Search

Abstract Introduction Abdominal surgical emergencies have a high mortality rate. Effective management primarily relies on the early identification of patients at high risk of postoperative complications. The objective of our study was to determine the prognostic factors associated with poor outcomes from abdominal surgical emergencies in Senegal and to establish a predictive score for mortality for preoperative risk evaluation (NDAR (New Death Assessment Risk) score). Methodology This was a retrospective national cross-sectional study conducted over one year in 14 regions of Senegal. Adult patients (aged > 15 years) who presented with a traumatic or non-traumatic abdominal surgical emergency were included. The studied variables included clinical and paraclinical data. The variable of interest was death within 30 days of the surgery. Logistic regression was used to identify the factors independently associated with mortality. Risk factors identified after logistic regression analysis were weighted using odds ratio (OR) values rounded to the nearest whole number. The predictive capacity of the score was evaluated by analyzing the ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curve based on the area under the curve (AUC). Results A total of 1114 patient records were included, with a mortality rate of 4.4%. Diagnoses were observed in patients included appendicitis in 39.8% of cases (n = 444), followed by peritonitis in 22.3% (n = 249), intestinal obstruction in 18.5% (n = 205), strangulated hernias in 10.5% (n = 117), and abdominal trauma in 6.1%. Logistic regression, established the following scores: age > 40 years (score 2), ASA status grade 2 or higher (score 1), presence of a positive QSIRS score (score 2), diagnosis of peritonitis (score 2), diagnosis of intestinal obstruction (score 1), and the presence of intestinal necrosis (score 3). The score is positive if the total is strictly greater than 5, indicating a 17.7% risk of mortality. This score had a high predictive capacity with an AUC of 0.7397. Conclusion This study enabled the establishment of a score that allows for the early identification of at-risk patients, even in constrained resource settings, facilitating appropriate perioperative management and timely surgical intervention to reduce the risk of complications. This approach, focused on early recognition of high-risk patients, is crucial for improving clinical outcomes in abdominal surgical emergencies.

Introduction: The management of abdominal penetrating trauma remains complex. Between the risk of negative laparotomy and missed visceral injury, laparoscopy is a good alternative. We report 2 cases of abdominal penetrating trauma with colonic injury diagnosed and treated with laparoscopic approach. Observations: The first patient was 15 years old, with no medical history and received at 3 h of a penetrating trauma by stabbing. Hemodynamic status was normal. An exploratory laparoscopy was performed. It objectified a penetration of the peritoneum on the left flank with an injury of the anti-mesenteric edge of the descending colon that was sutured. The second patient was 20 years old, with no history, who had a penetrating trauma of the left iliac fossa by stabbing. Arterial pressure was normal. He was received 6 h after the trauma. An exploratory laparoscopy objectified an injury of 2 cm located at the sigmoid colon which was sutured with a good evolution. Conclusion: Laparoscopy in abdominal wounds is a good option in selected patients. It has a diagnostic and therapeutic importance in colonic injuries. The limits are represented by the possibility of unrecognized visceral lesions that can lead to additional morbidity.

Background The quick sequential organ failure assessment (QSOFA) score and the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria were developed to predict the risk of sepsis and death in patients received in emergency. To improve sensitivity in predicting death, the association of the two scores was proposed under the term QSIRS (QSOFA + SIRS). Our aim was to determine the accuracy of QSOFA, SIRS, and QSIRS in prediction of mortality in surgical emergencies, and to compare these scores. Patients and Methods This is a prospective study over a period of 1 year. Patients older than 15 years who presented a digestive surgical emergency (bowel obstruction, peritonitis, appendicitis, strangulated hernia) were included. For each score, the specificity, the sensitivity, the positive predictive value, the negative predictive value, and areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) were compared. Results One hundred and eighteen patients were included and 11 deaths were recorded (9.3%). There was a statistically significant relationship between each score and death (QSOFA p = 0.01, SIRS p = 0.003, and QSIRS p = 0.004). The realization of the ROC curve found a higher AUC for QSIRS (0.845 [0.767–0.905]) compared with QSOFA (0.783 [0.698–0.854]) and SIRS (0.737 [0.648–0.813]). QSIRS (90.9%) had a higher sensitivity compared with the two other scores alone (SIRS = 81.9% and QSOFA = 36.3%). Conclusion Our study found that QSIRS improves the ability to predict death in digestive surgical emergencies.

