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Background: Breast cancer is a complex, multifaceted disease encompassing a great variety of entities that show considerable variation in clinical, morphological and molecular attributes. Objective: The aim of this study to evaluate patients’ molecular profile (Estrogen receptor, Progesterone receptor, HER2/neu and Ki-67). Patients & Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study was done in Baghdad oncology teaching hospital from December 2015 to April 2016, carried on 100 breast cancer female patients with their age range from 27 to 73 years old and with their histopathology reports and (IHC) results. Results: The highest incidence of breast cancer among patients in 5th (40-49 years) and 6th (50-59 years) decades of life both groups are (32%), estrogen and progesterone values were observed (74% and 75% respectively) and 69 patients (69%) with Ki-67 ≥14. Conclusions: Most of the breast cancer patients in the current study were estrogen and progesterone (Hormonal) positive, and Luminal B-like was the most common molecular subtype (53%) due to high Ki-67 index. There was a strong correlation between estrogen and progesterone in the studied patients with highly significant P value

Background. Breast cancer (BC) is the commonest tumor in women. It is the leading malignancy in world, and representing an emerging oncologic issue in all countries. In Iraq, BC cases reached 7246 in 2021 by Iraqi Cancer Registry reports. Objectives. The study conducted for assessment the clinical and pathological responses to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in BC among molecular subtypes and for description the clinico-pathologic features, and patterns of BC according to molecular subtypes. Methods. A prospective study of 60 females with breast cancer histologically confirmed were enrolled. All women received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Then all patients underwent definitive surgery including MRM+AC or BCS+AC. The patients’ demographic, the pathologic and molecular subtypes date of the primary tumor were recorded. Results. The mostly distributed age group was belong to group 46-55 yrs in 22, 36.7%. The mean age was 49.7±10.8 yrs. The IDC represented the most common histopathological types of BC. The most of cases seen in upper-outer quadrant (UOQ). The results post-chemotherapy as followed: ypTx stage reported in 32 (53.3%), ypT1 in 15 (25.0%), ypT2 in 10 (16.7%) and ypT3 in 3 (5.0%). ypN0 stage in 40 patients (66.7%), ypN1 in 11 (18.3%), ypN2 in 6 (10.0%), and ypN3 in 3 (5.0%). There was a high statistical difference between cT and ypT in pre and post-chemotherapy (P

Abstract Objective Breast cancer (BC) is first of the top 10 malignancies in Iraq. Dose‐volume histograms (DVHs) are most commonly used as a plan evaluation tool. This study aimed to assess DVH statistics using three‐dimensional conformal radiotherapies in BC in an adjuvant setting. Methods A retrospective study of 70 histologically confirmed women diagnosed with BC was reviewed. The study was conducted between November 2020 and May 2021, planning for treatment with adjuvant three‐dimensional conformal radiotherapies. The treatment plan used for each woman was based on an analysis of the volumetric dose, including DVH analysis. Results The planning target volume and clinical target volume coverage for tumors at V85% was better than V90% and V95%, with highly significant differences (p

