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Let $ f:V(G)\rightarrow \{0, 1, 2\} $ be a function defined from a connected graph $ G $. Let $ W_i = \{x\in V(G): f(x) = i\} $ for every $ i\in \{0, 1, 2\} $. The function $ f $ is called a total Italian dominating function on $ G $ if $ \sum_{v\in N(x)}f(v)\geq 2 $ for every vertex $ x\in W_0 $ and if $ \sum_{v\in N(x)}f(v)\geq 1 $ for every vertex $ x\in W_1\cup W_2 $. The total Italian domination number of $ G $, denoted by $ \gamma_{tI}(G) $, is the minimum weight $ \omega(f) = \sum_{x\in V(G)}f(x) $ among all total Italian dominating functions $ f $ on $ G $. In this paper, we provide new lower and upper bounds on the total Italian domination number of trees. In particular, we show that if $ T $ is a tree of order $ n(T)\geq 2 $, then the following inequality chains are satisfied. (ⅰ) $ 2\gamma(T)\leq \gamma_{tI}(T)\leq n(T)-\gamma(T)+s(T) $, (ⅱ) $ \frac{n(T)+\gamma(T)+s(T)-l(T)+1}{2}\leq \gamma_{tI}(T)\leq \frac{n(T)+\gamma(T)+l(T)}{2}, $ where $ \gamma(T) $, $ s(T) $ and $ l(T) $ represent the classical domination number, the number of support vertices and the number of leaves of $ T $, respectively. The upper bounds are derived from results obtained for the double domination number of a tree.

Background Antiseptics are used for the cleansing of acute or chronic wounds to eliminate micro-organisms from the wound bed. However, they have effects on the skin cells. Aim To determine the effects of hexetidine, povidone–iodine (PI), undecylenamidopropyl-betaine/polyhexanide (UBP), chlorhexidine, disodium eosin and hydrogen peroxide on human skin fibroblasts. Methods CCD-1064Sk cells were treated with hexetidine, PI, UBP, chlorhexidine, disodium eosin or hydrogen peroxide. Spectrophotometry was used to measure cell viability and flow cytometry was used to study apoptosis and necrosis after the treatment. In vitro wound scratch assays were performed to determine the gap closure. Results All antiseptics significantly reduced the viability of human skin fibroblasts compared with controls. The percentage wound closure was lower with hexetidine, PI and UBP. The scratch assay could not be measured after treatments with chlorhexidine, disodium eosin or hydrogen peroxide, owing to their cytotoxicity. The apoptosis/necrosis experiments evidenced a significant reduction in viable cells compared with controls. An increased percentage of apoptotic cells was observed after treatment with all antiseptics. Compared with controls, the percentage of necrotic cells was significantly increased with all antiseptics except for hexetidine. Conclusion The proliferation, migration and viability of human skin fibroblasts are reduced by treatment with hexetidine, PI, UBP, chlorhexidine, disodium eosin and hydrogen peroxide.

The European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA - https://ega-archive.org/) is a resource for long term secure archiving of all types of potentially identifiable genetic, phenotypic, and clinical data resulting from biomedical research projects. Its mission is to foster hosted data reuse, enable reproducibility, and accelerate biomedical and translational research in line with the FAIR principles. Launched in 2008, the EGA has grown quickly, currently archiving over 4,500 studies from nearly one thousand institutions. The EGA operates a distributed data access model in which requests are made to the data controller, not to the EGA, therefore, the submitter keeps control on who has access to the data and under which conditions. Given the size and value of data hosted, the EGA is constantly improving its value chain, that is, how the EGA can contribute to enhancing the value of human health data by facilitating its submission, discovery, access, and distribution, as well as leading the design and implementation of standards and methods necessary to deliver the value chain. The EGA has become a key GA4GH Driver Project, leading multiple development efforts and implementing new standards and tools, and has been appointed as an ELIXIR Core Data Resource., Graphical Abstract Graphical AbstractThe European Genome-phenome Archive serves human genomics and health communities by offering data submission, validation, discovery, and access services to researchers worldwide. Data reuse value is maximised by implementing community standards and ensuring interoperability of data and tools to accelerate biomedical and translational research.

