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9. Apparatus and Method for Rapid Detection of Acoustic Anisotropy in Cartilage

Author

Motavalli, Mostafa, Jones, Cheyenne, Berilla, Jim A., Li, Ming, Schluchter, Mark D., Mansour, Joseph M., and Welter, Jean F.

Abstract

Purpose: Articular cartilage is known to be mechanically anisotropic. In this paper, the acoustic anisotropy of bovine articular cartilage and the effects of freeze–thaw cycling on acoustic anisotropy were investigated. Methods: We developed apparatus and methods that use a magnetic L-shaped sample holder, which allowed minimal handling of a tissue, reduced the number of measurements compared to previous studies, and produced highly reproducible results. Results: SOS was greater in the direction perpendicular to the articular surface compared to the direction parallel to the articular surface (N = 17, P = 0.00001). Average SOS was 1,758 ± 107 m/s perpendicular to the surface, and 1,617 ± 55 m/s parallel to it. The average percentage difference in SOS between the perpendicular and parallel directions was 8.2% (95% CI 5.4% to 11%). Freeze–thaw cycling did not have a significant effect on SOS (P > 0.4). Conclusion: Acoustic measurement of tissue properties is particularly attractive for work in our laboratory since it has the potential for nondestructive characterization of the properties of developing engineered cartilage. Our approach allowed us to observe acoustic anisotropy of articular cartilage rapidly and reproducibly. This property was not significantly affected by freeze-thawing of the tissue samples, making cryopreservation practical for these assays.

Published
2024
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36. Multimodal evaluation of tissue-engineered cartilage

Author

Mansour, Joseph M. and Welter, Jean F.

Subjects
Article
Abstract

Tissue engineering (TE) has promise as a biological solution and a disease modifying treatment for arthritis. Although cartilage can be generated by TE, substantial inter- and intra-donor variability makes it impossible to guarantee optimal, reproducible results. TE cartilage must be able to perform the functions of native tissue, thus mechanical and biological properties approaching those of native cartilage are likely a pre-requisite for successful implantation. A quality-control assessment of these properties should be part of the implantation release criteria for TE cartilage. Release criteria should certify that selected tissue properties have reached certain target ranges, and should be predictive of the likelihood of success of an implant in vivo. Unfortunately, it is not currently known which properties are needed to establish release criteria, nor how close one has to be to the properties of native cartilage to achieve success. Achieving properties approaching those of native cartilage requires a clear understanding of the target properties and reproducible assessment methodology. Here, we review several main aspects of quality control as it applies to TE cartilage. This includes a look at known mechanical and biological properties of native cartilage, which should be the target in engineered tissues. We also present an overview of the state of the art of tissue assessment, focusing on native articular and TE cartilage. Finally, we review the arguments for developing and validating non-destructive testing methods for assessing TE products.

Published
2013

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