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The ethanolic extract of the stem bark of Croton heliotropiifolius Kunth (Euphorbiaceae) showed significant in vitro inhibition of acetylcholinesterase using a dilution spectrophotometric assay and antifungal activity against Candida albicans with a thin layer chromatography (TLC) bioautographic assay. In order to isolate the active compounds, bioassay-guided fractionation was undertaken using HPLC to localize the active compounds. Different zones of the HPLC-UV chromatogram were linked to acetylcholinesterase inhibition or to antifungal activities. In parallel to this HPLC-based activity profiling, HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS and HPLC-TOF-HRMS were used for the early identification of some of the compounds present. The targeted isolation of the active compounds was performed by medium pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC-UV) and further semi-preparative HPLC. Using this approach, nine compounds were isolated, one of them being a new indole alkaloid derivative. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including UV, NMR, MS and HRMS.

School-age children are frequently at high risk for the onset of biofilm-dependent conditions, including dental caries and periodontal diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of a dentifrice containing Eugenia uniflora Linn. (Surinam cherry) extract versus a triclosan-based comparator in treating gingivitis in children aged 10-12 years. The in vitro antibacterial potential of the dentifrice was tested against oral pathogens (Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus oralis and Lactobacillus casei). Then a phase-II clinical trial was conducted with 50 subjects aged 10-12 years, with clinical signs of gingivitis. The subjects were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n=25) and control group (n=25), in which participants used the experimental dentifrice and a triclosan-based fluoridated dentifrice (Colgate Total 12(r)), respectively. Clinical examinations assessed the presence of gingivitis (primary outcome) and biofilm accumulation (secondary outcome) using the Gingival-Bleeding Index (GBI) and Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S), respectively, at baseline and after seven days of tooth brushing 3x/day. The data were analyzed using paired and unpaired t-test (GBI) and Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney (OHI-S), with p≤0.05. The experimental dentifrice showed efficient antibacterial activity in vitro. In the clinical trial, a significant reduction in gingival bleeding was observed in both experimental and control groups (p

Objective: To assess in vivo the effect of using a dentifricevcontaining hydroalcoholic extract of the ripe fruit of Eugenia uniflora L. on the oral health i...

Nine new tropane alkaloids substituted by a methylpyrrole moiety were isolated from the bark of Erythroxylum vacciniifolium, a Brazilian endemic plant used in traditional medicine and locally known as catuaba. All compounds were elucidated as tropanediol or -triol alkaloids esterified by at least one 1-methyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid. One of the isolated compounds was identified as a tropane alkaloid N-oxide. Their structures were determined by high-resolution mass spectrometry and multidimensional NMR spectroscopy.

An infusion of the aerial parts of Neurolaena lobata (L.) R. Br. (Compositae-Asteraceae) is used in Caribbean folk medicine to treat several kinds of pain. In this investigation we studied the acute oral toxicity of the hydroalcoholic extract of the plant and the antinociceptive effect of the extract and of its hexane- and chloroform-partitioned fractions, given orally, in nociception and inflammatory models in mice. No signs of toxicity were observed for oral doses up to 5000 mg kg−1 in mice. Morphine hydrochloride (10 mg kg−1), dipyrone sodium (200 mg kg−1), the hydroalcoholic extract (1000 mg kg−1), and its chloroform- and hexane-partitioned fractions (100 mg kg−1) significantly inhibited acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction in mice (100, 95, 47, 62 and 60% inhibition, respectively when compared with the negative control). In the hot-plate test in mice, morphine hydrochloride, the chloroform- and hexane-partitioned fractions, but not the hydroalcoholic extract, resulted in a significant latency increase in all observation times. In the acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction in mice, pretreatment of the animals with naloxone significantly reversed the analgesic effect of morphine, but not that of the hydroalcoholic extract or of its hexane- and chloroform-partitioned fractions. Finally, administration of the hexane- and chloroform-partitioned fractions (100 mg kg−1) had a significant anti-oedematogenic effect on carrageenan-induced oedema in mice. These data show that the hydroalcoholic extract of N. lobata and, in particular, its partitioned fractions have significant analgesic properties when assessed through these pain models. Their antinociceptive effect might be the result of interference with the inflammatory process.