La pandemia de la COVID-19 está teniendo un impacto sin precedentes en la economía europea. En este artículo vamos a analizar las últimas cifras publicadas por Eurostat para 2020 y el último informe de proyección económica publicado por la Comisión Europea, proporcionando además una descripción más detallada del impacto de la pandemia por sectores. Usamos para ello el modelo Trade-SCAN desarrollado por el Centro Común de Investigación de la Comisión Europea. Según nuestro análisis, España lidera los resultados más negativos en términos de empleo y PIB, principalmente en los cuatro sectores másafectados en la UE, a saber: el comercio; las actividades artísticas, deportivas, culturales y recreativas; los servicios a empresas; y las actividades de alojamiento, comidas y bebidas. Es remarcable el hecho diferencial de Irlanda, único país con crecimiento de su PIB, fundamentalmente debido a sus exportaciones de productos farmacéuticos y servicios de tecnología de la información. En global, la economía europea ha caído finalmente en 2020 un 6,1%, con ciertos patrones comunes en términos sectoriales en cada uno de sus países, a excepción de algunos casos como la agricultura rumana o la construcción en Irlanda, entre otros.

Resumen Introduccion Las enfermedades hipertensivas del embarazo generan a nivel mundial entre 62.000 y 77.000 muertes por ano. La preeclampsia grave tiene diversas incidencias, desde el 0,4% hasta el 1,3% del total de partos. Nuestro objetivo es determinar la incidencia de la preeclampsia grave en nativas de la gran altitud y describir las caracteristicas clinicas relacionadas con la altitud, tales como disminucion de la saturacion de oxigeno y elevacion de la hemoglobina. Materiales y metodos Estudio epidemiologico, observacional, descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo realizado en Cerro de Pasco, Peru (4.380 msnm). Se recolectaron los datos al ingreso a la unidad de cuidados intensivos revisando tarjetas de control prenatal e historias clinicas. Se estudiaron gestantes nativas de la gran altitud con preeclampsia grave durante 10 anos (enero de 2009 a diciembre de 2018) con muestreo no probabilistico de casos consecutivos. Resultados De 8.221 partos y 8.284 nacidos vivos, 141 cursaron con preeclampsia grave. La incidencia es del 1,70 al 1,72%. Nuestra muestra fueron 37 gestantes nativas que llevaron su embarazo en la gran altitud. En el primer control prenatal se encontro hemoglobina: 15,02 g%. Al ingreso a la unidad de cuidados intensivos se encontro hemoglobina: 14,7 g% y saturacion de oxigeno: 94%. La relacion de la hemoglobina y la presion arterial tuvo una p > 0,05. Conclusiones a) La incidencia de preeclampsia grave en la gran altitud es mayor que a nivel del mar. b) La hemoglobina elevada es frecuente en las nativas de la gran altitud con preeclampsia grave. c) No logramos encontrar asociacion causal entre la elevacion de la hemoglobina y la elevacion de la presion arterial.

The main objective of this paper is to revisit the Euro method in a critical and constructive way.Wehave analysed some arguments against the Euro method published recently in the literature as well as some other relevant aspects of the SUT-Euro and SUT-RAS methods not covered before. Although not being the Euro method perfect, we believe that there is still space for the use of the Euro method in updating/regionalizing Supply and Use tables.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a new disease that has led to a worldwide pandemic, resulting in millions of deaths and a high economic burden. Here, we analyze the current status of preventive vaccines authorized by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Published clinical trials have shown the effectiveness of mRNA (BNT162b2 and Spikevax), adenovirus vector-based (Ad26.COV2.S and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19), and recombinant protein S (NVX-CoV2373) vaccines to be between 52.9% and 100%. The most-frequent adverse effects include local pain, fatigue, headache, or chills. Serious events are associated with Ad26.COV2.S and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccines.

Beacon is a basic data discovery protocol issued by the Global Alliance for Genomics and Health (GA4GH). The main goal addressed by version 1 of the Beacon protocol was to test the feasibility of broadly sharing human genomic data, through providing simple “yes” or “no” responses to queries about the presence of a given variant in datasets hosted by Beacon providers. The popularity of this concept has fostered the design of a version 2, that better serves real-world requirements and addresses the needs of clinical genomics research and healthcare, as assessed by several contributing projects and organizations. Particularly, rare disease genetics and cancer research will benefit from new case level and genomic variant level requests and the enabling of richer phenotype and clinical queries as well as support for fuzzy searches. Beacon is designed as a “lingua franca” to bridge data collections hosted in software solutions with different and rich interfaces. Beacon version 2 works alongside popular standards like Phenopackets, OMOP, or FHIR, allowing implementing consortia to return matches in beacon responses and provide a handover to their preferred data exchange format. The protocol is being explored by other research domains and is being tested in several international projects., This study was funded by ELIXIR, the research infrastructure for life-science data and also by LaCaixa Foundation (grant number 004745/008034). Tim Beck was supported by a UKRI Innovation Fellowship at Health Data Research UK (MR/S003703/1). Anthony J. Brookes and Jordi Rambla were supported, in part, by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the EJP RD COFUND-EJP #825575. Michael Baudis acknowledges funding under the BioMedIT Network project of Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB) and Swiss Personalized Health Network (SPHN).

