Search

Your search keyword '"Manthey C"' showing total 135 results
Start Over Author "Manthey C"
135 results on '"Manthey C"'

2. Cardiac Work Inhibits Cell Cycle Activity in Engineered Heart Tissue.

Author

Srikantharajah, R., Shehata, N., Stüdemann, T., Manthey, C., Eschenhagen, T., and Weinberger, F.

Subjects
CELL cycle, INDUCED pluripotent stem cells
Abstract

This article, published in the journal Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgeon, explores the question of why cardiomyocytes lose their regenerative potential. The researchers generated human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and inhibited their contractility using small molecules. They found that inhibiting cardiac contractility prevented sarcomere assembly and resulted in higher cell cycle activity, suggesting that cardiac work inhibits cell cycle activity. This study provides valuable insights into the limited regenerative capacity of the adult heart. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

3. 013 Uncovering antigen triggers in genetically predisposed psoriasis patients

Author

Braun, A., primary, Ye, J., additional, Mobbs, J., additional, Anand, S., additional, Tuomisto, J., additional, Chung, S., additional, Hughes, E., additional, Oo, H., additional, Honigman, A., additional, Radulski, B., additional, Scardamaglia, L., additional, Nicolopoulos, J., additional, McKinnon, M., additional, Manthey, C., additional, Fourie, A., additional, Rossjohn, J., additional, Vivian, J., additional, Kern, J., additional, and Purcell, A., additional

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

8. Sterically shielded m-terphenyls as selective agents in general protonations

Author

Luning, U., Baumgartner, H., Manthey, C., and Meynhardt, B.

Subjects
Protons -- Research, Chemistry, Organic -- Research, Anions -- Research, Chemical tests and reagents -- Research, Biological sciences, Chemistry
Abstract

The viability of using 2'-substituted m-terphenyls containing acidic substituents on the 2'-position in reagent-controlled protonation reactions was examined. To this end, they were employed as proton donors in the protonation of unsymmetrically substituted allyl anions and cyclohexyl anions. The results, which demonstrated diastereo- and regioselectivity improvements, indicated the need for the protonating agent to be slightly basic with minimal acidity.

Published
1996

12. Targeting c-fms kinase attenuates chronic aristolochic acid nephropathy in mice.

Author

Dai X.Y., Huang X.R., Zhou L., Zhang L., Fu P., Manthey C., Nikolic-Paterson D.J., Lan H.Y., Dai X.Y., Huang X.R., Zhou L., Zhang L., Fu P., Manthey C., Nikolic-Paterson D.J., and Lan H.Y.

Abstract

Aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN) is a progressive kidney disease caused by some Chinese herbal medicines, but treatment remains ineffective. Macrophage accumulation is an early feature in human and experimental AAN; however, the role of macrophages in chronic AAN is unknown. We report here that targeting macrophages with fms-I, a selective inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase activity of the macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor, suppressed disease progression in a mouse model of chronic AAN. Treatment with fms-I (10mg/kg/BID) from day 0 to 28 (prevention study) or from day 14 to 28 (intervention study) substantially inhibited macrophage accumulation and significantly improved renal dysfunction including a reduction in proteinuria and tubular damage. Progressive interstitial fibrosis (myofibroblast accumulation and collagen deposition) and renal inflammation (increased expression of MCP-1, MIF, and TNF-a) were also attenuated by fms-I treatment. These protective effects involved inhibition of TGF-s/Smad3 and NF-kB signaling. In conclusion, the present study establishes that macrophages are key inflammatory cells that exacerbates progressive tubulointerstitial damage in chronic AAN via mechanisms associated with TGF-s/Smad3-mediated renal fibrosis and NF- kB-driven renal inflammation. Targeting macrophages via a c-fms kinase inhibitor may represent a novel therapy for chronic AAN.

Published
2016

13. Targeting C-FMS kinase attenuates aristolochic acid nephropathy in mice.

Author

Manthey C., Huang X.R., Fu P., Lan H.Y., Nikolic- Paterson D.J., Zhou L., Dai X.Y., Manthey C., Huang X.R., Fu P., Lan H.Y., Nikolic- Paterson D.J., Zhou L., and Dai X.Y.