The genus Virola (Myristicaceae) comprises approximately 35 species which are distributed in neotropical countries (Rodrigues, 1980). Their geographical and taxonomic distribution has been used in studies of chemical ecology (Paulino Filho, 1985), especially of the Amazon forest. The bark resin, derived from various Virola species, provides hallucinogenic snuff and an arrow poison, and the species has thus attracted phytochemical examination (Holmstedt et al., 1980). The genus is well known to be an abundant source of lignans and neolignans, and its important physiological actions have been reported (MacRae and Towers, 1985). A particularly striking finding is the observed high levels of lignoids found in human urine (enterolignans), following dietary intake of vegetable fibre and grain (Bannwart et al., 1989), which have been suggested to have cancer-protective effects (Adlercreutz et al., 1991). Investigations of lignoids in plants were mainly carried out with trunk wood (Fernandes, J. B. et al., 1980), bark, fruit (Lemus and Castro, 1989), fruit pericarp, aril, seed coat and kernel (Kato et al., 1990), while little is known of the distribution of these compounds in the leaves (Martinez et al., 1985). The apparent lack of phytochemical data may be due in part to the nature of the crude extracts of Virola leaves, which generally yield a sticky residue composed of chlorophylls and other colouring matters which are difficult to resolve by chromatographic methods. The general procedure for the removal of colouring matter from plant leaves includes the treatment of green extracts with freshly activated charcoal or by passing through a charcoal column (Nair et al., 1990), as well as by lead acetate adsorption. There are, however, disadvantages to these procedures: metabolite losses can occur through occlusion in the precipitate and a residuum of lead acetate remains in solution and can cause problems in subsequent stages. As part of our continuous research work on the Virola, we have examined the lignoid constituents of the leaves of V. surinamensis (Rol.) Warb. (Barata et al., 1978; Queiroz Paulo, 1982; Santos and Barata, 1990) of V. oleifera (Schott) A. C. Smith (Fernandes, A. M. A. P. et al., 1993, 1994) and of V. pavonis (A. DC.) A. C. Smith (Ferri and Barata, 1991, 1992). The crude extracts of the leaves were systematically submitted to chlorophyll elimination yielding purified fractions free of colouring matter and rich in lignoid mixtures. This resulted in the isolation of seventeen lignoids, including nine new compounds. The present work describes the use of this simplified methodology for an efficient separation of the lignans and neolignans from apolar and polar crude extracts of the leaves of V. oleifera and V. pavonis.

Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:25:22Z No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-05-27T14:31:01Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 2-s2.0-79951750137.pdf: 183237 bytes, checksum: bb2687b5ad147a176412cc4ceb140351 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:25:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-12-01 Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (aroeira) tincture in the treatment of denture stomatitis. Method: Eighteen removable denture wearers with clinical diagnosis of type II denture stomatts and presence of candidosis associated to the denture use, as confirmed by clinical and mycological examinations, were selected for the study. The patients were allocated to two groups: TG (test group) - treatment with Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (aroeira) tincture; CG (control group), treatment with nystatin. All patients were instructed to clean the dentures with toothbrush and dentifrice, and then apply the product on the palatal mucosa and on denture surface 3 times a day, during 15 consecutive days, removing the denture at bedtime and keeping it in a receptacle with water. At the 15th day of use, the clinical and mycological examinations were redone to evaluate treatment efficacy. Data were analyzed statistically by Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests at 5% significance level. Results: The inflammatory process and Candida spp. infect on were eliminated in 66.7% and 77.8% of the cases, respectively, in TG. In CG, elimination of the inflammatory process and fungal infect on occurred in 77.8% and 88.9% of the cases, respectively. These results were statistically significant (p=0.01). There was no statistically significant difference between the treatments (p>0.05). In all cases, fungal infect on was detected only on the denture, and C. albicans was the most prevalent microorganism, being present in 94.4% of the cases. Conclusion: The treatment with Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (aroeira) tincture was effective in the treatment of denture stomatitis, promoting remission of the inflammatory process and Candida spp infection. Faculdade de Odontologia Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara/SP Disciplina de Química Departamento de Química Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa/PB Laboratório de Micologia Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa/PB Disciplina de Clínica Integrada Departamento de Clínica e Odontologia Social Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa/PB Faculdade de Odontologia Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara/SP