La sonotrombólisis mostró ser una técnica estudiada por varios grupos en el mundo durante más de 15 años y aplicada por primera vez en seres humanos en Brasil en pacientes con infarto agudo de miocardio con supradesnivel del segmento ST (IAMCSST). Estudios pre-clínicos demostraron que utilizando impulsos con alto índice mecánico intermitente de un transductor de ultrasonido de diagnóstico, durante la administración intravenosa de agentes de contraste (microburbujas) tienen la capacidad de romper trombos sin el uso de un agente fibrinolítico y consiguiente restauración de la microcirculación coronaria, mejorando las tasas de recanalización de las arterias, así como el pronóstico de los pacientes con infarto, posterior al uso de sonotrombólisis. También podría usarse como coadyuvante a los fibrinolíticos.

There are increasing numbers of published articles in the field of input–output analysis and modelling that use the GTAP input–output database; particularly, in relation to the estimation of carbon, energy and water footprints and the analysis of global value chains and international trade. The policy relevance of those topics is also increasing, thus calling for consistently linking these databases with official statistics. Although, so far, GTAP has been using their own classification and reconciliation methods, this paper develops a new conversion method for the EU that guarantees that the EU-GTAP database respects the new statistical standards and Eurostat official statistics. We recommend for future updates, a shift of the current GTAP classification of industries to the new official standard classifications to which countries are progressively moving to. Otherwise, the lack of matching official data would jeopardize the usefulness of such database. This method can be extended to other similar input–output databases with different classification schemes from the original input data sources.

Every change in the product and/or industry classifications and/or methodology of supply, use and input–output tables makes any medium- to long-term policy analysis impossible unless appropriate co...

Over the past two decades, EU employment supported by extra‐EU exports of goods and services has increased markedly, with a shift towards jobs supported by services exported as part of manufactured goods. The authors seek further insight into this trend through the full decomposition of trade flows using a multi‐regional input–output model and the World Input–Output Database for 40 countries and 35 industries over the period 1995–2011. Their findings call for reflection by policy‐makers regarding the four traditional modes of service supply under the General Agreement on Trade in Services with a view to adequately capturing this new reality in global trade.

En las dos ultimas decadas, el empleo sostenido por las exportaciones extracomunitarias de bienes y servicios ha crecido considerablemente en la UE, con un giro hacia el empleo sostenido por los servicios exportados como parte de productos manufacturados. Para estudiar este fenomeno, los autores descomponen totalmente los flujos comerciales de 40 paises y 35 sectores durante el periodo 1995-2011 utilizando un modelo input-output multirregional y la base de datos mundial input-output (WIOD). Los resultados indican que los cuatro modos de suministro de servicios tradicionales del Acuerdo General sobre el Comercio de Servicios deberian revisarse para adecuarlos a la nueva realidad del comercio mundial.

