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Objective·To measure the parameters of the uterine artery, umbilical artery and middle cerebral artery in a rat model of preeclampsia (PE) by Doppler ultrasound, and compare the pathological changes in placental blood vessels and pregnancy outcomes, in order to provide an effective method and reference for evaluating placental function in PE animal models.Methods·PE (n=8) and normal pregnancy (NP, n=8) groups in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat models were established by intraperitoneal injections of N′-nitro-L-arginine methylesterhydrochloride (L-NAME) and 0.9% sodium chloride solution. Blood pressure and proteinuria indexes were detected to evaluate whether the model was successfully established. On gestational day 19 (GD19), Doppler ultrasound was utilized to measure the parameters of the uterine artery, umbilical artery and the fetal middle cerebral artery in both the PE and NP groups. After termination of the pregnancies, placental function was evaluated through the pathology of placental blood vessels and the quality of the fetuses and placentas.Results·In the PE group, both blood pressure (GD15: P=0.001; GD19: P=0.001) and proteinuria (GD15: P=0.001; GD19: P=0.001) were significantly higher than those in the NP group. The pulsatility index (PI) of the umbilical artery and uterine artery was notably elevated in the PE group compared to the NP group (both P=0.000). Furthermore, the resistance index (RI) of the fetal middle cerebral artery was significantly lower than that in the PE group (P=0.000). While the number of fetal rats did not differ significantly, the quality of placental and fetal rats was notably lower in the PE group (P=0.006 and P=0.000, respectively). Immunohistochemical staining of placental tissue revealed that the number of placental micro vessel densities in the PE group was less than that in the NP group (P=0.001). Correlation analysis revealed that placental micro vessel density, fetal quality and placental quality were inversely related with the RI of the umbilical artery and the PI and RI of the uterine artery, and positively correlated with the S/D, PI and RI of the fetal middle cerebral artery (all P

The location and size of tumors, treatment methods and prognosis of patients with head and neck cancer can seriously affect their oral function and neck activity, thereby affecting daily activities such as eating, speech and upper limb movement. Early rehabilitation after head and neck cancer surgery can accelerate functional recovery, alleviate discomfort symptoms, improve quality of life, and reduce unnecessary rehabilitation or treatment measures. Developing a clinical rehabilitation nursing pathway for head and neck cancer, forming personalized rehabilitation plans, and conducting early and effective nursing interventions are currently one of the key points of clinical work for patients with head and neck cancer. At present, domestic and foreign guidelines or consensus pays less attention to the impairments of speech function, chewing and swallowing function, neck and shoulder function etc., and lacks a systematic and comprehensive rehabilitation nursing guide or consensus to provide practical guidance for the care of patients with head and neck cancer. Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine organized relevant experts from Beijing, Shanghai, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Zhejiang and Anhui to draft Expert consensus on postoperative rehabilitation nursing of patients with head and neck cancer basing on previous literature and clinical nursing skills and experiences, of which the aim is to provide guidance for those patients in the aspects of oral care, nutritional support, flap donor area care, care after tracheotomy, chewing and swallowing rehabilitation, speech function rehabilitation, neck and shoulder function rehabilitation, restricted mouth opening rehabilitation, risk identification and prevention and follow-up.