Abstract

Background: Aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN) is a progressive chronic kidney disease related to the use of Chinese herbal medicine and is characterized by extensive tubulointerstitial fibrosis and inflammation with macrophage infiltration. However, treatment of AAN remains ineffective. Thus, the present study aimed to develop a new therapeutic strategy for chronic AAN by targeting macrophages with a selective inhibitor of tyrosine kinase activity of macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor (fms-I). Method(s): Chronic AAN was induced in C57BL/6 mice by intraperitoneal injection of aristolochic acid at a dose of 5 mg/kg every other day for 4 weeks. fms-I in an optimal dose of 10 mg/kg twice daily (i.p) was given at the beginning of induction of AAN or at the established AAN on day 14. The therapeutic effect of fms-I on chronic AAN was examined at day 28. Result(s): Treatment with fms-I largely suppressed F4/80+ macrophage and CD3+ T cell infiltration and upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines (MIF, TNFalpha, MCP-1), resulting in protection against acute and chronic AAN by inhibiting 24-hour proteinuria, elevated levels of serum creatinine, upregulation of KIM-1, and progressive renal fibrosis including accumulation of a- SMA+ myofibroblasts and collagen I. Moreover, administration of fms-I to the established AAN at day 14 also halted the disease progression of chronic AAN at day 28. Further studies revealed that the therapeutic effect of fms-I on chronic AAN was associated with blockade of both NF-kB and TGF-beta/Smad pathways. Conclusion(s): Macrophages play a pathogenic role in the development of chronic AAN. Targeting macrophages with fms-I has therapeutic potential for chronic AAN.

Published
2016

15. THU0133 Results from A Phase 2A, Randomized, Multicenter, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group Study of Jnj-40346527, an Oral CSF-1R Inhibitor, in Patients with Active Rheumatoid Arthritis despite Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drug Therapy

Author

Genovese, M.C., primary, Hsia, E., additional, Belkowski, S., additional, Chien, C., additional, Masterson, T., additional, Thurmond, R., additional, Manthey, C., additional, Yan, D., additional, Ge, T., additional, and Greenspan, A., additional

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

16. THU0085 Effect of CSF-1R Kinase Inhibitor on FDG PET, MMP Optical, and Microct Imaging in a Rat SCW Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Use of Functional and Structural Imaging as Translation Tools

Author

de Garavilla, L., primary, Manthey, C., additional, Yurkow, E., additional, Zhou, Z., additional, Cotto, C., additional, Meegalla, S., additional, Wilson, K., additional, Wall, M., additional, Chen, J., additional, Ballentine, S., additional, Illig, C., additional, Player, M., additional, Moore, B., additional, Kilgore, K., additional, Lubomirski, M., additional, and Acton, P., additional

Published
2013
Full Text
View/download PDF

18. Kosten- und Leistungstransparenz durch ressourcenorientierte Prozeßkettenanalyse. Einführung in die Kosten- und Leistungsanalyse von Prozeßketten

Author

Kuhn, A., Manthey, C., and Publica

Subjects
Prozeßkosten, Prozeßkettenanalyse, Kostenanalyse, LogiChain, Geschäftsprozeß, Prozeßkettenmodell, Prozeßkettenmanagement
Abstract

Die Geschäftsprozeßoptimierung erfordert kombinierte Kosten- und Leistungsanalysen. Aufgrund der ungenauen Fixkostenschlüsselung und der Gemeinkostenproportionalisierung kann die traditionelle Prozeßkostenrechnung diese Aufgabe nur unzureichend lösen. Da ressourcenorientierte Verfahren zur Ermittlung von Prozeßkosten bewirkt eine verursachungsgerechte Kostenzuordnung bei gleichzeitiger Analyse der Ressourcensituation. Die Analysen ermöglichen eine Bewertung eines statischen Prozeßzustandes und eine exakte Bewertung der aus der Prozeßdynamik erzeugten Kosten und Ressourcenbedarfe.