Background: Anorectal carcinoma includes the anal margin, the anal canal, and the lower rectum. The incidences of anal tumors represent 1.4 % of all gastrointestinal tumors. Patients and methods: Our study is retrospective and was conducted at Baghdad Medical City. Patient’s data were collected from the medical records through a predesigned sheet that included the following information: demographic data, medical history, past-history, presenting symptoms, pathological data, and treatment details. Results: The median age was 49 years. As regard tumor extension, 85.71 % of patients had anal disease, while anorectal cancer was encountered in 14.28 % of cases only. Male to female ratio was 1:3. Most of cases were SCC 78.57 %. Only 11 patients (39.28 %) were diagnosed as Stage I, whereas 12 patients (42.85 %) had Stage II-III disease. Moderate differentiated tumors are the most common. The tumor mass located between 5–10 cm das a distance from anal verge in 12 (42.85 %) of patients. We found 6 (21.42 %) patients with positive virology tests with no specificity detected. APR was the mainstay for treatment of stage I disease. Neoadjuvant treatment followed by TME resection was the treatment found in locally advanced tumors. The mean Overall Survival (OS) for patients received neoadjuvant CRT in the study was 43.5 months, while, the mean OS was 45.73 months in the adjuvant setting. Univariate analysis for OS according to prognostic factors revealed that sites of cancer, grades and histopathology were significant independent prognostic factors for OS in this study. The anal canal tumor was associated with shorter OS (33.25) months in comparison to the anorectal cancer (OS = 47.22 months). Based on tumor grade, well and moderate differentiation have better OS (60.21 months) while, poorly grade was associated with shorter OS (43.07 months). On the concern of SCC, it was associated with shorter OS (37 months) in comparison to higher survival in patients with adenocarcinoma (46.13 months). Conclusion: Anal canal cancer has poorer prognosis than anorectal. The early-stage has a better OS that needs more effort for early diagnosis and treatment. Resumo: Antecedentes: O carcinoma anorretal inclui a margem anal, o canal anal e o reto inferior. A incidência de tumores anais representa 1.4 % de todos os tumores gastrointestinais. Pacientes e métodos: Nosso estudo é retrospectivo e foi realizado no Baghdad Medical City. Os dados do paciente foram coletados dos registros médicos por meio de uma folha pré-projetada que incluía as seguintes informações: dados demográficos, histórico médico, histórico anterior, sintomas de apresentação, dados patológicos e detalhes do tratamento. Resultados: A idade média foi de 49 anos. Quanto à extensão do tumor; 85,71 % dos pacientes apresentavam doença anal, enquanto o câncer anorretal foi encontrado em 14,28 % dos casos. A proporção homem/mulher foi de 1:3. A maioria dos casos foi de CEC 78,57 %. Apenas 11 pacientes (39,28 %) foram diagnosticados como Estágio I, enquanto 12 pacientes (42,85 %) apresentavam doença em Estágio II?III. Tumores diferenciados moderados são os mais comuns. A massa tumoral localizada entre 5–10 cm das distâncias da margem anal em 12 (42,85 %) dos pacientes. Foram encontrados 6 (21,42 % pacientes com testes virológicos positivos sem especificidade detectada. A TAEG foi a base para o tratamento da doença em Estágio I. O tratamento neoadjuvante seguido pela ressecção do TME foi o tratamento encontrado em tumores localmente avançados. A sobrevida global média OS dos pacientes que receberam TRC neoadjuvante no estudo foi de 43,5 meses, enquanto a OS média foi de 45,73 meses no cenário adjuvante. A análise univariada para OS de acordo com fatores prognósticos revelou que locais de câncer, notas e histopatologia foram fatores prognósticos independentes significativos para OS neste estudo. O tumor do canal anal foi associado a SG mais curtos 33,25 meses em comparação ao câncer anorretal OS = 47,22 meses. Com base no grau do tumor, a diferenciação boa e moderada apresenta melhor OS 60,21 meses, enquanto o grau ruim foi associado a um OS mais curto 43,07 meses. No que diz respeito ao CEC, este foi associado a uma OS mais curta 37 meses em comparação à maior sobrevida em pacientes com adenocarcinoma 46,13 meses. Conclusão: O câncer de canal anal tem pior prognóstico que o anorretal. O estágio inicial tem um sistema operacional melhor que precisa de mais esforço para diagnóstico e tratamento precoces.

