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Water pollution caused by dyes is a significant environmental issue, necessitating the development of effective, cost-efficient decolorization methods suitable for industrial use. In this study, a Chitosan-Fe polymeric gel was synthesized, characterized, and tested for removing the azo dye Direct Red 83:1 from water. The polymeric magnetic chitosan was analyzed using various techniques: Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) revealed a porous structure, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) demonstrated the thermal stability, Infrared Spectrophotometry (IR) indicated the successful coordination of iron at the C3 position, and X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD) confirmed the crystalline nature of the polymeric structure. Optimal conditions for kinetic and isotherm models were found at 1 g and pH 7.0. Adsorption behavior of Direct Red 83:1 onto magnetic chitosan gel beads was studied through kinetic tests and isotherm curves. The maximum adsorption capacity was 17.46 mg/g (qmax). The adsorption process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics (R2 = 0.999) and fit the Temkin isotherm (R2 = 0.946), suggesting heterogeneous surface adsorption. The newly synthesized Chitosan-Fe polymeric gel demonstrated good adsorption properties and facilitated easy separation of purified water.

Introducción: La pandemia del COVID-19 ha provocado cambios que afectan a los sistemas sanitarios y al enfoque de las enfermedades infecciosas en todo el mundo. La demanda de vacunas contra el COVID-19 se encuadra en un espectro que va desde el rechazo hasta la demanda, con una aceptación pasiva en el medio. Objetivo: Determinar la adherencia de los adultos a la vacunación contra la COVID-19. Chauria-Caballero, Paraguay 2022. Metodología: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal, con enfoque cuantitativo. El muestreo fue no probabilístico por conveniencia. La muestra estuvo conformada por un total de 225 adultos; los datos fueron recabados por medio de una encuesta elaborada por la investigadora, los datos fueron procesados con el software EPI INFO. Resultados: La mayoría de los sujetos de estudio se vacunaron, y hubo adherencia de la población a la vacuna contra la COVID-19 en un 93 %; diversos factores influyeron en las decisiones de estos; el porcentaje de adultos no vacunados mencionan como motivos su desconfianza (69 %) y el miedo/temor a la vacunación (31 %). Discusión: El estudio encontró una alta adherencia en general, la gran mayoría de los participantes vacunados contra COVID-19, porcentajes significativos se reportaron en Chile, China y Catar, cifras muy altas con relación a la aceptación de la vacuna a nivel país, teniendo una cobertura con un porcentaje mayor a la mitad con al menos una dosis.

Summary: Background: Cervical cytology remains widely used as the initial tool in cervical cancer screening worldwide. WHO guidelines recommend replacing cytology with primary HPV testing to reach cervical cancer elimination goals. We assessed the performance of cytology and high-risk HPV testing to detect cervical precancer, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 3 or worse (CIN3+) among women aged 30–64 years participating in the ESTAMPA study. Methods: Women were screened with cytology and HPV across ESTAMPA study centres in Latin America. Screen-positives were referred to colposcopy with biopsy collection and treatment as needed. Those with no evident precancer were recalled at 18-months for a second HPV test to complete disease ascertainment. Performance indicators for cytology and HPV to detect CIN3+ were estimated. Findings: 30,606 participants with available cytology and HPV results were included in the analysis. A total of 440 histologically confirmed CIN3s and 30 cancers were diagnosed. Cytology sensitivity for CIN3+ was 48.5% (95% CI: 44.0–53.0), whereas HPV testing had a sensitivity of 98.1% (95% CI: 96.3–96.7). Specificity was 96.5% (95% CI: 96.3–96.7) using cytology and 88.7% (95% CI: 88.3–89.0) with HPV. Performance estimates varied substantially by study centre for cytology (ranging from 32.1% to 87.5% for sensitivity and from 89.2% to 99.5% for specificity) while for HPV results were more consistent across sites (96.7%–100% and 83.6–90.8%, respectively). Interpretation: The limited and highly variable sensitivity of cytology strongly supports transition to the more robust and reproducible HPV-based cervical screening to ensure progress towards global cervical cancer elimination targets in Latin America. Funding: IARC/WHO, UNDP, HRP/WHO, NCI and local funders.

Desde Alejandro Magno a nuestros días, la tradición icónica de Occidente ha recreado la gloria de sus próceres. La asimilación del gobernante/hombre ilustre con la divinidad, trajo consigo el proceso de deificación tras la muerte para su memoria y gloria eterna. Con estas líneas proponemos una aproximación a los prototipos iconográficos asociados a los conceptos de deificación de los emperadores romanos (Apotheosis y retratos mitológicos), desde su génesis hasta la era imperial.

Introducción. La artritis reumatoide consiste en una enfermedad caracterizada por dolores articulares, por fatiga, incapacidad funcional y contribuye en la depresión del paciente. Objetivo. Evaluar la calidad de vida y la capacidad funcional en pacientes con diagnóstico de artritis reumatoide de los miembros de la Asociación de Guerreros de la Artritis de Paraguay en el año 2022. Metodología. Estudio observacional analítico de corte transversal en el que se incluyó 200 pacientes diagnosticados con artritis reumatoide, seleccionados por conveniencia. La medición se realizó por medio de los cuestionarios en su versión española “calidad de vida (QOL-RA)” y “discapacidad (HAQ)”. Resultados. El coeficiente alfa de Cronbach de los instrumentos fueron 0,842 y 0,972, respectivamente. Hubo mayor porcentaje del sexo femenino (89,5%), la edad media fue de 47,5 años y la duración media de la enfermedad 14,07 años. Las subescalas que más incidieron en la calidad de vida fueron dolor, tensión, salud y artritis y la mayor calidad de vida se observó en ayuda e interacción. Con relación a la capacidad funcional se observó menor dificultad en vestirse e higiene, y mayor dificultad en prensión, caminar y levantarse. La calidad de vida de los participantes tuvo una media de 6,61. Existió correlación inversa significativa moderada (r=-0.598) entre la calidad de vida y la capacidad funcional. Conclusión. Los pacientes presentaron una calidad de vida buena, y discapacidad ligera. Hubo correlación inversa significativa moderada entre la calidad de vida y la capacidad funcional.