Published
1996

19. Prozeßkettenmanagement in der Lagerplanung. Reorganisation der Lagerabwicklung erschließt Rationalisierungspotentiale

Author

Manthey, C. and Publica

Subjects
Prozeßkettenmodulation, Prozeßkette, Lagerplanung, Servicekonzept, Service-Management
Abstract

Der Artikel beschreibt die Anwendung der am Fhg-IML entwickelten Methode des Prozeßkettenmanagement auf die Lagerplanung. Diese Methode eignet sich sowohl zur innovativen Reorganisation (Top-Down) als auch für die Planung und Umsetzung permanenter Verbesserungen (Bottom-Up) im Rahmen von Kaizen-(TQM) Bestrebungen. Die Basis des PKM bilden zeitorentierte Prozeßkettenpläne, die die Abwicklung von Lageraufträgen beschreiben. Die Prozeßabsicht beinhaltet eine Abkehr von der bislang vorhersehenden, technikorientierten Planung, zu einer ganzheitlichen Berücksichtigung aller Prozeßparameter: Lenkung, Prozesse, Struktur und Ressourcen. Diese Parameter sind so einstellbar, daß die wettbewerbsrelevanten Ziele der Servicekost, Servicezeiten und Servicequalitäten eine kundenorientierte Ausprägung erfahren. Die Zielausprägung ist zunächst für das Gesamtunternehmen zu formulieren und anschließend aus dem Teilbereich Lager herunterzubrechen und präzise zu quantifizieren. Die Lagerplanung kann dann au tonom und losgelöst von den Aktivitäten der überlagerten Planungsebenen erfolgen, solange deren Zielvorgaben erfüllt werden. Dies, und die Durchgängigkeit der Zielvorgaben über alle Planungsebenen ist Voraussetzung für einen permanenten Kaizen-Prozeß. Das Prozeßmanagement beinhaltet die Phasen der a) Prozeßkettenaufnahme (hier kommen Referenzmodelle zum Einsatz), b) der Datenaufnahme (im wesentlichen handelt es sich um Kosten-, Zeiten- und Kapazitätsdaten) und c) der Verbesserung der Prozeßketten (Prozeßkettenmodulation, hier kommen Checklisten zum Einsatz). Im Artikel wird die Prozeßfkettenmodulation anhand von 4 Beispielen beschrieben.

Published
1995

35. 2-Hydroxy-4,6-diamino-[1,3,5]triazines: A Novel Class of VEGF-R2 (KDR) Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors

Author

Baindur, N., Chadha, N., Brandt, B. M., Asgari, D., Patch, R. J., Schalk-HiHi, C., Carver, T. E., Petrounia, I. P., Baumann, C. A., Ott, H., Manthey, C., Springer, B. A., and Player, M. R.

Abstract

2-Hydroxy-4,6-diamino-[1,3,5]triazines are described which are a novel class of potent inhibitors of the VEGF-R2 (flk-1/KDR) tyrosine kinase. 4-(Benzothiazol-6-ylamino)-6-(benzyl-isopropyl-amino)-[1,3,5]triazin-2-ol (14d) exhibited low nanomolar potency in the in vitro enzyme inhibition assay (IC50 = 18 nM) and submicromolar inhibitory activity in a KDR-induced MAP kinase autophosphorylation assay in HUVEC cells (IC50 = 280 nM), and also demonstrated good in vitro selectivity against a panel of growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases. Further, 14d showed antiangiogenic activity in an aortic ring explant assay by blocking endothelial outgrowths in rat aortas with an IC50 of 1 μM.

Published
2005

36. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Potent and Selective α<INF>v</INF>β<INF>3</INF>/α<INF>v</INF>β<INF>5</INF> Integrin Dual Inhibitors with Improved Bioavailability. Selection of the Molecular Core

Author

Marugan, J. J., Manthey, C., Anaclerio, B., Lafrance, L., Lu, T., Markotan, T., Leonard, K. A., Crysler, C., Eisennagel, S., Dasgupta, M., and Tomczuk, B.