Background: Rectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of gastrointestinal tract. Combining chemotherapy with radiotherapy has a sound effect on its management. Objectives: Assessment the patterns of characterizations of rectal cancer. Evaluation of the efficacy, and long-term survival of pre-/ postoperative chemoradiation. Collecting all eligible evidence articles and summarize the results. Methods: By this systematic review and meta-analysis study, we include data of chemoradiation of rectal cancer articles from 2015 until 2019. The research was carried out at Baghdad Medical City oncology centers. Accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, and the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale used. Results: Starting with gender distribution as M:F ratio of 0.94:1.06. Regarding the age, recorded mean ± SD of 48.7 ± 14.2 years. Rectosigmoid represented the most common site as 50(49.5%), and adenocarcinoma was common histopathology as 76(75.2%) of patients, with localized stage in 50(49.5%). The moderate differentiation was most grade as 65(64.4%). The distant from anal verge mostly seen was 5–10 cm in 59(58.4%). The pulmonary was commonest site of metastasis in 11(10.9%). Most patients undergo APR operation, which has done in 41(40.6%). Adjuvant chemoradiation received by 40(39.6%) patients, whereas neoadjuvant chemoradiation gave to 25 patients. A total of 2609 articles from 12 databases met our search strategies. The highest Newcastle–Ottawa score (8) demonstrated in three studies, and median score (7) calculated in five studies. Conclusions: The incidence belonged to 5th and 6th decade of life. Rectosigmoid represented the most common site. Mostly, the 5–10 cm distant of tumor from anal verge was common finding. The pulmonary was most site of metastasis. We concluded the formulation of a novel point that survival benefit found in many pre or postoperative chemoradiation trials in rectal cancer. Resumo: Introdução: O câncer retal é um dos tumores malignos mais comuns do trato gastrointestinal. A combinação de quimioterapia e radioterapia em seu tratamento é eficaz. Objetivos: Avaliar os padrões de caracterização do câncer retal. Avaliar a eficácia e sobrevida a longo prazo em pacientes submetidos a quimiorradioterapia pré- ou pós-operatória. Coletar todos os artigos de evidências qualificados e resumir os resultados. Métodos: Esta revisão sistemática e metanálise incluiu dados de ensaios clínicos randomizados por cluster de 2015 até 2019. A pesquisa foi realizada nos centros de oncologia do Baghdad Medical City. As diretrizes PRISMA e a escala de Newcastle-Ottawa foram utilizadas para avaliar os estudos. Resultados: Quanto à distribuição por sexo, observou-se uma relação homem:mulher de 0,94:1,06. Em relação à idade, a média ± DP foi de 48,7 ± 14,2 anos. O retossigmoide fpo o local mais comum em 50 pacientes (49,5%); a histopatologia mais comum foi adenocarcinoma, observada em 76 pacientes (75,2%), com estágio localizado em 50 (49,5%). Diferenciação moderada foi observada em 65 pacientes (64,4%). A distância da borda anal variou entre 5 e 10 cm em 59 pacientes (58,4%). O pulmão foi o local mais comum de metástase, sendo observado em 11 pacientes (10,9%). A maioria dos pacientes (41 [40,6%]) foi submetida à ressecção abdominoperineal. Um total de 40 pacientes (39,6%) foram submetidos a quimiorradioterapia adjuvante e 25, a quimiorradioterapia neoadjuvante. Na revisão da literatura, foram encontrados 2.609 artigos que atendiam aos critérios de pesquisa utilizados em 12 bancos de dados. Três estudos atingiram o escore máximo na escala de Newcastle-Ottawa (8); cinco estudos atingiram o escore mediano (7). Conclusões: No presente estudo, a maior incidência de câncer retal foi observada entre a quinta e sexta décadas de vida. O retossigmoide foi o sítio tumoral mais comum. A maioria dos tumores estava localizado entre 5 a 10 cm de distância da margem anal. O pulmão foi o local mais importante de metástase. No presente estudo, quimiorradioterapia pré- ou pós-operatória estava relacionada a uma maior sobrevida em casos de câncer retal. Keywords: Rectal cancer, Chemoradiation, Rectosigmoid, TMR, APR, Palavras-chave: Câncer retal, Quimiorradioterapia, Retossigmoide, TMR, Ressecção abdominoperineal

Background: Breast cancer is a common malignancy in Iraq, accounting for one-third of female cancers in the Iraqi Cancer Registry. Radiotherapy confers benefits for local control and progression free survival (PFS) in patients with breast cancer. This study aimed to assess PFS in patients treated by hypofractionated three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) and correlate PFS with patients' clinical and pathological profiles. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 299 women with breast cancer treated at Baghdad Radiation Oncology Center between October 2017 and May 2018. Regarding radiotherapy, 4005 cGy in 15 fractions over 3 weeks was adopted as standard practice for patients undergoing mastectomy and 4005 cG in 15 fractions + 1000 cG in 5 fractions as a booster dose for women undergoing breast-conserving surgery. Results: Age ranged from 25 to 75 years, and the mean age was 49.9±10.99 years. The most common stage was T2 (156, 53.9%), which mostly comprised luminal A (105, 36.3%). The results showed a high frequency of N1 (109, 37.2%), with luminal A (69, 23.4%). Relapse occurred in 35/299 (11.7%) patients, and the chest wall was a common relapse site in 9 of these patients (25.9%). Conclusions: We conclude that adjuvant radiotherapy reduces locoregional recurrence, distant metastasis and mortality rate.