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Objective: To determine uptake of contraceptive methods by post abortion clients along with factors influencing the uptake. Study Design: Descriptive cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in three public and three private hospitals of Sargodha from February to October 2018. Materials and Methods: The study included 160 post abortion clients using two stage sampling technique. A questionnaire was designed based upon questions used in previous studies. Part A of questionnaire was filled to record socio demographic details and part B to assess contraceptive uptake. Chi square test was applied to determine association between independent and dependent variables. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22. P-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Mean age of participants was 28.4 ± 6.04 years. Only 38.1% clients adopted contraceptive method within one month. Short term methods were adopted by 62.2% and long acting reversible contraceptives by 26.2% clients. Male condom was the most frequently chosen method, adopted by 24.5% clients. Fifty four percent clients having > 3 living children, 48.7% clients served by private sector, 61.7% clients reporting previous contraceptive use and 50.9% clients who received counseling, adopted the method. Association between these factors and contraceptive uptake was statistically significant (p value

Background: The 2013 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of soft tissue and bone tumours recognizes benign entities such as lipoma and four major liposarcoma subtypes: atypical lipomatous tumour/well differentiated liposarcomas (ALT/WDL), dedifferentiated liposarcomas (DDL), myxoid liposarcoma and pleomorphic liposarcoma. This classification of atypical and malignant adipocytic tumours has evolved significantly over the past few decades owing to contributions from cytogenetics, molecular genetics and Immunohistochemical correlates. Most ALT/WDLs can be diagnosed on histology; however, some of the biopsies may be underdiagnosed due to focal atypia or limited nature of tissue for the biopsy. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for MDM2 (located at 12q14-15) gene amplification has emerged as gold standard for diagnosis in cases with limiting histological factors. Methods: We studied MDM2 amplification by FISH in 55 such problematic adipocytic tumours with overlapping morphological features and a retrospective analysis was made against their corresponding histological features. Results: MDM2 amplification correctly identified 11 of 17 ALT/WDLs (64.71% concordance) and 8 of 10 Lipomas (80% concordance). We were able to differentiate liposarcomas from other high grade sarcomatous lesions and sub-classified these lesions into pleomorphic and dedifferentiated types. Conclusion: FISH for MDM2 amplification should be used as a gold standard in adjunction with morphology and immunohistochemistry for problematic adipocytic neoplasms [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is a modern and minimally invasive technique to acquire diagnostic material from within the gastrointestinal tract, as well as from adjacent organs and structures, which can help in the diagnosis and staging of a variety of gastrointestinal malignancies, as well as for non-malignant conditions. Though well described in adults, there is limited literature on the diagnostic utility of EUS-FNA in paediatric patients. The objective of this study is evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility of EUS-FNA in paediatric patients performed at our centre over the last 17 years., Materials and Methods: After obtaining IRB approval, 63 cases of paediatric EUS-FNA performed at SKMCH&RC from 2005 to 2022 were retrieved. A 22-gauge EUS-FNA needle was used for obtaining samples with use of suction (when required). The sample was then smeared onto glass slides, with half being stained with RAPI stain while the rest with the Papanicolaou stain. Demographic details, indication for the procedure, results of rapid on-site adequacy status(ROSE), site of lesion and cytological diagnosis were reviewed and analysed., Results: Of the 63 patients, 55 (87.3%) had an adequate sample (confirmed on ROSE). 42 (66.7%) were male and the mean age was 12.4 years. The most frequent indication of EUS-FNA was sampling of enlarged lymph nodes (74.6%). The most common sites of nodal aspiration were subcarinal (33.3%) and celiac lymph nodes (14.3%). EUS-FNA of a pancreatic lesion accounted for an additional 17.5% of cases. Involvement by Hodgkin's lymphoma was the most common diagnosis (25.4%) followed by granulomatous inflammation (19.1%). Cases of solid pseudo-papillary tumor (4.8%) and recurrent Wilm's tumor (3.2%) were also diagnosed. No patient suffered complications, and none required hospital admission, post procedure. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of EUS-FNA were 98.1, 83.3, 96.4 and 90.9% respectively., Conclusion: EUS-FNA is a safe, well-tolerated, minimally invasive out-patient setting procedure with high sensitivity and significant utility in the diagnosis and staging of disease., (S. Karger AG, Basel.)