Anciennement appelé mésothéliome fibreux bénin, la TFS est une tumeur mésenchymateuse rare. La localisation abdominale est exceptionnelle. Nous rapportons le cas d´un patient présentant une tumeur fibreuse solitaire siégeant sur la paroi abdominale antérieure. Il s´agissait d´un patient de 52 ans. Il consultait pour une masse de la paroi abdominale évoluant depuis 06 ans. A l´examen physique, la masse mesurait 5 cm de grand axe et était mobile. La tomodensitométrie mettait en évidence deux masses contiguës pariétales sus-ombilicales mesurant 28x37 mm et 16x30mm. L´anatomie pathologie en complément de l´immunohistochimie retrouvait un aspect en faveur d´une tumeur fibreuse solitaire. Une chirurgie d´exérèse a été réalisée et les suites opératoires étaient simples. Les TFS sont des tumeurs rares, de bon pronostic en général. Cependant, il y´a un risque de récidive qui nécessite une surveillance au long cours.

Les lésions duodénales au cours des contusions de l'abdomen sont peu fréquentes. Il n'existe pas de consensus sur la technique chirurgicale, qui va de la suture primaire aux résections duodéno-pancréatiques complexes en fonction de la sévérité des lésions. Nous rapportons un cas de perforation duodénale isolée traitée par suture simple en un temps, afin de discuter les aspects diagnostiques, thérapeutiques et évolutifs. Il s´agit d'un patient de 17 ans, reçu à 2 jours d'une contusion abdominale. L'examen retrouvait une défense abdominale généralisée avec une fièvre 38 °C. La tomodensitométrie abdominale montrait une solution de continuité de la paroi du duodénum avec un pneumopéritoine. L'exploration chirurgicale par laparotomie retrouvait une issue de 2500 cc de liquide digestif avec une section linéaire 2 cm au niveau du bord latéral de la portion supérieure du 2ème duodénum avec des bords nécrosés. Le traitement consistait en une suture duodénale simple. Les suites opératoires étaient marquées par la survenue d'une fistule digestive à bas débit ayant bien évoluée sous traitement médical. La perforation duodénale isolée post traumatique est rare. La tomodensitométrie abdominale est d'un grand apport pour permettre un diagnostic précoce et un traitement adéquat. Il n'existe pas de consensus concernant la technique chirurgicale mais la suture primaire donne de bons résultats chez des patients sélectionnés

Introduction: la check-list (CL) de sécurité au bloc opératoire est un outil de qualité qui permet de réduire la morbimortalité péri opératoire. C’est une des exigences de la Haute Autorité de Santé (HAS) française dans la procédure de certification des établissements de santé. L’objectif de ce travail est de réaliser une évaluation quantitative et qualitative de l’utilisation de cet outil au sein du bloc opératoire central du centre hospitalier Régional de Saint Louis.Méthodes: une évaluation prospective des indicateurs de l’utilisation pratique de la check-list et de son apport dans l’amélioration des pratiques chirurgicales au bloc opératoire du centre hospitalier régional de Saint-Louis a été entamée depuis son lancement en mars 2016Résultats: le taux d’utilisation de la CL était de 75%, le taux de conformité était de 60%; le taux de renseignements était de 99% pour les items pré-induction, 93% pour les items pré-incision et 88% pour les items postopératoires. Seules 73% des CL analysées avaient été remplies avec une communication orale effective aux trois temps. La CL a permis de détecter des dysfonctionnements matériels et/ou des événements indésirables dans 15% des cas. Aucune erreur d’identification de patient ni de coté opéré ne furent objectivées dans notre étude.Conclusion: la CL participe au développement de la culture de sécurité dans les blocs opératoires, et a débouché sur la mise en place d’une cartographie des risques au bloc opératoire. Certes importante, elle ne doit néanmoins pas être présentée comme l’outil magique pour éviter les erreurs, mais s’intègre dans l’amélioration de la qualité des soins avec d’autres programmes comme le signalement d’évènements indésirables et les revues de morbi-mortalités.