The significant environmental issue of water pollution caused by emerging contaminants underscores the imperative for developing novel cleanup methods that are efficient, economically viable, and that are intended to operate at high capacity and under continuous flows at the industrial scale. This study shows the results of the operational design to build a prototype for the retention at lab scale of pollutant residues in water by using as adsorbent material, insoluble polymers prepared by β-cyclodextrin and epichlorohydrin as a cross-linking agent. Laboratory in-batch tests were run to find out the adsorbent performances against furosemide and hydrochlorothiazide as pollutant models. The initial evaluation concerning the dosage of adsorbent, pH levels, agitation, and concentration of pharmaceutical pollutants enabled us to identify the optimal conditions for conducting the subsequent experiments. The adsorption kinetic and the mechanisms involved were evaluated revealing that the experimental data perfectly fit the pseudo second-order model, with the adsorption process being mainly governed by chemisorption. With KF constant values of 0.044 (L/g) and 0.029 (L/g) for furosemide and hydrochlorothiazide, respectively, and the determination coefficient (R2) being higher than 0.9 for both compounds, Freundlich yielded the most favorable outcomes, suggesting that the adsorption process occurs on heterogeneous surfaces involving both chemisorption and physisorption processes. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity (qmax) obtained by the Langmuir isotherm revealed a saturation of the β-CDs-EPI polymer surface 1.45 times higher for furosemide (qmax = 1.282 mg/g) than hydrochlorothiazide (qmax = 0.844 mg/g). Based on these results, the sizing design and building of a lab-scale model were carried out, which in turn will be used later to evaluate its performance working in continuous flow in a real scenario.

The main objective of this research is to form an omnichannel marketing model applied at the shopping centers in Medellín city. For this, a qualitative methodology was applied. Two (2) focus groups with shopping center customers, two (2) in-depth interviews with experts in Omnichannel, Sandiego Shopping Center case study, and a theoretical review were carried out to obtain the fundamental components of the omnichannel marketing model applied to this category. The model is proposed in a circular structure, made up of orbits that revolve around the Omni-client. The model is made up of the consumer's journey, from 5A; the levels of transparency, coherence, and fluidity based on: (+) Greater consistency = (+) Greater loyalty; and the levels of online and offline interaction, which are transversal in the entire proposal of the model.

En este estudio se intentan delimitar unos criterios claros en el tratamiento discursivo de terf, explorando las fronteras entre el discurso de odio y la libertad de expresión, y observando el tradicional relegamiento institucional del discurso de odio sexista. Sobre este último, se han descrito variantes como el gendertrolling, y específicamente el ciberantifeminismo. Se ha revisado el material lingüístico que producen estas corrientes, especialmente el término feminazi, una de las principales etiquetas antifeministas, para ponerlo en permanente correlación y contraste con terf y dilucidar, según diversos criterios y clasificaciones científicas, cuál es la consideración discursiva que mejor le corresponde.

The COVID-19 pandemic represents a valuable opportunity to carry out cohort studies that allow us to advance our knowledge on pathophysiological mechanisms of neuropsychiatric diseases. One of these opportunities is the study of the relationships between inflammation, brain development and an increased risk of suffering neuropsychiatric disorders. Based on the hypothesis that neuroinflammation during early stages of life is associated with neurodevelopmental disorders and confers a greater risk of developing neuropsychiatric disorders, we propose a cohort study of SARS-CoV-2-infected pregnant women and their newborns. The main objective of SIGNATURE project is to explore how the presence of prenatal SARS-CoV-2 infection and other non-infectious stressors generates an abnormal inflammatory activity in the newborn. The cohort of women during the COVID-19 pandemic will be psychological and biological monitored during their pregnancy, delivery, childbirth and postpartum. The biological information of the umbilical cord (foetus blood) and peripheral blood from the mother will be obtained after childbirth. These samples and the clinical characterisation of the cohort of mothers and newborns, are tremendously valuable at this time. This is a protocol report and no analyses have been conducted yet, being currently at, our study is in the recruitment process step. At the time of this publication, we have identified 1,060 SARS-CoV-2 infected mothers and all have already given birth. From the total of identified mothers, we have recruited 537 SARS-COV-2 infected women and all of them have completed the mental health assessment during pregnancy. We have collected biological samples from 119 mothers and babies. Additionally, we have recruited 390 non-infected pregnant women.

Acute and chronic bone infections, especially those caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), remains a major complication and therapeutic challenge. It is documented that local administration of vancomycin offers better results than the usual routes of administration (e.g., intravenous) when ischemic areas are present. In this work, we evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy against S. aureus and S. epidermidis of a novel hybrid 3D-printed scaffold based on polycaprolactone (PCL) and a chitosan (CS) hydrogel loaded with different vancomycin (Van) concentrations (1, 5, 10, 20%). Two cold plasma treatments were used to improve the adhesion of CS hydrogels to the PCL scaffolds by decreasing PCL hydrophobicity. Vancomycin release was measured by means of HPLC, and the biological response of ah-BM-MSCs growing in the presence of the scaffolds was evaluated in terms of cytotoxicity, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation. The PCL/CS/Van scaffolds tested were found to be biocompatible, bioactive, and bactericide, as demonstrated by no cytotoxicity (LDH activity) or functional alteration (ALP activity, alizarin red staining) of the cultured cells and by bacterial inhibition. Our results suggest that the scaffolds developed would be excellent candidates for use in a wide range of biomedical fields such as drug delivery systems or tissue engineering applications.

The role of spinal glia in the development and maintenance of chronic pain has become over the last years a subject of increasing interest. In this regard, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling has been proposed as a major trigger mechanism. Hence, in this study we explored the implications of TLR4 inhibition in the periphery and primarily in the CNS, focusing on the impact this inhibition renders in pain development and glia activation in the dorsal horn in two models of pain. Making use of a synthetic cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14)/TLR4 antagonist, the effect of TLR4 blockade on tactile allodynia and heat hyperalgesia was evaluated in osteoarthritic and postoperative rat models. An in vitro parallel artificial membrane permeation assay was performed to determine the proneness of the drug to permeate the blood-brain barrier prior to systemic and central administration. Findings suggest a dominant role of peripheral TLR4 in the model of incisional pain, whilst both peripheral and central TLR4 seem to be responsible for osteoarthritic pain. That is, central and peripheral TLR4 may be differently involved in the etiopathology of diverse types of pain what potentially seems a promising approach in the management of pain.