Abstract

A novel series of potent and selective αvβ3/αvβ5 dual inhibitors was designed, synthesized, and evaluated against several integrins. These compounds were synthesized through a Mitsunobu reaction between the guanidinium mimetics and the corresponding central templates. Guanidinium mimetics with enhaced rigidity (i.e., (2-pyridylamino)propoxy versus the 2-(6-methylamino-2-pyridyl)ethoxy) led to improved activity toward αvβ3. Exemplary oral bioavailability in mice was achieved using the indole central scaffold. Although, oral bioavailability was maintained when the indole molecular core was replace with the bioisosteric benzofuran or benzothiophene ring systems, it was found to not significantly impact the integrin activity or selectivity. However, the indole series displayed the best in vivo pharmacokinetic properties. Thus, the indole series was selected for further structure−activity relationships to obtain more potent αvβ3/αvβ5 dual antagonist with improved oral bioavailability.

Published
2005

37. Discovery and Cocrystal Structure of Benzodiazepinedione HDM2 Antagonists That Activate p53 in Cells

Author

Grasberger, B. L., Lu, T., Schubert, C., Parks, D. J., Carver, T. E., Koblish, H. K., Cummings, M. D., LaFrance, L. V., Milkiewicz, K. L., Calvo, R. R., Maguire, D., Lattanze, J., Franks, C. F., Zhao, S., Ramachandren, K., Bylebyl, G. R., Zhang, M., Manthey, C. L., Petrella, E. C., Pantoliano, M. W., Deckman, I. C., Spurlino, J. C., Maroney, A. C., Tomczuk, B. E., Molloy, C. J., and Bone, R. F.

Abstract

HDM2 binds to an α-helical transactivation domain of p53, inhibiting its tumor suppressive functions. A miniaturized thermal denaturation assay was used to screen chemical libraries, resulting in the discovery of a novel series of benzodiazepinedione antagonists of the HDM2−p53 interaction. The X-ray crystal structure of improved antagonists bound to HDM2 reveals their α-helix mimetic properties. These optimized molecules increase the transcription of p53 target genes and decrease proliferation of tumor cells expressing wild-type p53.

Published
2005

38. Polymethoxylated Flavones Derived from Citrus Suppress Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Expression by Human Monocytes

Author

Manthey, J. A., Grohmann, K., Montanari, A., Ash, K., and Manthey, C. L.

Abstract

Flavonoids isolated from citrus were evaluated for their ability to affect the inflammation response through suppression of cytokine expression by human monocytes. Several polymethoxylated flavones inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced monocyte expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNFα). Subsequent studies centered on the compound 3,5,6,7,8,3‘,4‘-heptamethoxyflavone (HMF) which produced the highest inhibition (IC50 = 5 μM). HMF was also a potent inhibitor of macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) production, but not of IL-1β, IL-6, or IL-8 production. Suppression of TNFα production was at the level of mRNA induction as determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). HMF was also a potent inhibitor of human phosphodiesterase activity and was shown to induce a substantial elevation of cAMP levels in monocytes. The similarity of these results to the inhibition profile of the known phosphodiesterase inhibitor, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, suggests that the polymethoxylated flavones inhibit cytokine production in part by suppression of phosphodiesterase activity. The ability of HMF to also inhibit IL-10 production suggests the additional existence of a phosphodiesterase-independent mechanism for this compound.

Published
1999

39. Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase.

Author

Wang, X S, Diener, K, Manthey, C L, Wang, S, Rosenzweig, B, Bray, J, Delaney, J, Cole, C N, Chan-Hui, P Y, Mantlo, N, Lichenstein, H S, Zukowski, M, and Yao, Z