La práctica regular de Actividad Física Deportiva (en adelante AFD) tiene efectos beneficiosos a nivel físico y cognitivo. En este segundo nivel, los trabajos recientes, han encontrado mejora en memoria, en rendimiento académico, en autoestima, en atención y en Funciones Ejecutivas. En el presente trabajo de corte descriptivo-inferencial han participado 110 estudiantes de Educación Primaria y de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria de las localidades de Ourense y Málaga, con edades comprendidas entre 8 y 14 años (M=9,89; DT=1,534). Los estudiantes se asignaron a diferentes grupos: estudiantes que practican AFD federados en clubes deportivos a nivel competitivo o AFD-F (n= 37), estudiantes que practican AFD en horario extraescolar en los centros educativos o AFD-C (n=37) y un grupo de estudiantes que no practicaban ningún tipo de AFD No AFD (n=36). Los resultados muestran la modulación de la AFD en diferentes modalidades de inhibición, comparando estudiantes que practican o no AFD (en línea con trabajos previos). En un segundo momento, se ha analizado si la modalidad de AFD contribuye al desarrollo diferencial de la inhibición. Los resultados muestran que AFD, independientemente del tipo de actividad realiaza (AFD-F vs. AFD-C), mejora la habilidad para cumplir las reglas, perfecciona la precisión en los procesos de búsqueda visual y optimiza la habilidad de flexibilidad cognitiva, todos ellos componentes esenciales de las FE. Sin embargo, la práctica de AFD-F mejora el control de la impulsividad y el control atencional en comparación con la práctica de AFD-C. The regular practice of Sports Physical Activity (hereinafter SPA) has beneficial effects at a physical and cognitive level. In this second level, recent works have found improvement in memory, in academic performance, in self-esteem, in attention and in Executive Functions. In this descriptive-inferential study, a sample of 110 students of Primary and Secondary Education from Ourense and Málaga (Spain) between the ages of 8 and 14 years was used (M=9.89; SD=1.534). The participants were assigned to three groups: students who practice federated physical-sports activity in sports clubs at a competitive level or SPA-F (n=37), students who practice physical-sports activity in out-of-school hours in schools or SPA-C (n=37) and a group of students who did not practice any type of physical-sports activity Not-SPA (n=36) The results show the modulation of SPA in different inhibition modes, comparing students who do not practice SPA and those who practice SPA, in line with previous work. In a second step, we analyzed whether the SPA modality, that is, whether it is developed in a sports club and therefore the students are federated (SPA -F) or whether it is developed in the school's extracurricular activities (SPA-C), contributes to the differential development of inhibition. The results show that SPA, regardless of where they carry out the activity, improves the ability to follow the rules, perfects the precision of visual search processes and, optimizes the ability of cognitive flexibility, all of which are essential components of FE. The practice of SPA-F improves impulsivity control and attentional control compared to the practice of SPA-C. La pratica regolare dell'Attività Fisica Sportiva (di seguito AFD) ha effetti benefici fisici e cognitivi. Nell'ultimo decennio c'è stato un crescente interesse nel determinare in che modo le abilità cognitive traggono beneficio dall'esercizio fisico, e in questo senso sono stati riscontrati miglioramenti nella memoria, nel rendimento accademico, nell'autostima, nell'attenzione e nelle funzioni esecutive derivanti dalla normale pratica dell'AFD. In questo studio descrittivo-inferenziale è stato utilizzato un campione di 110 studenti delle scuole elementari e medie di Ourense e Malaga (Spagna) di età compresa tra gli 8 e i 14 anni (M=9,89; SD=1,534). I partecipanti sono stati distribuiti in tre gruppi: studenti che praticano attività sportive fisiche in club sportivi competitivi o AFD-F (n=37), studenti che praticano attività sportive fisiche al di fuori dell'orario scolastico nelle scuole o AFD-C (n=37) e un gruppo di studenti che non praticano alcun tipo di attività sportiva fisica Non AFD (n=36) I risultati mostrano la modulazione dell'AFD in diverse modalità di inibizione, confrontando gli studenti che non praticano l'AFD con quelli che lo praticano, secondo il lavoro precedente. In una seconda fase, abbiamo analizzato se la modalità AFD, cioè se si sviluppa in un club sportivo e quindi gli studenti sono federati (AFD-F) o se si sviluppa nelle attività extrascolastiche della scuola (AFD-C), contribuisce allo sviluppo differenziale dell'inibizione. I risultati mostrano che l'AFD, indipendentemente dal luogo in cui svolge l'attività, migliora la capacità di seguire le regole, migliora l'accuratezza dei processi di ricerca visiva e ottimizza la capacità di flessibilità cognitiva, tutti componenti essenziali di FE. La pratica AFD-F migliora il controllo dell'impulsività e il controllo attento rispetto alla pratica AFD-C. Tradotto con www.DeepL.com/Translator (versione gratuita) A prática regular da Actividade Física Desportiva (adiante designada por AFD) tem efeitos benéficos a nível físico e cognitivo. Na última década tem havido um interesse crescente em determinar como as capacidades cognitivas são beneficiadas pelo exercício físico, e neste sentido foram encontradas melhorias na memória, desempenho académico, auto-estima, atenção e funções executivas a partir da prática regular da AFD. Neste estudo descritivo-inferencial, foi utilizada uma amostra de 110 estudantes do Ensino Primário e Secundário de Ourense e Málaga (Espanha) entre os 8 e 14 anos de idade (M=9,89; SD=1,534). Os participantes foram distribuídos por três grupos: estudantes que praticam actividade físico-desportiva federada em clubes desportivos a nível competitivo ou AFD-F (n=37), estudantes que praticam actividade físico-desportiva em horário extra-escolar nas escolas ou AFD-C (n=37) e um grupo de estudantes que não praticam qualquer tipo de actividade físico-desportiva Não AFD (n=36) Os resultados mostram a modulação da AFD em diferentes modos de inibição, comparando os estudantes que não praticam AFD e os que praticam AFD, de acordo com o trabalho anterior. Numa segunda fase, analisámos se a modalidade AFD, ou seja, se é desenvolvida num clube desportivo e portanto os alunos são federados (AFD-F) ou se é desenvolvida nas actividades extracurriculares da escola (AFD-C), contribui para o desenvolvimento diferencial da inibição. Os resultados mostram que a AFD, independentemente do local onde realizam a actividade, melhora a capacidade de seguir as regras, aperfeiçoa a precisão dos processos de busca visual e optimiza a capacidade de flexibilidade cognitiva, todos eles componentes essenciais da FE. A prática da AFD-F melhora o controlo de impulsividade e o controlo atento em comparação com a prática da AFD-C.