The study focuses on predictive modelling of inactivation of Salmonella enterica after treatment with chlorophyllin-chitosan complex and visible light. Salmonella cells were incubated with chlorophyllin-chitosan complex (0.001 % chlorophyllin and 0.1 % chitosan) for different times (5-60 min) and then illuminated with visible light (λ=405 nm, He=38 J/cm2). Inactivation curves and post-treatment regrowth curves were built based on microbiological viability tests and data were fitted to ten inactivation and two regrowth models. The photoactivated complex reduced Salmonella population, which were unable to regrow. Weibull and Baranyi models were the best to describe the inactivation and regrowth kinetics respectively. In conclusion, data from the kinetic analysis and predictive modelling confirmed that photoactivated chlorophyllin-chitosan complex is a promising non-thermal approach for inactivation of Gram-negative pathogens, since no bacterial regrowth after treatment has been predicted.

LiminaR. Estudios sociales y humanísticos cumple 20 años de publicarse de manera continuada. La trayectoria de este proyecto institucional ha estado signada por el compromiso de la comunidad académica del Centro de Estudios Superiores de México y Centroamérica (CESMECA) con la construcción colectiva de un espacio autogestionado por la misma comunidad para la socialización de las ideas, los conocimientos y las propuestas nacidas de proyectos multidisciplinarios de investigación y creación propios y de una amplia red de colegas de las Ciencias Sociales y las Humanidades interesados e interesadas en Chiapas, el sur-sureste mexicano, Centroamérica y el Caribe.

The aim of this study was to obtain solid carvacrol-cyclodextrin (CD) complexes for use in the pharmaceutical industry. To this end, the complexation of carvacrol at different pH values was studied in detail, to determine the type of CD and the reaction environment that supported the highest amount of encapsulated carvacrol. Evidence of the capability of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrins (HP-β-CD) to form inclusion complexes with carvacrol (KC = 5042 ± 176 L mol−1) and more high complexation efficiency (2.824) was demonstrated for HP-β-CDs using two different energy sources, ultrasound (US) (KC = 8129 ± 194 L mol−1 24 h) and microwave irradiation (MWI) (KC = 6909 ± 161 L mol−1), followed by spraying the resulting solution in a spray dryer. To confirm complex formation, the complexes were characterized using various instrumental methods to corroborate the carvacrol incorporation into the hydrophobic cavity of HP-β-CD. The obtained carvacrol solid complexes were analyzed by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (ROSEY), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) characterization. The structures of the resulting complexes were also characterized by molecular modeling. Furthermore, 1 mM HP-β-CD-carvacrol complex has been shown to reduce cell proliferation in HCT-116 colorectal cancer cells by 43%, much more than in a healthy lung fibroblast MRC-5 cell line (11%).

This paper analyzes some problems in the translation into Spanish of John L. Austin’s How to Do Things with Words, especially those related to terminology, omissions and additions, with the aim of evaluating its degree of deviation from the original text and in order to confirm its tendency towards domestication, that is usually the preferred choice in philosophical translations. The convenience of a new translation of this work in the academic field of Spanish will be raised as the ultimate objective.

The design of multi-target directed ligands (MTDLs) is a valid approach for obtaining effective drugs for complex pathologies. MTDLs that combine neuro-repair properties and block the first steps of neurotoxic cascades could be the so long wanted remedies to treat neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). By linking two privileged scaffolds with well-known activities in ND-targets, the flavonoid and the N,N-dibenzyl(N-methyl)amine (DBMA) fragments, new CNS-permeable flavonoid – DBMA hybrids (1–13) were obtained. They were subjected to biological evaluation in a battery of targets involved in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other NDs, namely human cholinesterases (hAChE/hBuChE), β-secretase (hBACE-1), monoamine oxidases (hMAO-A/B), lipoxygenase-5 (hLOX-5) and sigma receptors (σ1R/σ2R). After a funnel-type screening, 6,7-dimethoxychromone – DBMA (6) was highlighted due to its neurogenic properties and an interesting MTD-profile in hAChE, hLOX-5, hBACE-1 and σ1R. Molecular dynamic simulations showed the most relevant drug-protein interactions of hybrid 6, which could synergistically contribute to neuronal regeneration and block neurodegeneration.

Water pollution by dyes is a huge environmental problem; there is a necessity to produce new decolorization methods that are effective, cost-attractive, and acceptable in industrial use. Magnetic cyclodextrin polymers offer the advantage of easy separation from the dye solution. In this work, the β-CD-EPI-magnetic (β-cyclodextrin-epichlorohydrin) polymer was synthesized, characterized, and tested for removal of the azo dye Direct Red 83:1 from water, and the fraction of non-adsorbed dye was degraded by an advanced oxidation process. The polymer was characterized in terms of the particle size distribution and surface morphology (FE-SEM), elemental analysis (EA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), infrared spectrophotometry (IR), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The reported results hint that 0.5 g and pH 5.0 were the best conditions to carry out both kinetic and isotherm models. A 30 min contact time was needed to reach equilibrium with a qmax of 32.0 mg/g. The results indicated that the pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion models were involved in the assembly of Direct Red 83:1 onto the magnetic adsorbent. Regarding the isotherms discussed, the Freundlich model correctly reproduced the experimental data so that adsorption was confirmed to take place onto heterogeneous surfaces. The calculation of the thermodynamic parameters further demonstrates the spontaneous character of the adsorption phenomena (ΔG° = −27,556.9 J/mol) and endothermic phenomena (ΔH° = 8757.1 J/mol) at 25 °C. Furthermore, a good reusability of the polymer was evidenced after six cycles of regeneration, with a negligible decline in the adsorption extent (10%) regarding its initial capacity. Finally, the residual dye in solution after treatment with magnetic adsorbents was degraded by using an advanced oxidation process (AOP) with pulsed light and hydrogen peroxide (343 mg/L); >90% of the dye was degraded after receiving a fluence of 118 J/cm2; the discoloration followed a pseudo first-order kinetics where the degradation rate was 0.0196 cm2/J. The newly synthesized β-CD-EPI-magnetic polymer exhibited good adsorption properties and separability from water which, when complemented with a pulsed light-AOP, may offer a good alternative to remove dyes such as Direct Red 83:1 from water. It allows for the reuse of both the polymer and the dye in the dyeing process.

