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The need for efficiency in nanotechnology has spurred extraordinary development. Hybrid nanofluids, which are base fluids injected with nanoparticles, have a great potential for thermal enhancement in thermal systems. Particularly promising for magnetic thermal engineering are magnetic hybrid nanofluids. Understanding dynamic transport in Graphene Oxide (GO)–Fe3O4/H2O and GO/H2O nanofluids over stretching and shrinking surfaces, with severe entropy consequences, is still uncharted territory. To fully grasp this complexity, our study examines the numerical investigation of entropy formation in magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) hybrid nanofluids. The aim of this study is to establish a mathematical framework for understanding entropy production in the context of MHD, unsteady, incompressible flow of hybrid nanofluid flow over surfaces that experience both stretching and shrinking. The investigation encompasses the influence of MHD effects and nonlinear thermal radiation on flow behavior. The governing modeled form is modified into solvable representations in Cartesian configuration and then addressed utilizing the built-in bvp4c approach in MATLAB. For numerous quantities of the relevant parameters, several key features of flow and heat transmission are explored, discussed, and illustrated utilizing tables and graphs. Furthermore, the heat transfer properties in a magnetic field have been improved dramatically. The comprehensive entropy generation rate was condensed by up to 41% as opposed to refined water, according to the findings from the analysis.

Heat transfer improvement in industrial and engineering applications has attained a lot of interest from investigators in recent years. This is due to fact that the improvement of the much equipment in this sector such as electronic devices and heat exchangers are highly dependent on rate of the thermal transport. Due to their low thermal conductivity, base fluids such as oil, water, and ethylene glycol limit the heat transport rate. Because of its many functions in various manufacturing problems, hybrid convective heat transfer has piqued the interest of many engineers. The heat transfer flow with magnetic dipole features in hybrid nanoparticles $ ({\textrm{CuO} - \textrm{CoF}{\textrm{e}_\textrm{2}}{\textrm{O}_\textrm{4}}}) $ (CuO − CoF e 2 O 4 ) , $ ({\textrm{CoF}{\textrm{e}_\textrm{2}}{\textrm{O}_\textrm{4}}}) $ (CoF e 2 O 4 ) and used blood as a base fluid over a spreading sheet are investigated. The flow problem of PDEs is transmuted into structure of nonlinear ODEs by employing suitable similarity conversions. For numerical solution, bvp4c solver in MATLAB computing software is considered. Graphs depict the effects of important controlling flow parameters on velocity distribution and temperature profile. Furthermore, the table discusses the thermo physical characteristics of nanoparticles and hybrid nanofluids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The investigation of mixed convective flow involving microorganisms in nanofluid has garnered considerable interest in recent times owing to its extensive applicability in the biomedical domain. However, there has been a lack of study investigating a comprehensive parameter analysis for the flow of a third‐grade nanofluid around a cylinder in the presence of microorganisms. This study focuses on numerically investigating the flow of nanofluid around a stretched cylinder in the presence of motile microorganisms. The study also considers convective boundary conditions. Moreover, this study explores the nanofluid qualities related to Brownian motion and thermophoresis diffusion characteristics. The variable parameters include the Prandtl number (Pr), Peclet number (Pe), buoyancy ratio parameter (Nr), mixed convection parameter (λ$\lambda $), bioconvection Lewis number (Lb), Biot number (Bi), and Marangoni number (Ma). The bvp4c issue solver tool in MATLAB is used to numerically solve the nonlinear governing differential equations. The numerical model has been validated using prior papers. Graphical representations are created to depict several important measurements, such as velocity streamlines, velocity profiles, temperature distributions, nanoparticle concentrations, densities of gyrotactic motile microorganisms, local Nusselt numbers, skin friction, and Sherwood numbers. The link between the Nusselt number and the parameters Nt and Rd suggests that as Nt falls and Rd increases, the Nusselt number increases. The skin friction value is directly proportional to the values of Nr and Nc. There is a positive correlation between the rise in the local mass transfer rate and the values of Rd and Nt. The population of mobile microorganisms grows as the values of Lb and Pe decrease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Particular interest has been paid to the consequences of nanofluid owing to the significant energy shortage in the modern world due to its ultra-high thermo-physical properties. Recent researchers have paid huge attention to enriching energy output through the interaction of nanoparticles to resolve this perilous problem. In this work, the magnetized transport of micropolar nanoliquid under the influence of variable thermal conductivity and thermally radiation over a vertical stretching surface with motile microorganisms is analyzed. The heat source/sink and the magnetic field impacts are also considered. The converted non-dimensional controlling ODEs are solved with bvp4c solver (shooting technique) in MATLAB mathematical software. Results of numerical computation are displayed graphically. Prominent parameters such as magnetic parameter, Prandtl number, thermophoresis parameter, thermal radiation, Peclet number, mixed convective number, Lewis number, microrotation parameter, and bioconvection Lewis number are evaluated by plotting graphs for the characteristics of velocity, temperature, volumetric concentration, and microorganism concentration. Efficient heat transfer in macro-tech processes will benefit from the process and findings of this research. The presented model is important in the fields of nanotechnology and bioengineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditionally the aggregate production plan helps in determining the inventory, production, and work-force, based on the demand forecasts without considering the productivity loss at a tactical level in supply chain planning. In this paper, we include the productivity loss into traditional aggregate production plan and the prescriptive analytics technique, linear programming, is used to solve this problem of practical interest in the domain of multifarious businesses and industries. In this study, we discussed two model variations of the aggregate production planning problem with and without productivity loss, i) fixed work-force, and ii) variable Work Force. The mathematical models were designated to be solved by using an open-source python pulp package in order to evaluate the impacts of the productivity loss on both the models. PuLP is an open-source modeling framework provided by the COIN-OR Foundation (Computational Infrastructure for Operations Research) for linear and integer Programing problems written in Python. The computational results indicate that the productivity loss has direct impact on the workforce hiring and firing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims to investigate possible perception gap between fresh engineering graduates and their employers about essential skills required for getting a job. Data were collected from 129 industrial employers and 812 final year engineering students from all over Pakistan with the help of a questionnaire adapted from Secretary's Commission on Achieving Necessary Skills (SCANS) comprising 36 questions categorized into eight broader areas. Data analysis reveals that wide gap exists between the perceptions of both, as employers give more importance to skills like creativity, communication, interpersonal, decision making and problem solving, while engineering graduates perceive that their technical skills would play a major role in getting them jobs. Strong correlation is observed between students' ranking of skills and their competence level in respective skills. Consequently, students' un-employment time increases causing concern among students, parents and the students' academic institutions. This situation becomes more alarming in a developing country like Pakistan, where unemployment has already touched 8.3%, the highest in last 13 years. Findings of this study can guide the management of engineering universities to better align their engineering programs with employer's requirements and create awareness among students about the importance of soft skills in their professional career. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]