INTRODUCTION: connaitre les dimensions normales de l'oreille externe constitue un pré-requis en chirurgie. Le but de ce travail est de déterminer les valeurs moyennes des différentes mesures morphométriques des oreilles gauches et droites dans notre population d'étude. METHODES: notre groupe d'étude était constitué de 100 sujets adultes jeunes (50 femmes et 50 hommes) âgés de 18 à 25 ans, et exempts de traumatismes ou d'anomalies congénitale de l'oreille externe. Les différentes mesures répertoriées étaient représentées par : la hauteur totale de l'oreille, la largeur totale de l'oreille, la hauteur lobulaire, la largeur lobulaire, la distance tragus - anti-hélix, la distance tragus - hélix, ainsi que la projection de l'oreille. RESULTATS: l'âge moyen de notre population d'étude était de 22 ans. La hauteur totale de l'oreille était respectivement de 61,6 et 60,3 mm chez les sujets de sexe masculin et féminin. La largeur totale retrouvée était respectivement de 32,5 et 30,8 mm. Pour toutes les distances mesurées, nous retrouvions des différences entre hommes et femmes, ainsi que d'un coté à l'autre. CONCLUSION: pour le clinicien, il est important de prendre en compte les mesures morphométriques de l'oreille externe non seulement dans un but diagnostic, mais également pour reproduire lors de sa reconstruction une oreille anatomiquement correcte.

• Colonic volvulus represents the leading cause of colonic obstruction in sub-Saharan Africa. • The sigmoid colon is the primary site of volvulus while the transverse colon is a rare condition. • The synchronous occurrence of a sigmoid colon and transverse colon volvulus is exceptional. • The dual location of strangulation makes it a major surgical emergency with a high risk of gangrene and septic shock. • The literature concerning its description is sparse and the treatment options are poorly codified. Colonic volvulus is defined as a torsion of a part of the colon causing large bowel obstruction by strangulation which may lead to ischemia and then necrosis. The synchronous occurrence of a sigmoid colon and transverse colon volvulus is exceptional. We describe a case of synchronous sigmoid and transverse volvulus in a patient with a qualitative systematic review of this condition. This is a 74-year-old patient with a history of chronic constipation, who consulted for bowel obstruction. Plain abdominal radiography showed diffuse gas distension of the colon with the absence of rectal gas. An exploratory laparotomy was performed and showed sigmoid colon volvulus associated with synchronous transverse colon volvulus without bowel necrosis. A left hemicolectomy with loop colostomy was performed. The restoration of bowel continuity was done 3 weeks. The post-operative course was uneventful. The occurrence of a simultaneous sigmoid and transverse colonic volvulus is an exceptional situation. Due to the rarity of this clinical entity, the literature concerning its description is sparse and the treatment options are poorly codified. There are no guidelines in the treatment and a tailored approach should be used for each patient. The dual location of strangulation makes this situation a major surgical emergency with a high risk of gangrene and septic shock. Colectomy with delayed anastomosis should be preferred in the treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Safety checklist (CL) in the operating block is a quality tool which allows to reduce perioperative morbidity and mortality. That is one of the French National Health Authority requirements for the certification procedure of healthcare institutions. This study aimed to conduct a quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the use of this tool in the central operating block at the Regional Medical Center in Saint Louis., Methods: A prospective evaluation of the indicators for monitoring the practical use of the checklist and the contribution to the improvement of surgical practices in the operating block at the Regional Medical Center in Saint Louis was initiated since the launch of this study in March 2016., Results: CL utilization rate was 75%, compliance rate was 60%; information rate was 99% for the pre-induction items, 93% for the pre-incision items and 88% for the postoperative items. Only 73% of analyzed CL were filled with an effective oral communication according to the three items. CL helped to detect hardware failures and/or adverse events in 15% of cases. No patient's identification or operated side error were objectified in our study., Conclusion: CL contributes in the development of the culture of patient's safety in the operating block and has led to the establishment of a risk mapping in the operating block. Nevertheless, while important, it shouldn't be considered a magic tool to avoid errors but integrated into the improvement in health care quality with other programs such as the reporting of adverse events and the the review of morbidity and mortality.