This paper analyses a variety of issues (biography, history, theory, methodology…) that throw light on the peculiarity of John L. Austin and his philosophy, as well as on the rejection generated against it. From all these aspects, this study intends to highlight the stylistic and discursive ones, especially the role of rhetoric, whit the aim to show that this author creates a performative prose in line with its intellectual content. In this way, Austin gives to his work a unique coherence between content and form.

Cualquier acercamiento a la figura de Aquiles es un encuentro con la tristeza y la muerte, con diversidad de muertes y también con la respuesta del sentimiento humano ante ellas. En el presente trabajo, analizaremos la iconografía de algunos de los asuntos más destacados en relación con las hazañas del héroe: la muerte de Troilo, la muerte de Patroclo y la muerte de Héctor, partiendo de los prototipos forjados en el arte antiguo y observando las principales modificaciones icónicas acaecidas en el tiempo.

Este artículo analiza el poderoso influjo de la filosofía, la cultura y el teatro griegos en el trabajo y el discurso filosóficos de John L. Austin. El estudio se centra en dos vertientes estrechamente relacionadas: la peculiar recreación que el filósofo hace del eíron socrático y su inspiración directa en las estrategias retóricas y teatrales de los diálogos platónicos.

Viruses on some foods can be inactivated by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light. This green technology has little impact on product quality and, thus, could be used to increase food safety. While its bactericidal effect has been studied extensively, little is known about the viricidal effect of UV on foods. The mechanism of viral inactivation by UV results mainly from an alteration of the genetic material (DNA or RNA) within the viral capsid and, to a lesser extent, by modifying major and minor viral proteins of the capsid. In this review, we examine the potential of UV treatment as a means of inactivating viruses on food processing surfaces and different foods. The most common foodborne viruses and their laboratory surrogates; further explanation on the inactivation mechanism and its efficacy in water, liquid foods, meat products, fruits, and vegetables; and the prospects for the commercial application of this technology are discussed. Lastly, we describe UV’s limitations and legislation surrounding its use. Based on our review of the literature, viral inactivation in water seems to be particularly effective. While consistent inactivation through turbid liquid food or the entire surface of irregular food matrices is more challenging, some treatments on different food matrices seem promising.

El Museo de La Rinconada Legado arqueológico y paleontológico Francisco Sousa posee la peculiaridad de que sus colecciones proceden de hallazgos casuales que formaron parte de la didáctica de un instituto de secundaria durante las décadas de 1980 y 1990. Las piezas provienen de dos yacimientos de la localidad: las terrazas cuaternarias del Guadalquivir con útiles líticos y fauna fósil y del Cerro Macareno, un tell con evidencias desde el Calcolítico hasta el siglo i a.n.e. El Museo se inauguró en 2009 y en su proyecto y ejecución se contó con especialistas en cada una de los periodos y temáticas. En su nueva etapa como Museo municipal, la museografía potencia el carácter didáctico con el que se formaron sus fondos y trata de ser un dinamizador del patrimonio cultural del municipio proponiendo actividades para colectivos concretos.

The aim of this article is to review the importance of the question of life's meaning, mainly for intellectually gifted, as well as suggesting possibilities for educational and therapeutic approaches with an integration between Dabrowski's proposals and Frankl's and Yalom's existential psychotherapies for enhancing meaning. In particular, we suggest that "a successful transition between childhood and adult giftedness depends upon the gifted individual's finding meaning in their life and a sense of purpose through which to try to achieve it." The article is based on an integration of theory-based propositions, a review of existing research, and clinical observations. We conclude that it is important to integrate ideas about existential problems into education and psychotherapy for the gifted, increasing gifted individuals' sense of meaning through development of human values, a eudaimonic life orientation, full expression of potential, generativity, harmony, self-compassion, and spirituality.

Abstract Banisteriopsis caapi is the basic ingredient of ayahuasca, a psychotropic plant tea used in the Amazon for ritual and medicinal purposes, and by interested individuals worldwide. Animal studies and recent clinical research suggests that B. caapi preparations show antidepressant activity, a therapeutic effect that has been linked to hippocampal neurogenesis. Here we report that harmine, tetrahydroharmine and harmaline, the three main alkaloids present in B. caapi, and the harmine metabolite harmol, stimulate adult neurogenesis in vitro. In neurospheres prepared from progenitor cells obtained from the subventricular and the subgranular zones of adult mice brains, all compounds stimulated neural stem cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation into adult neurons. These findings suggest that modulation of brain plasticity could be a major contribution to the antidepressant effects of ayahuasca. They also expand the potential application of B. caapi alkaloids to other brain disorders that may benefit from stimulation of endogenous neural precursor niches.

Guillermo Rovirosa protagoniza una experiencia en educación llevada a cabo por militantes pobres organizados en el apostolado obrero durante los años 1946 a 1964. Puso en pie un plan de formación, basado en el método de encuesta (ver, juzgar y actuar) en colaboración con obreros y sacerdotes que hicieron posible, en su momento una escuela de formación militante. El método de encuesta es una estructura con sólidas bases epistemológicas y que tiene en cuenta los procesos dialécticos del pensamiento y el conocimiento. Consta de tres fases en una lógica fundamentada desde la fenomenología: un acercamiento a un tema de análisis desde la realidad en sí, el juicio crítico sobre la misma y la intervención planificada para la transformación del hecho analizado; y cada una de estas fases contempla las tres dimensiones del hombre: personal, ambiental e institucional.

