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ABSTRACT The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others.

Ceratophrys ornata is an iconic and regionally threatened amphibian of the temperate grasslands from Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay. Conservation assessments suggested that habitat loss is the main threat to the species, although no studies have yet explored the link between grassland replacement and C. ornata decline. Using a robust database with ∼1000 records from herpetological collections, citizen science, and long-term monitoring, we modeled the species' ecological niche to produce a map of suitable areas, where we searched for C. ornata using active and passive techniques. After exhaustive efforts, we failed to obtain recent records from Brazil and Uruguay. We also conducted Generalized Linear Models to explore the relationship between land use/cover, landscape configuration, and current species occurrence. Overall, results showed that C. ornata occurrence is negatively associated with variables related to native grasslands fragmentation and replacement (i.e., Distance to the Nearest Patch, Forest Plantations), suggesting that habitat loss may have driven local extinctions and population declines of the species. Finally, we outline the regional and national conservation needs of C. ornata and recommend focusing on in-situ conservation strategies for the Argentinean populations to ensure the species' viability.

Despite its established neuroprotective effect on dopaminergic neurons and encouraging phase I results, intraputaminal GDNF administration failed to demonstrate significant clinical benefits in Parkinson’s disease patients. Different human GDNF doses were delivered in the striatum of rats with a progressive 6-hydroxydopamine lesion using a sensitive doxycycline-regulated AAV vector. GDNF treatment was applied either continuously or intermittently (2 weeks on/2 weeks off) during 17 weeks. Stable reduction of motor impairments as well as increased number of dopaminergic neurons and striatal innervation were obtained with a GDNF dose equivalent to 3- and 10-fold the rat endogenous level. In contrast, a 20-fold increased GDNF level only temporarily provided motor benefits and neurons were not spared. Strikingly, oxidized DNA in the substantia nigra increased by 50% with 20-fold, but not 3-fold GDNF treatment. In addition, only low-dose GDNF allowed to preserve dopaminergic neuron cell size. Finally, aberrant dopaminergic fiber sprouting was observed with 20-fold GDNF but not at lower doses. Intermittent 20-fold GDNF treatment allowed to avoid toxicity and spare dopaminergic neurons but did not restore their cell size. Our data suggest that maintaining GDNF concentration under a threshold generating oxidative stress is a pre-requisite to obtain significant symptomatic relief and neuroprotection.

La perforación vesicular aislada posterior a un traumatismo penetrante de abdomen es un evento infrecuente debido a la situación anatómica de la misma. Los signos y síntomas de un coleperitoneo pueden no ser evidentes en las primeras horas a días del evento. Este es el caso de un paciente de 26 años que, tras traumatismo abdominal por arma blanca por agresión de terceros, presenta perforación aislada de la vesícula biliar.

Crianças com o Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) podem manifestar dificuldades consideráveis na aquisição da linguagem tanto na modalidade oral, quanto na modalidade escrita. O presente estudo busca entender a complexidade das manifestações anômalas do TEA. Embora a etiologia seja complexa e haja muitas contradições sobre o que realmente é autismo, a manifestação e o diagnóstico clínico se dão por meio de características como a dificuldade para interagir socialmente, a demora na aquisição da linguagem e a dificuldade no domínio da linguagem: ecolalia, comportamento coibitivo e repetitivo. Nesse sentido, compreendendo os processos de alfabetização e letramento como fundamentais na formação do cidadão, investigamos as principais características do TEA, bem como os métodos mais eficazes para alfabetizar e letrar uma criança com este transtorno.