Objetivou-se avaliar a eficácia do uso de spray de óleo essencial da Eugenia uniflora L. (Pitanga) na descontaminação de escovas dentárias. Foi realizado um ensaio clínico cruzado duplo cego, com uma amostra de 28 universitários entre 19 e 25 anos de idade, de ambos os gêneros, que não utilizavam antibióticos ou anti-sépticos e autorizaram sua participação por meio da assinatura do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. Os participantes usaram três sprays pelo período padronizado de uma semana: spray teste (pitanga a 2%, água destilada e Tween-80), spray controle positivo (clorexidina a 2%) e spray controle negativo (água destilada e Tween-80). A cada semana, foi disponibilizado um “kit” contendo escova dental com capa, creme dental, e um dos três sprays, tendo um intervalo de uma semana entre o uso destes. Avaliou-se o grau de contaminação bacteriana das escovas pelo S. mutans, depois do uso de cada spray por uma semana, sendo semeadas as diluições de 10-3 do soro fisiológico, onde as escovas foram submersas, no meio de cultura Ágar Mitis Salivarius–Bacitracina. Após a semeadura, as placas foram incubadas em estufa a 37ºC por 48 horas emmicroaerofilia e feita a contagem de UFC/mL. As médias de UFC/mL foram: spray teste = 1968,07, controle negativo = 4867,82 e controle positivo = 337,93. Foram observadas diferenças significativas ao nível de 1% (p = 0,01) ao Teste t de Student entre as médias para todos os grupos. Concluiu-se que o spray testado foi eficaz na descontaminação das escovas dentárias.

Two new tropane alkaloid N-oxides substituted by a methylpyrrole moiety were isolated from the bark of Erythroxylum vacciniifolium Mart. (Erythroxylaceae), a Brazilian indigenous plant, locally known as catuaba and used in traditional medicine as an aphrodisiac. The alkaloid structures were determined by a combination of high resolution mass spectrometry and multi-dimensional NMR spectroscopy.

The main objective of this work was to quantify the migration of iron and aluminium ions and to evaluate the influence of recipients made of iron, stainless steel, aluminium and glass on the oxidative stability during frying with soy (Glycine max) and refined nhandiroba oils (Fevillea trilobata). Soy oil during the frying process in the four distinct recipients presented increased Free Fatty Acids index (FFA) and Peroxide index (PI) values and decreased Iodine index (II) values. Refined nhandiroba oil presented decreased FFA rates in all the recipients investigated. The analysis of results showed that soy oil presented relevant oxidative alterations when compared to the heating time of 72 h and the types of frying recipients used, and in iron and stainless steel recipients, these differences were higher when compared to glass and aluminium recipients. The analysis of the nhandiroba oil presented moderate oxidative modifications in all the frying recipients investigated.O Objetivo fundamental foi quantificar a migração dos íons ferro, alumínio e avaliar a influencia dos recipientes de inox, de ferro, de alumínio e de vidro no processo de estabilidade oxidativo, durante a fritura em óleos refinados de soja (Glycine max) e de nhandiroba (Fevillea trilobata). O óleo de Soja durante o processo de fritura nos quatro tipos de recipientes apresentou valores aumentados de (AGL) e (IP) e valores diminuídos (II). O óleo de nhandiroba refinado apresentou taxas de (AGL) decrescidas nos recipientes pesquisados. As análises dos resultados mostraram que o óleo de soja apresentou alterações oxidativas relevantes, quando comparado com o tempo de aquecimento de 72 horas e os tipos de recipientes de frituras utilizados, sendo que, em recipientes de ferro e inox essas diferenças foram maiores do que em recipientes de alumínio e vidro. As análises do óleo de nhandiroba apresentaram modificações oxidativas brandas nos quatro tipos de recipientes pesquisados.

This study aims to report the case of a patient with sickle cell anemia, that had right calcaneal ulcer , treated topically with coverage based on collagen and aloe vera. Clinical case study, developed in a public hospital in Joao Pessoa-PB, which is part of an experimental research project for the development of new technologies for wound treatment. History was taken and physical examination was performed, and the information was recorded in the evaluation form of the client. Bandages were applied, evaluations and daily logs of the lesion were made and photographs were taken to assist in monitoring the response of the lesion to the applied coverage. During the appointments, guidelines were given on systematic medical follow-up, on the diet, on the abstention from alcohol, to rest and to prevent new injuries on the wound. The client reported gradual reduction of pain, attendance to hematologist appointments, caution to prevent trauma on the injury, abandonment of alcoholism and diet was followed within their economic possibilities, The treatment lasted approximately five weeks, showing rapid healing process, without discomfort or complications arising from the use of coverage. The coverage showed good tolerability and therapeutic efficacy in the given case.