BACKGROUND:Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality among women from Paraguay, with high incidence and mortality rates (31.2 and 16 per 100 000 women, respectively). Although the risk factors associated with high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection and preneoplastic cervical lesions are widely studied, population-based characteristics of particular settings may influence the feasibility of HPV-based CC screening implementation. This study aimed to explore factors associated with hrHPV infection and high-grade cervical neoplasia in hrHPV-positive (hrHPV+) women from Paraguay. METHODS:A total of 5677 women aged 30-64 years from the Central Department of Paraguay were screened with HPV test (Hybrid Capture 2) and Pap smear. Sociodemographic and risk factor interviews were conducted. hrHPV+ women were referred to colposcopy and women with an abnormal colposcopy had a biopsy taken. The outcomes recorded were the hrHPV status and the presence of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or worse (CIN2+) among hrHPV+ women. Associations were investigated using multivariate logistic regressions. RESULTS:hrHPV prevalence was 13.8% (95%CI 13.0-14.8). This value decreased with the age of women (p-trend

"Humanitarian giftedness" is the deployment of one's gifts and talents in a way that, at some level, benefits humanity. Humanitarian giftedness involves sharing one's gifts with others in a way that makes the world a better place. It is not something people are born with--they develop it in the same way other forms of expertise are developed--through a deployment of abilities as developed by deliberate practice and a focus on giving rather than just receiving. Teachers and parents can develop humanitarian giftedness by being role models, by sharing stories of humanitarian giftedness, and by encouraging it in their students. They also must discourage use of gifts for ends that harm humanity. The road to more humanitarian deployment of gifts is not through tests and other assessments, but through the development of humanitarian gifts as a learned form of expertise--as gifts not from genes, but rather from the interaction of the person with the tasks they confront and the environmental contexts in which they live.

Introducción: Las comunidades indígenas presentan un mayor riesgo de inseguridad alimentaria y malnutrición, menor disponibilidad de recursos, y una creciente dependencia de alimentos más baratos aunque con un alto grado de procesamiento. Objetivo: Identificar el estado nutricional y aspectos alimentarios en mujeres indígenas de tres comunidades del Departamento de Presidente Hayes, Chaco Paraguayo. Metodología: Estudio observacional de diseño transversal con componente analítico, que incluyó a 81 mujeres de 15 a 44 años de edad, de las etnias Maká y Toba Qom. Previo consentimiento informado, se realizó la valoración nutricional y la entrevista para obtener los datos sociodemográficos y alimentarios. Resultados: Las mujeres indígenas presentaron una frecuencia de sobrepeso de 30,8% y obesidad del 21,0%, mientras que el 1,2 % presentó desnutrición. No encontramos diferencia significativa entre las etnias, en relación al sobrepeso y obesidad, (p>0,05). Observamos que las indígenas tenían una alta ingesta de frutas, azúcares y mieles. El 87 y 88% de las mujeres indígenas de ambas etnias estudiadas refirieron no consumir lácteos y derivados y entre 65 y 69% refirieron no consumir verduras. Conclusiones: Observamos un elevado porcentaje de obesidad y sobrepeso, un bajo consumo de lácteos y verduras y un alto consumo de azúcares, relacionados posiblemente a cambios en los aspectos alimentarios y sus costumbres, influenciados por la cercanía a las zonas urbanas y el acceso a alimentos de menor precio y mayor contenido energético.

The objective of the present study is to obtain linalool- cyclodextrin (CDs) solid complexes for possible applications in the food industry. For this purpose, a detailed study of linalool complexation was carried out at different pH values, to optimize the type of CDs and reaction medium that support the highest quantity of encapsulated linalool. Once demonstrated the ability of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CDs), to form inclusion complexes with linalool (KC = 921 ± 21 L mol−1) and given their greater complexation efficacy (6.788) at neutral pH, HP-β-CDs were selected to produce solid inclusion complexes by using two different energy sources, ultrasounds and microwave irradiation, subsequently spraying the solutions obtained in the Spray Dryer. To provide scientific solidity to the experimental results, the complexes obtained were characterized by using different instrumental techniques in order to confirm the inclusion of linalool in the HP-β-CDs hydrophobic cavity. The linalool solid complexes obtained were characterized by using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (ROSEY), differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. Moreover, the structure of the complex obtained were also characterized by molecular modeling.

Consumers demand the use of eco-friendly fungicides to treat fruit and vegetables and governmental authorities have unauthorized the application of chemical antifungals for the efficient control of sour rot. In the present research, the microwave irradiation (MW) method was used to encapsulate thymol into 2-hydroxylpropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) and the effect of these HP-β-CD on controlling sour rot in citrus fruit, caused by Geotrichum citri-aurantii, was evaluated. Amounts of 25 and 50 mM of HP-β-CD-thymol were used, and compared with propiconazole, to control the decay of inoculated lemon fruit. The treatments were performed in curative and preventive experiments. The incidence and severity of Geotrichum citri-aurantii in 25 and 50 mM HP-β-CD-thymol-treated fruit were reduced in both experiments. The preventive 50 mM HP-β-CD-thymol treatment showed the best effect, reducing the sour rot, respiration rate and fruit weight loss during storage at 20 °C. HP-β-CD-thymol increased polyphenol concentration and the activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and peroxidase (POD) in lemon peel, and the highest effects were found with the 50-mM dose. In conclusion, the results show that the use of thymol encapsulated by MW into HP-β-CD could be an effective and sustainable tool, a substitute to the synthetic fungicides, for G. citri-auriantii control in citrus fruit.

Two cyclodextrins (CDs), γ– and hydroxypropyl (HP)–γ–CDs were used to synthesize new adsorbents by using epichlorohydrin (EPI) as cross-linking agent in order to remove Direct Red 83:1 (DR) from water. Both polymers were characterized in terms of Fourier spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, particle size distribution and thermogravimetric analysis. Experimental data for both polymers were well fitted to the pseudo-second order and intraparticle diffusion model, indicating that in the adsorption both chemical and physical interactions are essential in the removal of DR. Three different isotherm models were analyzed, concluding that γ–CDs–EPI followed the Temkin isotherm and HP–γ–CDs-EPI the Freundlich isotherm, these results suggested that the adsorption was happening onto heterogeneous surfaces. The results of the Gibbs free energy showed that the adsorption was spontaneous at room temperature. In order to eliminate the remaining dye after the polymer treatment, and advanced oxidation process (AOP) was considered, achieving more than 90% of removal combining both mechanisms.