Objective·To study the prevalence of mouth opening restriction in oral cancer patients by meta-analysis.Methods·China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), Wanfang Data (Wanfang), Chinese BioMedical Literature Database (CBM), PubMed, Ovid, EMbase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science/SciSearch, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for observational studies about the prevalence rate of restricted mouth opening in oral cancer patients (including prospective, retrospective, and cross-sectional studies). The time limit for retrieval was from the database establishment to April 30th, 2022. The obtained documents were independently screened and extracted according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the literature quality evaluation was performed by using methodological index for non-randomized studies (MINORS). The data were combined with the mouth-opening-restricted prevalence rate as the outcome indicator, the meta-analysis was performed by using Stata 15.0 software, and the subgroup analysis was performed based on the detection time, tumor site, and tumor stage. The evidence quality of outcome indicators was evaluated by using GRADE profiler 3.6 software according to GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) system.Results·A total of 3 719 documents were obtained during the initial examination, and 18 documents were finally included, including 2 701 objects. The meta-analysis results showed that the total prevalence rate of mouth opening restriction in oral cancer patients was 42.7% (95%CI 27.0%‒59.1%). The results of subgroup analysis showed that the prevalence rates of mouth opening restriction in patients with oral cancer before surgery, and 3 months, 6 months and 1 year or more after surgery were 29.6% (95%CI 9.0%‒55.8%), 75.2% (95%CI 68.3%‒81.5%), 59.1% (95%CI 38.8%‒77.9%) and 22.3% (95%CI 2.0%‒54.3%), respectively. The prevalence rates of mouth opening restriction in patients with oral cancer at T1‒T2 stage and T3‒T4 stage were 38.6% (95%CI 26.0%‒52.0%) and 99.6% (95%CI 93.9%‒100.0%) respectively. The prevalence rates of mouth opening restriction in patients with oral cancer in the retromolar triangle, the gingiva, the tongue, the salivary gland, the floor of mouth and the lip were 93.1% (95%CI 68.5%‒100.0%), 68.1% (95%CI 52.9%‒81.7%), 46.1% (95%CI 11.6%‒82.7%), 26.1% (95%CI 15.9%‒37.5%), 21.9% (95%CI 0.7%‒54.0%), and 3.1% (95%CI 0‒9.3%), respectively. The GRADE system for evidence quality grading indicated that the quality of evidence for outcome indicator was extremely low.Conclusion·The total prevalence rate of mouth opening restriction in patients with oral cancer is high, nearly 50%; the patients at 3 months after surgery, at 6 months after surgery, at T3‒T4 stage or whose tumor located in the retromolar triangle have higher prevalence rates.

Dyslipidemia a chronic, metabolic syndrome characterized by elevated lipid profiles together with lipid peroxidation in individuals with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). Functional ingredients such as high phenolic content and potent antioxidant activity obtained from agricultural waste by-products or waste are of great interest. However, the hypolipidemic effects of the waste mango (Mangifera indica L.) leaves (MLE) have not been investigated. Here, the specific lipid-lowering and potential hepatoprotective mechanisms by which the gavage administration of MLE affects lipid metabolism and liver steatosis in rats fed on a high-fat diet (HFD) were evaluated. In rats treated with high level of MLE, a persistent suppressive effect on liver weight and body weight gain was discovered after 28-day intervention. Furthermore, body lipid index and reduced inflammatory reaction and liver function parameters in HFD control rats were markedly ameliorated by supplementation with high doses of MLE. In addition, histological and histomorphometric analyses here demonstrated that fat accumulation changed in HFD supplemented hyperlipidaemia rats, but normalized in MLE treatment groups. Further real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot analyses were carried out to determine the mRNA and protein abundance of PPARα receptors and CYP7A1 in liver tissues of rats. These results indicate that MLE supplement have the promising lipid lowering effects in HFD-induced hyperlipidaemia rats based on positive ameliorations in the serum lipid profile and liver function parameters.

Assessing the environmental vulnerability of the Plateau is beneficial for a number of reasons, including understanding how the region’s environmental vulnerability developed and was formed, as well as for promoting the region’s green development and protecting the environment. This study has created a national response to pressure management model by integrating traditional management practices with the national response to pressure, and by examining the spatial and temporal characteristics of nature resources in the Plateau from 2000 to 2015. The findings demonstrate that the rate of change in Tibet Plateau’s delicate ecological environment is relatively slow, indicating the necessity for new management strategies to safeguard the natural environment.