Esta investigação tem como objetivo analisar as relações entre as capacidades de marketing estáticas (CME), capacidades de marketing dinâmicas (CMD) e desempenho internacional de pequenas e médias empresas (PMEs), bem como a conexão entre CME e CMD. Também analisamos o papel da orientação para o mercado (OM) como um antecedente das capacidades de marketing. Foi desenvolvido um estudo quantitativo, utilizando-se um inquérito como método de pesquisa. Foram coletadas 335 respostas válidas das PMEs portuguesas internacionalizadas por meios do modelo B2B. Para testar as hipóteses propostas, utilizou-se o modelo de equações estruturais. Os resultados mostram uma relação direta e positiva entre o CME e o desempenho internacional. A CMD foi positivamente ligada à CME, exercendo, assim, sua influência indireta no desempenho internacional. Além disso, observou-se uma relação positiva entre a OM e ambas as capacidades de marketing, revelando sua natureza antecedente sobre as capacidades analisadas. Este estudo contribui para a área da pesquisa relacionada às capacidades de marketing na medida em que as inter-relações entre diferentes tipos de capacidades de marketing nunca foram estudadas antes. Além disso, chama a atenção dos gestores para a importância de desenvolver recursos básicos de marketing mix, uma vez que aparecem como elemento com influência direta no desempenho internacional.

Abstract Elevation creates a variety of physical conditions in a relatively short distance, which makes mountains suitable for studying the effects of climate change on biodiversity. We investigated the importance of climate and vegetation for the distribution of butterflies from 800 to 1400 m elevation. We sampled butterflies, and woody and rosette plants and measured air temperature and humidity, wind speed and gust, and solar radiation. We partitioned diversity to assess the processes underlying community shifts across altitudes – species loss versus replacement. We assessed the strength of the association among butterfly, vegetation, and climate. Butterfly richness and abundance decreased with altitude, and species composition changed along the elevation. Changes in butterfly composition with altitude were mainly through species replacement and by abundance increases in some species being compensated by decreases in others. Since the floristic diversity decreased with altitude due to soil conditions, and butterflies are closely related to their host plants, this could explain species replacement with altitude. Overall, we found a stronger association of butterfly community with vegetation than climate, but plant community and climate were also strongly associated between them. Butterfly richness was more strongly associated with plant richness than with temperature, while the reverse was true for butterfly abundance, which was more strongly associated with temperature than with plant richness. We must consider the complementary roles of resource and conditions in species distribution.

Abstract The light-attracted silk moths (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) of the Boraceia Biological Station in the municipality of Salesópolis, state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil have been sampled over more than seven decades (1942-2013). A total of 6,288 individuals (including a gynandromorph) belonging to five subfamilies, 46 genera and 133 species were identified. Hemileucinae was the most abundant and speciesrich subfamily, followed by Ceratocampinae, Arsenurinae, Saturniinae, and Oxyteninae. Hylesia Hübner, Automeris Hübner, and Dirphiopsis Bouvier (Hemileucinae) were the dominant genera in abundance and species richness. Only Automeris illustris (Walker), Gamelia remissoides Lemaire, and Hidripa paranensis (Bouvier) (Hemileucinae) were recorded in all months of sampling. Hylesia metapyrrha (Walker) was the most abundant saturniid species recorded at the station, with 375 specimens, followed by Hylesia oratex Dyar with 265 specimens, Dirphia muscosa Schaus with 261 specimens (all Hemileucinae); Copaxa canella Walker (Saturniinae) with 232 specimens, and Lonomia cf. obliqua Walker (Hemileucinae) with 106 specimens. Fifteen additional species were each represented by more than 100 specimens. The importance of the Boraceia Biological Station to the maintenance of the saturniid moth diversity in the Atlantic Forest is discussed.

Vom Rath's organ, located at the distal end of the third segment of the labial palp, is one of the recognized synapomorphies of Lepidoptera (Insecta). Information about the structural and histological morphology of this organ is sparse. The structure of vom Rath's organ in four species of Nymphalidae, three frugivorous: Fountainea ryphea (Charaxinae: Anaeini), Morpho helenor achillaena (Satyrinae: Morphini) and Hamadryas epinome (Biblidinae: Ageroniini), and the nectarivorous species Aeria olena (Danainae: Ithomiini) is described by means of scanning electron microscopy and histology. The species showed significant differences in the cavity shape, setal morphology and arrangement, opening shape and location, associated with the organization of cell groups, type of axon, and degree of development. These differences do not seem to be related to feeding habit. No cell groups were found in Actinote thalia (Heliconiinae: Acraeini) and Heliconius erato phyllis (Heliconiinae: Heliconiini), and for the first time the absence of vom Rath's organ is documented in the clade Ditrysia. A terminology is proposed to improve understanding of the organ morphology, with an extensive analysis of the previous descriptions.