Wearable electronics make it possible to monitor human activity and behavior. Most of these devices have not taken into account human factors and they have instead focused on technological issues. This fact could not only affect human–computer interaction and user experience but also the devices’ use cycle. Firstly, this paper presents a classification of wearable design requirements that have been carried out by combining a quantitative and a qualitative methodology. Secondly, we present some evaluation procedures based on design methodologies and human–computer interaction measurement tools. Thus, this contribution aims to provide a roadmap for wearable designers and researchers in order to help them to find more efficient processes by providing a classification of the design requirements and evaluation tools. These resources represent time and resource-saving contributions. Therefore designers and researchers do not have to review the literature. It will no be necessary to carry out exploratory studies for the purposes of identifying requirements or evaluation tools either.

One of the most successfully procedures used to increase the production of t-resveratrol in Vitis vinifera suspension-cultured cells is the application of cyclodextrins (CDs) and methyl jasmonate (MJ) as elicitors. In particular, β-CDs are characterized by their chemical structure which makes them special, not only by acting as elicitors, but also because they are compounds capable of trapping high added-value hydrophobic molecules such as t-resveratrol. However, the use of β-CDs as elicitors increases the production costs of this compound, making their industrial exploitation economically unfeasible. Therefore, the development of β-CDs recovery strategies is necessary to provide a viable solution to their industrial use. In this work, carboxymethylated and hydroxypropylated β-CDs have been used to form polymers using epichlorohydrin (EPI) as a cross-linking agent. The polymers were coated to Fe3O4 nanoparticles and were jointly used with MJ to elicit V. vinifera suspension-cultured cells. Once elicitation experiments were finished, a magnet easily allowed the recovery of polymers, and t-resveratrol was extracted from them by using ethyl acetate. The results indicated that the production of t-resveratrol in the presence of free carboxymethyl-β-CDs was much lower than that found in the presence of carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrins-EPI polymer coated magnetic nanoparticles. In addition, the maximal levels of t-resveratrol were found at 168 h of elicitation in the presence of 15 g/L hydroxypropyl-β-CDs polymer coated magnetic nanoparticles and MJ, and non-t-resveratrol was found in the extracellular medium, indicating that all the t-resveratrol produced by the cells and secreted into the culture medium was trapped by the polymer and extracted from it. This work also showed that polymers can be regenerated and reused during three cycles of continuous elicitation since the induction and adsorption capacity of hydroxypropyl-β-CDs polymer-coated magnetic nanoparticles after these cycles of elicitation remained high, allowing high concentrations of t-resveratrol to be obtained.

Eggshell, a waste material from food manufacturing, can be used as a potential ecofriendly adsorbent for the elimination of textile dyes from water solutions. The adsorption process was evaluated varying factors such as initial dye load, contact time, pH, quantity of adsorbent, and temperature. The initial dye load (Direct Blue 78) was in the range of 25−300 mg/L. The kinetics of adsorption were analyzed using different models, such as pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticle diffusion model. Also, the experimental data at equilibrium were studied using Freundlich, Langmuir, and Temkin isotherms. The kinetics followed pseudo-second-order, then pseudo-first-order, and finally the model of intraparticle diffusion. The results obtained for data at equilibrium follow the order: Freundlich > Langmuir > Temkin. The adsorption equilibrium showed a maximum capacity of adsorption (qmax) of 13 mg/g at pH 5, and using 0.5 g of eggshell. Dye adsorption was enhanced with increasing temperatures. The thermodynamic study revealed the spontaneity and endothermic nature of the adsorption process. The desorption study shows that the eggshell could be reused in different adsorption/desorption cycles. A novel advanced oxidation process could degrade more than 95% of the dye. The results show that eggshell is a waste material useful to remove hazardous dyes from wastewater, which may alleviate the environmental impact of dyeing industries.

Tomando como pretexto el hermoso cuadro de Guido Reni que conserva el Museo del Prado volveremos la mirada al mundo antiguo, y ahondaremos en el origen del mito y en los antecedentes literarios e iconográficos que sirvieron de preámbulo a la obra del pintor boloñés. También señalaremos la influencia de Reni y cómo su obra maestra calaría hondo en la pintura occidental, convertida desde entonces en paradigma icónico del tema hasta llegar a nuestros días

Neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus is a unique process in neurobiology that requires functional integration of newly generated neurons, which may disrupt existing hippocampal network connections and consequently loss of established memories. As neurodegenerative diseases characterized by abnormal neurogenesis and memory dysfunctions are increasing, the identification of new anti-aging drugs is required. In adult mice, we found that melatonin, a well-established neurogenic hormone, and the melatonin analog 2-(2-(5-methoxy-1 H -indol-3-yl)ethyl)-5-methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole (IQM316) were able to induce hippocampal neurogenesis, measured by neuronal nuclei (NeuN) and 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling. More importantly, only IQM316 administration was able to induce hippocampal neurogenesis while preserving previously acquired memories, assessed with object recognition tests. In vitro studies with embryonic neural stem cells replicated the finding that both melatonin and IQM316 induce direct differentiation of neural precursors without altering their proliferative activity. Furthermore, IQM316 induces differentiation through a mechanism that is not dependent of melatonergic receptors (MTRs), since the MTR antagonist luzindole could not block the IQM316-induced effects. We also found that IQM316 and melatonin modulate mitochondrial DNA copy number and oxidative phosphorylation proteins, while maintaining mitochondrial function as measured by respiratory assays and enzymatic activity. These results uncover a novel pharmacological agent that may be capable of inducing adult hippocampal neurogenesis at a healthy and sustainable rate that preserves recognition memories.