The title compound, [Sn(CH3)3(C6H3F2O2Se)]n, was prepared by treatment of 3,4-difluorobenzeneseleninic acid and trimethyltin chloride with sodium ethoxide in methanol. In the polymeric crystal structure, infinite chains, with the SnIV atom in a trigonal–bipyramidal C3O2 coordination environment involving methyl ligands and the bridging 3,4-difluorobenzeneseleninate anion, are present. The chains extend parallel to [010] and are linked through slipped π–π interactions and weak C—H...O hydrogen bonds into a three-dimensional network.

Introduction: The 2010 targets of the China Hepatitis B Prevention Programme were a prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) less than 1.0% for children less than five years old and less than 6.0% for the total population. This survey assessed the prevalence of Hepatitis B infection in Lianyungang, Jiangsu province, China in 2009–2010.Methods: Multistage sampling was used with 2372 subjects among 17 selected villages. Blood specimen collection and testing by enzyme-linked immunosorbnet assay (ELISA) were completed using the following markers for hepatitis infection: HBsAg and antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs); hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and antibody to HBeAg (anti-HBe); and hepatitis B core antibody (total anti-HBc). The data were analyzed with Epi Info, version 3.3.2.Results: The prevalence of HBsAg was 2.4% (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.8–3.0; Adjusted Prevalence [AP] 2.9%); anti-HBs prevalence was 51.1% (95% CI: 49.1–53.1; AP 49.2%) and total anti-HBc prevalence was 41.7% (95% CI: 39.8–43.7; AP 45.5%). The prevalence of HBsAg and total anti-HBc positivity increased from young to older age groups, yet the prevalence of anti-HBs positivity decreased from young to older age groups (P < 0.001 for all). There was no difference in the prevalences of HBsAg and anti-HBs among females and males (P = 0.108 and 0.089), but females had a higher prevalence than males for total anti-HBc positivity (P < 0.001).Discussion: This survey showed that in 2010 the prevalence of HBsAg among children aged less than five years was lower than the national target of 1.0% and that the prevalence of HBsAg for the total population was lower than the national target of 6.0%.

Children bitten by venomous snakes comprise emergency cases that present high morbidity and mortality, especially in some regions of Asia and Africa. Reports on clinical features and management of envenomated children are scarce. This observational study implemented a protocol for antivenom use in pediatric snakebite victims in Taiwan, between 1994 and 2007. The present work investigated demographics, clinical features and effects of antivenom therapy and the complications and prognosis for snakebites. A total of 55 children and adolescents, with a median age of 9.9 years (ranging from 2 to 18 years), was identified. Forty-five patients (82%) were bitten between May and September. Thirty-five patients (64%) received antivenom therapy, 28 of them (80%) within two hours after being bitten. No fatalities occurred and only five of 35 patients (14%) had major morbidity when treated according to the protocol. Thirty-one snakes (56%) were identified and 12 of them (38%) were Naja atra. This study indicates that a protocol for children affected by snakebites is valuable for guiding emergency physicians to treat these patients immediately. Further strategies are required to reduce the morbidity rate that occurs as a result of Naja atra bite.

Purpose: Building on the concepts of learning communities of practice, the paper aims to evaluate their application within degree apprenticeships (DAs) to support pedagogic engagement and inclusive education within a university setting. Design/methodology/approach: A case study of an existing B2B sales degree apprenticeship reviewed relevant programme documents and evaluated apprentice learner experience through an anonymised online survey. Findings: The study found that sales apprentices had a reflexive awareness of how learning communities operated within this context and raised some valuable insights about their perceptions of inclusive education. These communities have differing dynamics that value engaging with workplace professionals, peers and university. Apprentices prefer tuition that accommodates their shared interests as employee learners within an occupational role. Issues surrounding inclusive education are seen as integral to the experience of being an apprentice. Practical implications: Post-COVID engagement could be used to frame more effective social learning for work-integrated practice and programme teams could advocate for a greater integration of DAs within institutional settings. Originality/value: This research indicates that B2B sales degree apprentices see themselves as operating within distinctive learning communities of practice that support their work-integrated (WIL) studies in higher education. The paper recommends programme teams provide more collaborative engagement within learning communities to support inclusive education goals.