O presente estudo tem como objetivo mostrar que a análise e solução de problemas utilizando as Ferramentas da Qualidade em um setor de usinagem em uma empresa do ramo metalúrgico lotada no Pólo Industrial de Manaus, é eficaz, de forma a manter ou melhorar a qualidade dos produtos entregues, e, por conseguinte, manter ou aumentar o nível de satisfação de seus clientes. O esclarecimento e a redução das reais causas dos problemas são uma atenção permanente e um importante mecanismo de manutenção do foco no cliente, garantido através do uso das Ferramentas da Qualidade. Nesse estudo de caso, as ferramentas são utilizadas para investigação das causas raízes em todas as etapas de domínio da organização e o tratamento das não-conformidades através de ação corretiva e ação preventiva, indicando claramente a importância e a eficácia dos resultados através do seu uso sistematizado.

Some native plants can survive the disturbances associated with agricultural activities, sometimes being considered weeds and objects of control practices. However, these plants can be very important to support populations of native insects in disturbed habitats. Alternanthera halimifolia (Lam.) Standl. (Amaranthaceae) is locally considered a weed, and here it is reported as the first host plant known for the Neotropical hairstreak Strymon davara (Hewitson, 1868) based on research performed in the coastal valleys of the Atacama Desert of northern Chile. Furthermore, field observations suggest that this is the only host of S. davara in this area. This case provides an example of the importance of a weed in the conservation of local populations of a butterfly in a highly human-modified environment. Keywords: Alternanthera halimifolia, Amaranthaceae, Eumaeini, Florivory, Theclinae

Two experiments were performed. The first aimed to assess the tolerance of fingerlings Astyanax altiparanae to water salinity. Fish were exposed to salinity of 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 or 15 g NaCl L-1 for 96 hours. The fish mortality was 0%, in the levels of 0, 3 and 6 g L-1; 75% in the level of 9 g L-1and 100% at 12 and 15 g L-1 of common salt. The second experiment aimed to assess the parameters of water quality, mortality and blood glucose during transport. For this, A. altiparanae were stored in plastic bags at 22, 30 and 37 g of fish L-1 stocking densities and salinity of 0, 3, 6 and 9 g L-1, for. Fish showed similar mortality levels in the different salinities and stocking densities. The increase in fish density reduced the dissolved oxygen levels and salinity decreased the pH. The blood glucose levels were higher in those fish with 0 g L-1 salinity and higher stocking densities. The addition of salt to the water reduces the stress responses of A. altiparanae during transport.