Introducción: la mordida abierta es una de las maloclusiones motivo de preocupación científica y un problema de salud bucal desde hace más de un siglo. Además de las alteraciones estéticas se observa en estos pacientes trastornos de la masticación, la fonación y la respiración. Objetivo: caracterizar las mordidas abiertas anteriores en niños de 9-14 años de edad que recibieron atención en la Clínica Estomatológica Docente Provincial "Antonio Briones Montoto". Material y método: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal en la Clínica Estomatológica Docente Provincial "Antonio Briones Montoto", Pinar del Río, en el período de mayo de 2011 a abril de 2013. El universo fue de 188 pacientes de 9-14 años de edad que acudieron a consulta de Ortodoncia por presentar maloclusión, en el período del estudio (N=188). La muestra fue seleccionada con niños (as) con mordida abierta anterior (n=60). Los datos se recogieron en bases automatizadas y se utilizó la estadística descriptiva para el análisis de las variables. Resultados: el 65% de las mordidas abiertas se encontraron en el sexo femenino y la raza blanca, disminuyendo la prevalencia a medida que aumenta la edad. Los factores etiológicos más representativos fueron los hábitos bucales deformantes y el patrón morfogenético vertical; predominó la mordida esquelética entre dolicofaciales. Conclusiones: la mordida abierta anterior fue más frecuente en el sexo femenino y el color de piel blanca. Los hábitos bucales y el patrón morfogenético vertical fueron los factores etiológicos asociados. El patrón dolicofacial fue el más afectado por la mordida abierta esquelética.

Los opioides constituyen fármacos que cumplen un papel fundamental en el manejo del dolor, pueden producir efectos adversos, conocerlos permite su prevención y tratamiento. La enfermería actúa en el final del proceso de la terapia medicamentosa, aumentando su responsabilidad en evidenciar e impedir fallos. El objetivo fue determinar el conocimiento y experiencias de estudiantes de enfermería en la administración de opioides en el tratamiento del dolor. Estudio observacional descriptivo, transverso. Se aplicó un cuestionario organizado en: características demográficas, conocimientos sobre opioides y dolor y experiencia en la administración de opioides. La muestra conformaron 202 estudiantes de enfermería, Instituto Dr. Andrés Barbero-Universidad Nacional de Asunción. Se destaca el conocimiento global sobre opioides de 37,6% (76), mientras que 62,4% (126) desconocía el tema. Los aspectos más conocidos: concepto de analgésicos, analgésicos opioides y dolor, clasificación del dolor, acciones de enfermería en presencia del dolor, principal clase farmacológica que se emplea en el tratamiento agudo del dolor, los ítems relacionados a la morfina superaron el 60% de conocimiento. Los porcentajes por debajo del 60% fueron concepto de nociceptores, clasificación de opioides y grupo de opioides. Se constató que 14,87% tuvo experiencia en la administración de opioides, de los cuales 43,3% (13) tenía conocimiento global acerca de los opioides y 56,7% (17) no conocía. Se concluye que solo un poco más de la cuarta parte de los estudiantes conocían de la administración de principales opioides en el tratamiento del dolor, sin embargo, no existe asociación significativa entre los que conocen y administran.

Las drogas impactan y modifican múltiples órganos, especialmente el cerebro, con consecuencias más severas entre los jóvenes. Se determinó la asociación entre el conocimiento y consumo de drogas ilegales en estudiantes. El diseño de estudio fue observacional, descriptivo con un componente analítico. La población estuvo constituida por 222 alumnos de los Bachilleratos Científico y Técnico del primer al tercer curso de un colegio público que fueron seleccionados por un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. Se aplicó un cuestionario impreso con 27 preguntas que abarcaban tres aspectos: datos sociodemográficos, conocimiento y consumo, y que fue autoadministrado en forma anónima. Se concluyó que más de la mitad de los estudiantes tenían conocimientos sobre drogas ilegales y la mayoría no consumió drogas ilegales. En la minoría que si consumió droga, la más frecuente fue la marihuana, con una edad de inicio de 15 años, una periodicidad de consumo de una vez por semana en compañía de amigos/as y en la casa de un amigo/a o familiar. Se determinó asociación significativa entre el conocimiento y el consumo de drogas ilegales. Se sugiere que los programas de educación preventiva se enfoquen en estudiantes de 14 a 15 años y que en ellos se haga énfasis en las drogas según nivel de dependencia y los efectos negativos de la marihuana.

Con este trabajo proponemos un acercamiento a la evolución iconográfica del cantor-mago tracio en el arte europeo de los siglos XVIII y XIX, buscando en las imágenes los ecos del mundo clásico, las perspectivas icónicas novedosas y la relación expresa de los artistas europeos con el tratamiento del mito dado por Rainiero de Calzabigi en el libreto escrito para la música de Chiristopher Willibadl Gluck (estrenada en Viena, en 1762). Inspirándose en la los textos de Virgilio y Ovidio que narran la catábasis del héroe para rescatar a su amada Eurídice, el poeta de Livorno contribuyó notablemente a la popularidad del asunto, convertido en uno de los temas clásicos más recurrentes del período que hemos analizado.

This paper offers an approach to youth language from the perspective of positive and negative evaluations studied in a Spanish Spoken Corpus of Youth Language (COLA, Corpus Oral de Lenguaje Adolescente). By analysing the tendency towards dysphemism among Spanish young people, in relation to phatic function, we reflect on the standardizing of verbal rudeness in general Spanish, paying special attention to its sociolinguistic effects.

Internet ha revolucionado el consumo mediático y a raíz de las potencialidades que ofrece dicho soporte nuevas narrativas interactivas han visto la luz. Es el caso de las denominadas narrativas crossmedia y transmedia. Partiendo de este contexto, se plantea el estudio de caso del proyecto “Las Sinsombrero”. El objetivo planteado es analizar bajo una perspectiva metodológica cualitativa su estructura narrativa multiplataforma y poder con ello determinar la función innovadora que cumplen cada una de las plataformas a través de las cuales se expande la historia . La citada investigación constata la convivencia, dentro del mismo proyecto, de dos tipos de narrativas multiplataforma: crossmedia y transmedia. En este caso es la variable de interacción-participación-contribución de los usuarios la principal diferencia y lo que permite establecer las innovaciones narrativas más significativas entre ambos tipos de narraciones multiplataforma.