Abstract

The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) are activated by cellular stresses and play an important role in regulating gene expression. We have isolated a cDNA encoding a novel protein kinase that has significant homology (57% amino acid identity) to human p38alpha/CSBP. The novel kinase, p38delta, has a nucleotide sequence encoding a protein of 365 amino acids with a putative TGY dual phosphorylation motif. Dot-blot analysis of p38delta mRNA in 50 human tissues revealed a distribution profile of p38delta that differs from p38alpha. p38delta is highly expressed in salivary gland, pituitary gland, and adrenal gland, whereas p38alpha is highly expressed in placenta, cerebellum, bone marrow, thyroid gland, peripheral leukocytes, liver, and spleen. Like p38alpha, p38delta is activated by cellular stress and proinflammatory cytokines. p38delta phosphorylates ATF-2 and PHAS-I, but not MAPK-activated protein kinase-2 and -3, known in vivo and in vitro substrates of p38alpha. We also observed that p38delta was strongly activated by MKK3 and MKK6, while p38alpha was preferentially activated by MKK6. Other experiments showed that a potent p38alpha kinase inhibitor AMG 2372 minimally inhibited the kinase activity of p38delta. Taken together, these data indicate that p38delta is a new member of the p38 MAPK family and that p38delta likely has functions distinct from that of p38alpha.

Published
1997

40. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of a novel CC chemokine, stimulated T cell chemotactic protein (STCP-1) that specifically acts on activated T lymphocytes.

Author

Chang, M s, McNinch, J, Elias, C, Manthey, C L, Grosshans, D, Meng, T, Boone, T, and Andrew, D P

Abstract

A novel human chemokine STCP-1 (stimulated T cell chemotactic protein) was isolated from an activated macrophage cDNA library. The chemokine has four cysteines positioned in a manner that identifies STCP-1 as a member of the CC chemokine family. The amino acid sequence shows 34% identity with RANTES. The gene consists of 3 exons and 2 introns with the position of intron/exon boundaries similar to that of RANTES. The gene is expressed as a 3.4-kilobase transcript on lymph node, thymus, and Appendix. STCP-1 induces Ca2+ mobilization in a small percentage of primary activated T lymphocytes, but on repeated stimulation the percentage of T lymphocytes that respond to STCP-1 increases. The chemokine STCP-1 does not induce Ca2+ mobilization in monocytes, dendritic cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, lipopolysaccharide-activated B lymphocytes, and freshly isolated resting T lymphocytes. Similarly, STCP-1, while acting as a mild chemoattractant for primary activated T lymphocytes, is a potent chemoattractant for chronically activated T lymphocytes but has no chemoattractant activity for monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, and resting T lymphocytes. As STCP-1 acts specifically on activated T lymphocytes, it may play a role in the trafficking of activated/effector T lymphocytes to inflammatory sites and other aspects of activated T lymphocyte physiology.

Published
1997

41. Einsatz von Hochtemperaturreaktoren in der Eisen- und Stahlindustrie unter besonderer Berücksichtigungen des Einflusses auf die Standort- und Umweltprobleme dieses Industriezweiges

Author

Manthey, C.

Abstract

High temperatur reactors (HTR) are able to offen the various sorts of energy necessary for sponge iron teehnology (in a combined system of iron ore reduction and sieetrio arc furnace) such as: - process heat for generating reduction gas from fossil raw materials or nuclear water splitting and - steam for electricity generating purposes. For the present the most promising model of combining HTR and iron and steel works seerns to be the non integrated application. The Iocations of the reactors depend on the optimal location for reduction gas generation. The gas will be delivered to the metallurgical plants through a piping System. The electricity produced by the HTR could be fed into the local electrical grid. This article assumed an existing hydrogen distribution System and the possibility of direct reduction with hydrogen. For the direct reduction process a shaft furnace is ohosen. The economy of reactor application is investigated and future potential use till the year 2000 is estimated . Besides that the effects of HTR application on location and environment of iron and steel industry are described.