Eight new tropane alkaloids (1-8) were isolated from the bark of "catuaba", a Brazilian endemic plant Erythroxylum vacciniifolium Martius. Their structures were determined by high-resolution mass spectrometry and multidimensional NMR spectroscopy.

Avocado (Persea americana Mill) pulp and seeds of the cultivar Fuerte, cultivated in the Northeast region of Brazil, were analysed for their proximate composition. The lipid contents of the pulp and seeds were 15.39% and 1.87%, respectively. Hexane extracted oils from pulp and seeds presented similar refractive indices (1.4608 and 1.4592), specific gravity (0.9272 and 0.9300) and peroxide values (1.40 and 1.37), but different acid (2.45 and 4.12), iodine (77.6 and 69.4) and saponification values (178.3 and 231.6), respectively. Gas chromatographic analysis revealed the presence of twenty two and twenty seven fatty acids in pulp and seed oils, respectively. Palmitic acid was the principal saturated acid, present in concentrations of 21.3% in pulp and 20.8% in seed oils. The major difference between these oils was in their mono-unsaturated (C18:1 - 64.3%, for pulp and 15.4% in seed oil) and poly-unsaturated (C18:2 and C18:3 - 9.14% and 0.46%, respectively, in pulp oil and 34.39% and 5.81%, respectively, in seed oil) fatty acids composition.La semilla y pulpa del aguacate (Persea americana Mill), cultivar Fuerte, cultivado en la región del nordeste de Brasil fueron analizados para determinar su composición centesimal. El contenido de lípidos en pulpa y semillas, en la base húmeda fueron 15.39% y 1.87%, respectivamente. Los aceites extraídos de la pulpa y de las semillas por hexano representan similares índices de refracción (1.4608 y 1.4592), densidad específica (0.9272 y 0.9300) e índice de peróxidos (1.40 y 1.37) pero diferentes índices de acidez (2.45 y 4.12), iodo (77.6 y 69.4) y saponificación (178.3 y 231.6), respectivamente. El análisis de cromatografía gaseosa revela la presencia de 22 y 27 ácidos grasos en aceite de pulpa y de semillas, respectivamente. El ácido palmítico fue el principal ácido saturado, presente en concentraciones de 21,3% en pulpa y 20,8% en aceites de semillas. La principal diferencia entre estos aceites fue su contenido de ácidos grasos mono-insaturados (C18:1 -64.3% en aceite de pulpa y 15.4% de semillas) y poli-insaturado (C18:2 y C18:3 -9.14% y 0.46% respectivamente, en aceite de pulpa y 34.39% y 5.81% respectivamente, en aceite de semillas).

The trunk bark and roots of #Annona spinescens$ have been investigated for their alkaloid content. Two new berbine alkaloids, pessoine and spinosine, have been isolated from the bark, and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Eight known isoquinoline alkaloids were also obtained. The trypanocidal and antileishmanial activities of these isolated compounds have been investigated. (Résumé d'auteur)

Two new tropane alkaloid N-oxides substituted by a methylpyrrole moiety were isolated from the bark of Erythroxylum vacciniifolium Mart. (Erythroxylaceae), a Brazilian indigenous plant, locally known as catuaba and used in traditional medicine as an aphrodisiac. The alkaloid structures were determined by a combination of high resolution mass spectrometry and multi-dimensional NMR spectroscopy.

Bioguided fractionation of Syzygium cumini (Myrtaceae) bark decoction for antiplasmodial activity was performed, leading to the isolation of three known ellagic acid derivatives (ellagic acid, ellagic acid 4-0-a-L-2"-acetylrhamnopyranoside, 3-0-methylellagic acid 3'-O-a-L-rhamnopyranoside), as well as the new derivative 3-0-methylellagic acid 3'-O-f)-D­glucopyranoside. Activity investigation was based on the reduction of P. Jalciparum (PjKl) parasitaemia in vitro and the inhibition of f)-hematin formation, a known mechanism of action of some antimalarial drugs. Among the investigated ellagic acid derivatives, only ellagic acid was able to reduce P. Jalciparum parasitaemia in vitro and inhibit f)-hematin formation, suggesting that free hydroxyl groups are necessary for activity within this class ofcompounds. Keywords: Syzygium cumini, Myrtaceae, ellagic acid derivatives, antiplasmodial, f)-hematin.

The isolation and identification of two lignans, eudesmin and epi-iangambin from Rollinia exalbida and R. pickelli respectively, is described. This is the first report of lignans in the Annonaceae.