Los medios de comunicación están viviendo profundas innovaciones gracias al desarrollo tecnológico y a la inmediatez de Internet, que están modificando las formas de crear, distribuir y consumir la información. Los formatos periodísticos tradicionales conviven en el escenario digital con una serie de nuevos formatos (newsgames, docugames y webdocs) que suponen una nueva forma de narrar y que dan lugar a un tipo de consumidor más participativo (narrativas transmedia). Este trabajo explora las potencialidades que ofrecen los docugames a través del estudio de caso de dos ejemplos actuales y significativos (MonteLab y Réfugiés), a fin de establecer qué innovaciones introducen en cuanto a interactividad y modos de presentar la información periodística.

Several studies have implicated the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) as well as several biometals in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). A multifunctional molecule, the hybrid tacrine-8-hydroxyquinoline (named IQM-622), displays cholinergic, antioxidant, copper-complexing and neuroprotective properties. Using in vitro and in vivo models, we investigated the modulating effects of IQM-622 on amyloid β-protein (Aβ)-induced pathology as well as on chemically induced neurodegeneration by domoic acid. In the first experimental model, we observed a significant decrease in brain Aβ deposits in IQM-622-treated APP/Ps1 mice for four weeks. Moreover, IQM-622 promoted the degradation of intracellular Aβ in astrocytes, and protected against Aβ toxicity in cultured astrocytes and neurons. These findings suggest that the neuroprotective effect of IQM-622 is not only related to AChE inhibition, but also involves other mechanisms, including the modulation of Aβ-degradation pathways in AD brain. In this study we also compare the neuronal loss in CA1 hippocampal field of AD patients and of mice treated with domoic acid, giving similar patterns. Thus, we used a second experimental model by killing hippocampal neurons by domoic acid damage, in which IQM-622 increased survival in the CA1 and dentate gyrus regions of the hippocampus. Our observations suggest that administration of IQM-622 may have significant beneficial effects in neurodegenerative diseases, including AD, which course with acute or progressive neuronal death.

Se presenta el caso clínico de una paciente joven de 21 años de edad, raza blanca, con antecedentes de salud que acude a la consulta de Cirugía Maxilofacial del Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico Docente "León Cuervo Rubio" por presentar deformidad facial en cuya anamnesis figuran antecedentes de prognatismo mandibular en sus parientes paternos (primos), con excesivo crecimiento mandibular (prognatismo mandibular total) asociado a una displasia maxilar superior, mordida cruzada posterior y anterior, sobrepase de 5 mm, resalte negativo de -8,5 mm con una elevada desarmonía de las partes óseas, que afectó la estética facial provocando un perfil cóncavo y un rostro alargado y desproporcionado. El objetivo fundamental del tratamiento fue mejorar las relaciones y proporciones de las bases óseas, restablecer la oclusión dentaria funcional y la estética, así como lograr un perfil recto y armónico. Se optó por una modalidad terapéutica quirúrgica que incluyó un diagnóstico clínico cefalométrico con el posterior tratamiento ortodóncico de aparatología fija (Técnica de Arco Recto) para la corrección de las anomalías de la oclusión y finalmente la corrección quirúrgica de las partes óseas con una técnica de osteotomía vertical de la rama mandibular.A 21 year-old, Caucasian, female patient having health records attended to maxillofacial service at "Leon Cuervo Rubio" General Hospital presenting facial deformation with familial history of mandibular prognathism in paternal relatives (cousins), showing excessive mandibular growing (total mandibular prognathism) associated with a superior maxillary dysplasia, posterior and anterior cross-bite, cross of 5mm, negative projection of -8,5mm with an elevated disharmony of the osseous parts affecting her facial esthetic provoking a concave profile with a large and disproportionate face. The main objective of the treatment was to improve the relations and proportions of the osseous basses, to restore the functional dental occlusion and her esthetic, at the same time to reach a straight and harmonic profile. Therapeutic-surgical approach was the treatment followed; which included clinical-cephalometric diagnosis with a subsequent treatment of fixed orthodontic appliance (Rectum Arch) to the correction of the occlusion anomalies, finally a surgical correction of the osseous parts with a vertical osteotomy of the mandibular branch was performed.

Aims: The grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivar Albariño is currently the most economically important in Galicia (northwestern Spain). Earlier works assessing the natural susceptibility to downy mildew leaf infection (both in the laboratory and in the field), carried out in the collection of Albariño clones at the Misión Biológica de Galicia (CSIC), showed great differences among the clones (Boso et al., 2004b, 2005b, 2006; Boso and Kassemeyer, 2008). The aim of the present work is to highlight the histological differences in leaves, in particular thickness and structure, among the 11 different Albariño clones and to find out their possible relation with their natural susceptibility to Plasmopara viticola. Methods and Results: Transverse sections of adult leaves where prepared and observed under light microscope. The area corresponding to the different leaf layers was measured. The results showed significant differences between the clones regarding the thickness of the spongy mesophyll. The clones CSIC-4 and CSIC-1 had the thickest spongy mesophyll (average mean = 14316.8 μm2) whereas CSIC-3 showed the thinnest one (11548.1 μm2). Conclusion: The CSIC-3 clone, one of the least susceptible clones to P. viticola in previous studies, showed the thinnest and most compact spongy mesophyll. On the contrary, the CSIC-1 clone had the thickest spongy mesophyll and was also one of the most susceptible to this pathogen. Therefore, it could be possible to relate their histological leaf characteristics with their different levels of natural susceptibility to P. viticola. Significance and impact of the study: This work contributes to the understanding of the link between histological characteristics of leaf layers and mesophyll cells and the different natural susceptibility of grapevines to downy mildew. This may become in the future a valid tool to be used during clonal selections in grapevine breeding programs.

The utility of debates for the evaluation of a series of transversal competences related to critical thinking is highlighted. Our main target has been to depict a novel evaluation methodology via discussion through a directed discussion system in a STEM discipline.