O objetivo foi analisar a fauna de grilídeos, sua relação com diferentes composições vegetais, o nível de serapilheira e os efeitos da sazonalidade. Foram realizadas quatro coletas, nas quatro estações do ano, entre abril de 2008 e março de 2009. Foram coletados 503 grilídeos com armadilhas de solo, em oito pontos de coleta. Os insetos coletados foram identificados os seguintes gêneros Anurogryllus, Anurogryllus, Argizala, Hygronemobius, Nemobius, Odontogryllus e Pteronemobius. Os grilídeos não possuem afinidade com solos descampados, diminuindo consideravelmente no local mais impactado. O nível de serapilheira não interferiu na abundância e as mudanças sazonais mostraram importância na variação populacional, entretanto, a diversidade e dominância mostraram-se fiéis às alterações ambientais mesmo em menores valores de abundância. Esses resultados mostram que os grilídeos podem ser indicadores ambientais, pois respondem às modificações do meio. Composition and Diversity of the Crickets Fauna (Orthoptera: Grylloidea) in a Fragment of Atlantic Rain Forest in the Rio de Janeiro State Abstract. This study aimed to analyze the fauna of cricket, its relation with different plant compositions, litter level and seasonality effects. Four collections were performed, in four season of the year, between April 2008 and March 2009. It was collected 503 crickets using soil traps, in eight sampling points. The insects collected were identified as the genera Anurogryllus, Argizala, Hygronemobius, Nemobius, Odontogryllus e Pteronemobius. The crickets have no affinity with uncovered soil, decreasing significantly in more impacted places. The litter level did not affect the abundance and the seasonal changes shown importance in the population variation, however, diversity and dominance showed fidelity to environmental changes even in lower abundance. These results show that crickets may be environmental indicators due to the answers the changes in environment.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the protein requirement of juvenile Trichogaster lalius, blue variety. The experimental design was of randomised blocks (B1 = initial weight of 1.04±0.05 g and B2 = 1.36±0.02 g), with two replicates within each block and five treatments (230, 270, 310, 350 and 390 g CP/kg diet). The fish were fed to satiation, three times a day for 90 days. The study evaluated: survival rate, weight gain, final length, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, specific growth rate and condition factor. There was a linear effect of dietary protein levels for protein efficiency ratio, specific growth rate (positive linear effect) and feed conversion ratio (negative linear effect). For weight gain, final length, feed intake and condition factor a quadratic effect of dietary protein levels was observed, with estimated values of 409.8, 366.2, 317.4 and 365.0 g CP/kg diet, to improve their performance parameters. Analysis of growth based on the length of the fish shows that 366.2 g of CP/kg diet meets the protein requirement of juvenile Trichogaster lalius, blue variety.

Candida sp. é o agente fúngico mais frequentemente isolado e associado a altas taxas de morbimortalidade em pacientes hospitalizados. Apesar de bem estabelecida, a epi-demiologia dessas infecções tem apresentado grande variação em relação à região e ao período estudado. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a incidência e a distribuição de espécies de Candida em quatro cidades da região metropolitana do estado do Rio de Janeiro, no período de 2013 a 2014. Um total de 100 cepas foi recuperado de diferentes estabelecimentos de saúde das áreas investigadas. Para a identificação dos isolados, foram utilizadas provas fenotípicas (macromorfologia em CHROMagar, produção de tubo germinativo e clamidósporos) e espectrometria de massas (MALDI-TOF/MS). Dos isolados encontrados, 68,0% pertenciam ao grupo de Candida não-albicans e 32,0% pertenciam à espécie Candida albicans. Em relação aos espécimes clínicos, 44,0% das cepas estudadas foram isoladas de amostras de urina, sendo seguidas de hemocultura (13,0%). Neste estudo, o setor hospitalar com a maior taxa de recuperação fúngica foi o Centro de Tratamento Intensivo, com 40,0% dos isolamentos. Dentre as quatro regiões avaliadas, o município de Niterói foi o que apresentou o maior percentual de recuperação (52,0%). A comparação entre as quatro metodologias de identificação utilizadas demonstrou a efetividade e a prevalência da técnica de MALDI-TOF/MS para o diagnóstico de isolados clínicos de Candida. A correta identificação dos agentes etiológicos tem impacto direto na epidemiologia das infecções fúngicas e, consequentemente, no manejo, controle e tratamento de pacientes hospitalizados.