We present a multidimensional generalization of the GRAS method (nD-GRAS) for the estimation of multiple matrices in an integrated framework. The potential applications of this method in regional and multi-regional input–output analyses based on national/regional accounts frameworks are many. We provide two real applications, a 3D-GRAS that estimates a use table at basic prices jointly with valuation matrices for Denmark; and a 4D-GRAS for estimating intercountry input–output tables with OECD data. We show that higher dimensional GRAS methods provide more consistent and accurate estimates than those with lower number of dimensions. We provide the analytical closed-form solution and the RAS-like algorithm for an easy operationalization.

[EN] In Spain the study, the valuation in the fortified architecture has been changing and enriching as our perception of the value of these buildings changed and improved. It can be affirmed that there is a concern for the conservation of this typology of architectural assets demonstrated since 1949 when they were assigned maximum protection as monuments through the Decree of April 22, 1949 on the protection of Spanish Castles. But it is not until 2006, with Carta de Baños de la Encina, when guidelines are established regarding a specific methodology for its intervention and management. The restoration of the wall of Arjona has constituted an ideal test bench for testing a multidisciplinary proposal based on the methodological criteria established by the Carta de Baños and which addresses the enhancement of this urban wall with the recovery in one of the few vestiges that were still preserved in the municipality of this important urban defensive system., [ES] En España el estudio, la valoración en la arquitectura fortificada ha ido variando y enriqueciéndose a medida que nuestra percepción del valor de estas construcciones cambiaba y mejoraba. Se puede afirmar que existe una preocupación por la conservación de esta tipología de bienes arquitectónicos demostrada desde 1949 cuando se les asignó la máxima protección como monumentos mediante el Decreto de 22 de abril de 1949 sobre protección de los castillos españoles. Pero no es hasta el año 2006, con la Carta de Baños de la Encina, cuando se fijan unas directrices en cuanto a una metodología específica para su intervención y gestión. La restauración de la muralla de Arjona ha constituido un banco de pruebas idóneo para el testeo de una propuesta multidisciplinar basada en los criterios metodológicos establecidos por la Carta de Baños y que aborda la puesta en valor de esta muralla urbana con la recuperación en uno de los pocos vestigios que aún se conservaban en el municipio de este importante sistema defensivo urbano.

Incisional hernia (HI), in open and laparoscopic surgery, is a very frequent complication. HI located in the umbilical region are called M3. The main aim of this study is to compare HI produced by the placement of an umbilical laparoscopic trocar (M3T) with those located in M3 in open surgery (M3O) in terms of basal characteristics, complications and recurrences; and secondarily the identification of risk factors.Cross-sectional observational study based on the national prospective registry EVEREG during the period of July 2012-June 2018. The main variables were recurrences and postoperative complications. Both groups (M3T and M3O) were compared. Multiple logistic regression was performed to identify the risk factors of the entire cohort.882 had a follow-up time longer than 12 months. M3O group presented superior ASA-Class, more complex HI and previous repair. It also presented a higher recurrence rate at 12 and 24 months (8.6% vs. 2.5%; P0,0001 and 9.3% vs. 2.9%; P0.0001) and higher postoperative complications rate (21.9% vs. 14.6 %; P = 0.02). Previous repair, intervention length and associated procedures requirement were identified as risk factors for postoperative complications. Absence of a specialist present during surgery, previous repair, and the absence of complications were identified as risk factors for recurrence. In the PSM analysis no differences were detected in of complications and recurrences.HI M3O is more complex than M3T. The complexity is not related to the origin of the hernia but to its characteristics and those of the patient.