Published
1975

44. Elevated endogenous expression of the dominant negative basic helix-loop-helix protein ID1 correlates with significant centrosome abnormalities in human tumor cells

Author

Gutmann Anja, Mern Demissew S, Manthey Carolin, Zielinski Anne J, Herz Corinna, Lassmann Silke, and Hasskarl Jens

Subjects
Cytology, QH573-671
Abstract

Abstract Background ID proteins are dominant negative inhibitors of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors that have multiple functions during development and cellular differentiation. Ectopic (over-)expression of ID1 extends the lifespan of primary human epithelial cells. High expression levels of ID1 have been detected in multiple human malignancies, and in some have been correlated with unfavorable clinical prognosis. ID1 protein is localized at the centrosomes and forced (over-)expression of ID1 results in errors during centrosome duplication. Results Here we analyzed the steady state expression levels of the four ID-proteins in 18 tumor cell lines and assessed the number of centrosome abnormalities. While expression of ID1, ID2, and ID3 was detected, we failed to detect protein expression of ID4. Expression of ID1 correlated with increased supernumerary centrosomes in most cell lines analyzed. Conclusions This is the first report that shows that not only ectopic expression in tissue culture but endogenous levels of ID1 modulate centrosome numbers. Thus, our findings support the hypothesis that ID1 interferes with centrosome homeostasis, most likely contributing to genomic instability and associated tumor aggressiveness.

Published
2010
Full Text
View/download PDF

46. Angewandte Systemanalyse Band 18: Energy technology data handbook 1

Author

Altdorfer, F., Finnis, M., Gundermann, J., Tosato, G., and Manthey, C.

Abstract

The data documented in Volume I and II of the ENERGY TECHNOLOGY DATA HANUBOOK have been assembled for the " Energy SystemsAnalysis Project " of the International Energy Agency (IEA) in Paris. The project was intended to support the establishing of IEA's energy research, development and demonstration (RD & D) strategy. The systems analysis work was carried out by a staff consisting of representatives from 15 IEA countries, working jointly at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), USA and at Kernforschungsanlage Jülich (KFA), Germany. Volume 1 of the report includes information about a selection of ENERGY CONVERSION TECHNOLOGIES like fossil, nuclear and renewable power and heating plants, coal gasification, ligue-faction and hydrogen production. The technologies are characterized in a standard formst following common ground rules and basic assumptions. A technology characterization includestechnical, economic and some environmental parameters es well as a skort System description. Volume II, END-USE TECHNOLOGIES, is a technical-economic comparison of various Insulation, Space Heating and Warm Water Supply systemse The technology date. were assembled using a variety of sources in industry, government agencies, research laboratories and different literature. This report is not a final one but rather a Status report about the work an technology data carried out for the IEA project, lt should be used as a basic forFuture communications with technical exports and energy System analysts, expecting that constructive criticism and informationwill come.

Published
1980

47. Angewandte Systemanalyse Band 19: Energy Technology Data Handbook Volume II: End-use technologies

Author

Altdorfer, F., Gundermann, J., Manthey, C., and Tosato, G. C.

Abstract

The data documented in Volume I and II of the ENERGY TECHNOLOGY DATA HANDBOOK have been assembled for the "Energy SystemsAnalysis Project" of the International Energy Agency (ZEA) in Paris. The project was intended to support the establishing of IEA's energy research, development and demonstration (RD&D) strategy. The systems analysis work was carried out by a staff consisting of representatives from 15 IEA countries, working jointly at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), USA and at Kernforschungsanlage Jülich (KFA), Germany. $\underline{Volume I}$ of the report includes information about a selection of ENERGY CONVERSION TECHNOLOGIES like fossil, nuclear and renewable power and heating plants, coal gasification, liquefaction and hydrogen production. The technologies are characterized in a standard format following common ground rules and basic assumptions. A technology characterization includes technical, economic and some environmental parameters as well as a short System description and a list of references. $\underline{Volume II}$, END-USE TECHNOLOGIES, is a technical-economic comparison of various Insulation, Space and Water Heating systems for the residential and commercial sector. The technology data were assembled using a variety of sourcesin industry, government agencies, research laboratories and literature. This handbook is certainly not a final characterization of technologies. It should rather be considered as a status report intended as a basis for communication with technical experts and energy analysts, from whom constructive criticism and complementary information would be welcome.