The study evaluated the replacement of bovine heart by gelatin in the feed training of carnivorous fish, using giant trahira (Hoplias lacerdae) as an experimental model. A completely randomized design with four treatments and five repetitions was employed. The treatments were composed of wet ingredients beef heart (control), gelatin diluted in water, gelatin diluted in beef heart broth, and gelatin diluted in water mixed with fish meal. The fish (3.22±0.03 cm and 0.57±0.01 g) were conditioned to accept industrialized diets by the technique of gradual feed ingredients transition in the diet. Gains in weight and length, efficiency of feed training, specific growth rate, cannibalism, mortality and survival rates were evaluated. There was significant difference in weight and length gains and specific growth rate, whereby the use of bovine heart gave the best results. Greater efficiency of feed training was observed for fish fed diets containing beef heart and gelatin diluted in water mixed with fish meal. The high survival rates and the absence of significant differences among treatments for rates of cannibalism, mortality and survival indicate the feasibility of using gelatin as a moist ingredient in the feed training of carnivorous fish.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different water salinities on juvenile Hoplias lacerdae during feed training. Salinity levels of 0, 3, 6 and 9 g salt L-1 were used. Juveniles (3.33±0.1 cm and 0.6±0.09 g) were stocked at a density of six fish L-1 in aquaria (10 L volume) with supplementary aeration. Weight gain, length gain, and rates of survival, mortality, and cannibalism were evaluated after 20 days. Total mortality was observed in 0 g of salt L-1. The best survival rates of 98.7 and 97.5% were recorded in 3 and 6 g of salt L-1, respectively. The greatest weight gain was recorded in fish grown in 3 g of salt L-1 followed by fish grown in 6 g of salt L-1. Length gain was similar in the 3 and 6 g salt L-1 groups. No weight or length gain was recorded in 9 g of salt L-1. According to regression equations, the optimum water salinity was 5.15, 4.03 and 4.55 g of salt L-1 for survival rate, weight, and length gain, respectively. Salinity between 4.03 and 5.15 g of salt L-1 during feed training of juvenile giant trahira improves productive performance.

N/A.

Egg and pupa of Lobeza dentilinea Schaus, 1901 are described and illustrated for the first time. Eggs are smooth, dome-shaped, and greenish at oviposition. Last instar larvae have an aposematic coloration and the chaetotaxy is very similar to other notodontines, except for the number of lateral setae: L. dentilinea has three instead of four lateral setae on abdominal segments A3-A6. Pupae are light brown and typical of the family, with the last abdominal segments broadly round. Evidence from the adult morphology supporting the placement of the genus in Notodontinae includes proboscis smaller than the length of the head, epiphysis with more than half the length of tibia, tarsal claws simple, and labial palpi short. Male and female are confidently associated, and a redescription of the species is presented based on both sexes. Larvae of L. dentilinea are here recorded feeding on a Melastomataceae.

Butterflies (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea) of the "Baixada Santista" region, coastal São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. A list with 538 species of butterflies recorded in the Baixada Santista, São Paulo ( SE Brazil) is presented. Standard sampling protocols (i.e. with entomological nets) were followed. Baited traps were installed for fruit feeding species. Data from the literature and entomological collections were also considered in the total estimated species richness. The species richness recorded in the Baixada Santista region represents about 16% of the Brazilian butterfly fauna, and 34% of the known butterfly fauna for the state of São Paulo. The present list contains an appreciably higher number of species in comparison to other lists from similar biomes farther south, such as Blumenau in Santa Catarina, and Maquiné in Rio Grande do Sul.

