles. The structure of 5 is based on the [Fe(5)(μ(4)-O)(μ(3)-O)](11+) core, in which the five Fe(3+) ions adopt a monocapped trigonal pyramidal topology. Variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements on powdered microcrystalline samples of 1 and 5 revealed the existence of antiferromagnetic interactions which led to an S = 5/2 ground state. Mössbauer spectroscopy studies on powdered microcrystalline samples of 1 and 5 confirmed that all iron ions of both complexes are in the Fe(3+) (S = 5/2) state. The variation of the ligand environment in the various iron sites was reflected in their different quadruple splitting parameters. At T < 50 K the Mössbauer spectra indicated the onset of spin relaxation effects in the time scale of the technique (10(-7)-10(-8) s).

The initial use of a novel elongated tricarboxylic acid H(3)hmpib in metal-organic framework (MOF) chemistry resulted in a [Zn(4)O(hmpib)(2)] MOF (UCY-1) with pyrite topology. The compound displays a remarkably high internal surface area despite its double-interpenetrated structure as well as high CO(2) uptake and selective adsorption for it over CH(4).

ADHD is one of the most common neurobehavioral disorders of childhood, and FDA-approved medications offer an efficacious treatment option. However, case reports and anecdotal sources suggest that children can have emotional responses, both salutary and detrimental, to these agents. We have previously conducted a comprehensive literature review and found very few research studies systematically examining changes in emotional expression (EE) associated with ADHD medication use. In addition, no empirical data pertaining to the management of these responses could be found. Although few methodologically stringent data are available for changes in EE, such changes should be recognized and measured to determine appropriate responses by clinicians and to maximize treatment benefits and reduce side effects. In this companion report, we draw on available research evidence and clinical experience to explore typical clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis, scales for monitoring, and management approaches of EE observed with pharmacologic treatment of ADHD. In the future, controlled clinical trials of ADHD pharmacotherapy should employ standardized ratings of EE at baseline, during and after treatment. In addition, future research studies should examine various management approaches of these EE changes, to ensure maximal treatment benefits and minimal risks to patients with ADHD who are treated with medication.

Objective: To summarize the literature investigating changes in emotional expression (EE) as a function of pharmacotherapy in the treatment of ADHD and to differentiate emotional effects related to ADHD pharmacotherapy from emotional effects related to ADHD as a disorder., Method: English language articles published from January 1, 1988, through August 31, 2008 were identified through a PubMed literature search using the search terms attention, ADHD, hyperactive, hyperkinesis, and ADD cross-referenced with medication terms amphetamine, lisdexamfetamine, methylphenidate , guanfacine, atomoxetine, and clonidine. The search was limited to randomized, controlled trials. Abstracts from all identified articles were selected for further review if they met criteria including (a) presence of a placebo arm, (b) children ≤ 18 years of age, (c) ≥ 20 participants, and (b) study design elements that would allow reviewers to determine whether EE phenomena were specifically attributable to medication effects versus alternative explanations (e.g., time, maturation, baseline comorbidity, selection artifacts, or treatments other than the medication-placebo contrast). Qualifying full-text articles were reviewed for prespecified EE terms., Results: Of 148 articles that met selection criteria, 47 reported varying types of EE. Eight of these included two active treatment arms. Hence, 55 data sets were identified. Patterns of change in EE in studies meeting search criteria are discussed. Data sets that reported accounts of EE by the percentage of patients were compiled and further analyzed for specific medication classes. The changes in EE are further discussed as (a) salutary or detrimental, (b) associated with time of day or circumscribed, and (c) presumed to be caused by pharmacological effects., Conclusions: Definitive methodologies for assessing the presence of changes in EE in clinical trials and guidelines for the evaluation of EE in clinical practice are yet to be established and are needed. Such guidelines could be used by clinicians to monitor positive and negative changes in emotion when patients are taking medications for their ADHD.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the time course and predictors of improvement in health-related quality of life (HRQL) and medication satisfaction in children diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and treated with the methylphenidate transdermal system (MTS)., Methods: Temporal relationships between ADHD symptoms, medication satisfaction, and HRQL measures were examined via latent growth curve, structural path, and growth mixture models., Results: Higher levels of medication satisfaction at the end of titration predicted greater increases in family HRQL (p=0.004) and, to a lesser extent, child HRQL (p=0.068) throughout the study. At 4 of 6 (p<0.05) and 5 of 6 (p<0.10) contemporaneous time points, ADHD symptoms predicted child HRQL. At 2 of 6 (p<0.05) and 3 of 6 (p<0.10) contemporaneous time points, ADHD symptoms predicted family HRQL. ADHD did not predict child or family HRQL improvements at subsequent time points. A uniform pattern of change for child HRQL was noted, with most HRQL change following the pattern of symptom change during titration. Three distinct patterns of change were noted for family HRQL., Conclusions: In most cases, medication satisfaction, ADHD symptoms, and HRQL improved simultaneously, suggesting that HRQL was not a delayed response to improvement in symptoms. Children showed a uniform pattern of improvement in HRQL that followed symptom change; three distinct patterns of change were found for improvement in family HRQL.

The initial employment of alpha-benzoin oxime (bzoxH(2)) in higher oxidation state 3d metal cluster chemistry has provided access to a new enneanuclear Mn(III) complex with an unprecedented metal-core topology consisting of two triangular [Mn(3)(mu(3)-Omicron(2-))(mu-OmicronNu)(3)](4+) fragments connected by a linear [Mn(3)(mu-OmicronNu)(6)](3+) unit. The Mn(III)(9) cluster is antiferromagnetically coupled and has an S = 3 spin ground state.

The crystal structure of the title compound, C(11)H(18)O(6)S(2), was determined to investigate the effect of the eclipsed mesyl groups on the bond length of the vicinal quaternary C atoms. The two quaternary C atoms of the noradamantane skeleton and the two O atoms to which they are connected all located essentially in the same plane [maximum deviation 0.01 Å], resulting in an eclipsing conformation of the C-O bonds. The C-C bond of the quaternary C atoms is 1.597 (3) Å is considerably longer than the other C-C bonds of the mol-ecule.