Published
1980

48. Rapid growth and the evolution of complete metamorphosis in insects.

Author

Manthey C, Metcalf CJE, Monaghan MT, Steiner UK, and Rolff J

Subjects
Animals, Pupa growth & development, Models, Biological, Holometabola growth & development, Metamorphosis, Biological, Biological Evolution, Insecta growth & development, Larva growth & development
Abstract

More than 50% of all animal species are insects that undergo complete metamorphosis. The key innovation of these holometabolous insects is a pupal stage between the larva and adult when most structures are completely rebuilt. Why this extreme lifestyle evolved is unclear. Here, we test the hypothesis that a trade-off between growth and differentiation explains the evolution of this novelty. Using a comparative approach, we find that holometabolous insects grow much faster than hemimetabolous insects. Using a theoretical model, we then show how holometaboly evolves under a growth-differentiation trade-off and identify conditions under which such temporal decoupling of growth and differentiation is favored. Our work supports the notion that the holometabolous life history evolved to remove developmental constraints on fast growth, primarily under high mortality., Competing Interests: Competing interests statement:The authors declare no competing interest.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

49. The value of publicly engaged podcasting in human biology.

Author

Lynn CD, Manthey C, and Ocobock C

Subjects
Biology, Humans, Periodicals as Topic statistics & numerical data, Information Dissemination methods, Webcasts as Topic
Abstract

Podcasting about science may be popular, but does it motivate engagement? The Human Biology Association and American Journal of Human Biology (AJHB) cosponsor a podcast that highlights recent articles. We hypothesized that AJHB articles discussed on the podcast (n = 42) receive more online views than other articles from the same issues. We used Student's t-tests to compare mean article views and found podcasted articles received more views, but the difference was not significant. When extreme outliers were removed, podcasted articles had over twice the views of control articles (p = .04), indicating that journal-affiliated podcasting can increase science engagement., (© 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

50. Hyperandrogenism associated with polycystic ovary syndrome may have a protective effect against fracture risk in female athletes: A pilot study.

Author

Manthey C, Cepon-Robins T, and Warrener A

Subjects
Humans, Female, Pilot Projects, Adult, Young Adult, Bone Density, Adolescent, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome complications, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome epidemiology, Hyperandrogenism epidemiology, Hyperandrogenism etiology, Hyperandrogenism complications, Fractures, Bone epidemiology, Fractures, Bone etiology, Athletes statistics & numerical data
Abstract

Objectives: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), characterized by polycystic ovaries, anovulation, and hyperandrogenism, is believed to be an evolutionary mismatch disease. Past research has examined PCOS as a uniform disease, despite variation in phenotypes across diagnostic categories, but establishing an evolutionary mismatch requires a focus on individual traits. We suggest PCOS hyperandrogenism may have been beneficial in ancestral environments because it reduced fracture risk and associated morbidity and mortality due to increased bone mineral density (BMD). We test this hypothesis by assessing fracture frequency, a proxy for BMD, in highly active females with and without PCOS hyperandrogenism., Methods: Sixty-seven reproductive-aged women were surveyed and grouped as: high intensity interval training (HIIT; a proxy for metabolic and physical stress) athletes with hyperandrogenic PCOS (31.24%), HIIT athletes without PCOS (29.85%), and nonathletes with hyperandrogenic PCOS (38.81%). Fracture occurrence was compared between the groups using independent samples Kruskal-Wallis tests for non-normally distributed data, and multiple regression analysis was used to examine anthropometrics, lifestyle and reproductive factors, PCOS status, and exercise frequency on fracture occurrence., Results: Fracture occurrence was higher in non-PCOS athletes (3.8 ± 4.3) than PCOS-athletes (1.2 ± 1.4, p = .11) and PCOS-non-athletes (1.0 ± 1.4, p < .01). PCOS-athletes and nonathletes did not differ significantly in fracture occurrence (p = .33). These results were independent of factors associated with bone health., Conclusions: These preliminary findings suggest females with PCOS-related hyperandrogenism may be less likely to experience bone fractures and provide an initial step to explaining why PCOS has persisted despite marked negative reproductive consequences in modern populations., (© 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results