The goal of the present study was to compare traditional (ST) and pyramid (SP) strength training systems during eight weeks on the maximum muscular strength performance. Eighteen experienced in strength training men were divided into two groups of nine volunteers. Four times a week, the ST group trained in three sets of eight repetitions (75% of 1RM) and the SP group in three sets of 10, eight and six repetitions (70%, 75% and 80% of 1RM, respectively). All subjects were submitted to an anthropometric evaluation, followed by 1RM test in the bench press and squat exercises, which were repeated after eight weeks of training. The difference between the attained 1RM for each system was studied using Mann-Whitney test and the Wilcoxon paired test was applied to compare pre- and post-training. No significant differences were recorded between ST and SP bench press (125 ± 19 kg and 120 ± 17.0 kg) and squat (124 ± 18 kg and 120 ± 17 kg). Furthermore, no significant differences were found between the pre- and post-training periods. According to the present results, both training systems produced similar effects on the maximum muscular strength performance.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility, safety and accuracy of pedicle screw placement in the upper thoracic spine using the free-hand technique with the aid of fluoroscopy; to analyze the methods used to verify correct screw positioning intra and postoperatively. METHOD: All patients with instability of the cervicothoracic or upper thoracic spine and at least one screw placed in the segment T1-T6 as part of a posterior construct entered the study. Only C-arm intraoperative fluoroscopy was used to guide screw placement. RESULTS: We obtained excellent positioning in 98.07% of the screws. CT scans precisely demonstrated pedicle wall and anterolateral body violations. There was no hardware failure, no neurological or vascular injury and no loss of alignment during the follow-up period. CONCLUSION: Pedicle screws can be safely placed in the upper thoracic spine when strict technical principles are followed. Only a CT scan can precisely demonstrate vertebral body and medial pedicle cortical violations.OBJETIVO: Avaliar a factibilidade, segurança e eficácia da colocação de parafusos pediculares na coluna torácia alta utilizando apenas a fluoroscopia; analisar os métodos intra e pós-operatórios de verficação do posicionamento de parafusos. MÉTODO: Todos os pacientes com instabilidade da coluna cervico-torácica ou torácica alta e pelo menos um parafuso colocado no segmento T1-T6 foram incluídos no estudo. Apenas fluoroscopia intra-operatória foi utilizada para guiar a colocação dos parafusos. RESULTADOS: Obtivemos excelente posicionamento em 98,07% dos parafusos. TC axial mostrou precisamente violações pediculares e da parede anterolateral do corpo vertebral. Não houve falência do instrumental, lesões neurológicas ou vasculares, ou perda do alinhamento sagital no período de seguimento. CONCLUSÃO: Os parafusos pediculares podem ser colocados com segurança na coluna torácica alta desde que técnicas operatórias precisas sejam executadas. Somente a TC pode demonstrar precisamente violações do corpo vertebral e da parede pedicular.

