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The pneumothorax is defined as the air presence in the pleural space. Pleura is the serous layer that surrounds the lungs. The literature available keeps awake a high recurrences percentage (about 50%). The morbimortality of this disease and the derived costs of the same are considerable. For that reason for decades procedures are investigated that avoid the recurrence of the pneumothorax. Pleurodesis consists on producing a chemical abrasion of the pleura, by means of the intrapleural injection of agents through a thoracic drainage. Splenger in 1906 carried out the first pleurodesis using Silver nitrate. In 1953 Grossman, realised the first pleurodesis using autologous blood, instilling 25 ml of blood.In autologous blood pleurodesis, the used substance it is the own patient´s blood with the objective of getting an adhesion between the parietal pleura and the visceral one, to achieve the complete and stable reexpansion of the lung parenchyma.Objective: Description of the technique and the nursing cares that need the patients to whom autologous blood pleurodesis is realised.Material and Method: Descriptive study on a novel technique that is realised in the adults Intensive Care Unit of the Hospital Torrecárdenas.Discussion and Conclusion: This technique has no contrasted evidences as far as nursing cares. The nurse´s figure is the key professional ones to improve the efficiency of the cares. We do not want to demonstrate to the effectiveness of the technique but the nurse cares that are derived themselves. The previous and maintained analgesia during at least 24 hours improves the tolerance.

El neumotórax se define como la presencia de aire en el espacio pleural. La pleura es la capa serosa que rodea los pulmones. La literatura disponible desvela un alto porcentaje de recurrencias (sobre un 50%). La morbimortalidad de esta enfermedad y los costes derivados de la misma son considerables. Por ello desde hace décadas se investigan procedimientos que eviten la recurrencia de los neumotórax. La pleurodesis consiste en producir una abrasión química de la pleura, mediante la instilación intrapleural de agentes esclerosante a través de un drenaje torácico. Splenger en 1906 realizó la primera pleurodesis utilizando Nitrato de Plata. En 1953 Grossman, realizó la primera pleurodesis con sangre autóloga, instilando 25 ml. de sangre. En la Pleurodesis con sangre autóloga la sustancia utilizada es la propia sangre del paciente con el objetivo de conseguir una adhesión entre la pleura parietal y la visceral, para lograr la reexpansión completa y estable del parénquima pulmonar. Objetivo: Descripción de la técnica y de los cuidados enfermeros que necesitan los pacientes a los que se les realiza Pleurodesis con sangre autóloga. Material y Método: Descripción de una técnica que se realiza en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Complejo Hospitalario Torrecárdenas. Discusión y Conclusión: Es una técnica que no presenta evidencias contrastadas en cuanto a cuidados enfermeros. La figura de la enfermera es el profesional clave para mejorar la eficiencia de los cuidados. No queremos demostrar la eficacia de la técnica sino los cuidados enfermeros que de ella se derivan. La analgesia previa y mantenida durante al menos 24 horas mejora la tolerancia. Abstract: The pneumothorax is defined as the air presence in the pleural space. Pleura is the serous layer that surrounds the lungs. The literature available keeps awake a high recurrences percentage (about 50%). The morbimortality of this disease and the derived costs of the same are considerable. For that reason for decades procedures are investigated that avoid the recurrence of the pneumothorax. Pleurodesis consists on producing a chemical abrasion of the pleura, by means of the intrapleural injection of agents through a thoracic drainage. Splenger in 1906 carried out the first pleurodesis using Silver nitrate. In 1953 Grossman, realised the first pleurodesis using autologous blood, instilling 25 ml of blood. In autologous blood pleurodesis, the used substance it is the own patient´s blood with the objective of getting an adhesion between the parietal pleura and the visceral one, to achieve the complete and stable reexpansion of the lung parenchyma. Objective: Description of the technique and the nursing cares that need the patients to whom autologous blood pleurodesis is realised. Material and Method: Descriptive study on a novel technique that is realised in the adults Intensive Care Unit of the Hospital Torrecárdenas. Discussion and Conclusion: This technique has no contrasted evidences as far as nursing cares. The nurse´s figure is the key professional ones to improve the efficiency of the cares. We do not want to demonstrate to the effectiveness of the technique but the nurse cares that are derived themselves. The previous and maintained analgesia during at least 24 hours improves the tolerance. Centro de Trabajo: (1,3,4,6) Enfermera. Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Adultos; (2,5) Enfermera. Unidad de Anestesia, Reanimación y Terapia del Dolor. Complejo Hospitalario Torrecárdenas (Almería, Andalucía) Fecha del Trabajo: 22/09/2008 Palabra Clave: Neumotorax, Pleurodesis, Sangre Autóloga, Cuidados Enfermeros, Técnica. Key Words: Pneumothorax, Pleurodesis, Autologous blood, Nursing cares, Technique."