Description and phylogenetic analysis of the Calycopidina (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Theclinae, Eumaeini): a subtribe of detritivores. The purpose of this paper is to establish a phylogenetic basis for a new Eumaeini subtribe that includes those lycaenid genera in which detritivory has been recorded. Morphological characters were coded for 82 species of the previously proposed "Lamprospilus Section" of the Eumaeini (19 of these had coding identical to another species), and a phylogenetic analysis was performed using the 63 distinct ingroup terminal taxa and six outgroups belonging to four genera. Taxonomic results include the description in the Eumaeini of Calycopidina Duarte & Robbins new subtribe (type genus Calycopis Scudder, 1876), which contains Lamprospilus Geyer, Badecla Duarte & Robbins new genus (type species Thecla badaca Hewitson), Arzecla Duarte & Robbins new genus (type species Thecla arza Hewitson), Arumecla Robbins & Duarte, Camissecla Robbins & Duarte, Electrostrymon Clench, Rubroserrata K. Johnson & Kroenlein revalidated status, Ziegleria K. Johnson, Kisutam K. Johnson & Kroenlein revalidated status, and Calycopis. Previous "infratribe" names Angulopina K. Johnson & Kroenlein, 1993, and Calycopina K. Johnson & Kroenlein, 1993, are nomenclaturally unavailable and polyphyletic as proposed. New combinations include Badecla badaca (Hewitson), Badecla picentia (Hewitson), Badecla quadramacula (Austin & K. Johnson), Badecla lanckena (Schaus), Badecla argentinensis (K. Johnson & Kroenlein), Badecla clarissa (Draudt), Arzecla arza (Hewitson), Arzecla tarpa (Godman & Salvin), Arzecla canacha (Hewitson), Arzecla calatia (Hewitson), Arzecla tucumanensis (K. Johnson & Kroenlein), Arzecla sethon (Godman & Salvin), Arzecla nubilum (H. H. Druce), Arzecla paralus (Godman & Salvin), Arzecla taminella (Schaus), Arzecla albolineata (Lathy), Electrostrymon denarius (Butler & H.Druce), Electrostrymon guzanta (Schaus), Electrostrymon perisus (H. H. Druce), Rubroserrata mathewi (Hewitson), Rubroserrata ecbatana (Hewitson), Kisutam micandriana (K. Johnson), and Kisutam syllis (Godman & Salvin). The structure of the male genitalia lateral window, labides, and brush organs are described and discussed, as are the female genitalia signa of the corpus bursae and 8th abdominal tergum. Widespread wing pattern sexual dimorphism in the Calycopidina is noted and illustrated, and the presence of alternating dark and light bands on the ventral wings of both sexes is discussed. The evidence for detritivory in Lamprospilus, Badecla, Arzecla, Arumecla, Camissecla, Electrostrymon, Ziegleria, Kisutam, and Calycopis is summarized using the new classification.O objetivo desse trabalho é estabelecer a base filogenética para uma nova subtribo de Eumaeini incluindo os gêneros com registros de detritivoria. Foram codificados caracteres morfológicos para as 82 espécies previamente arroladas na Seção Lamprospilus de Eumaeini (19 delas tiveram codificação idêntica a outras espécies); posteriormente foi conduzida uma análise filogenética incluindo 63 táxons terminais do grupo interno e seis grupos-externos pertencentes a quatro gêneros. Como resultados taxonômicos incluem-se a descrição de Calycopidina Duarte & Robbins subtribo nova (gênero-tipo Calycopis Scudder, 1876) e o reconhecimento de Lamprospilus Geyer, Badecla Duarte & Robbins gênero novo (espécie-tipo Thecla badaca Hewitson), Arzecla Duarte & Robbins gênero novo (espécie-tipo Thecla arza Hewitson), Arumecla Robbins & Duarte, Camissecla Robbins & Duarte, Elecrostrymon Clench, Rubroserrata K. Johnson & Kroenlein revalidado, Ziegleria K. Johnson, Kisutam K. Johnson & Kroenlein revalidado e Calycopis. Nomenclaturalmente, Angulopina K. Johnson & Kroenlein, 1993 e Calycopina K. Johnson & Kroenlein, 1993 são consideradas inválidas e polifiléticas tal como foram propostas. Novas combinações incluem Badecla badaca (Hewitson), Badecla picentia (Hewitson), Badecla quadramacula (Austin & K. Johnson), Badecla lanckena (Schaus), Badecla argentinensis (K. Johnson & Kroenlein), Badecla clarissa (Draudt), Arzecla arza (Hewitson), Arzecla tarpa (Godman & Salvin), Arzecla canacha (Hewitson), Arzecla calatia (Hewitson), Arzecla tucumanensis (K. Johnson & Kroenlein), Arzecla sethon (Godman & Salvin), Arzecla nubilum (H. H. Druce), Arzecla paralus (Godman & Salvin), Arzecla taminella (Schaus), Arzecla albolineata (Lathy), Electrostrymon denarius (Butler & H. Druce), Electrostrymon guzanta (Schaus), Electrostrymon perisus (H. H. Druce), Rubroserrata mathewi (Hewitson), Rubroserrata ecbatana (Hewitson), Kisutam micandriana (K. Johnson) e Kisutam syllis (Godman & Salvin). Descreve-se e discute-se a fenda lateral, a porção caudal do tegume e os órgãos-escova da genitália masculina, assim como os signos da bolsa copuladora e o oitavo tergito abdominal das fêmeas. Ressalta-se e ilustra-se o dimorfismo sexual no padrão de coloração das asas amplamente distribuído em Calycopidina, como também se discute a presença de bandas escuras e claras alternadas na face ventral das asas de ambos os sexos. A evidência de detritivoria em Lamprospilus, Badecla, Arzecla, Arumecla, Camissecla, Electrostrymon, Ziegleria, Kisutam e Calycopis é resumidamente discutida com base na nova classificação.

É apresentado um estudo morfológico detalhado da cabeça, do tórax e do abdome de três espécies próximas de castníideos neotropicais. O posicionamento taxonômico dessas espécies é ainda bastante controverso. Antes do desenvolvimento do presente estudo, duas dessas espécies pertenciam ao gênero Telchin Hübner, 1825 e uma ao gênero monotípico Castniomera Houlbert, 1918 (espécie-tipo: Castnia atymnius Dalman, 1824). A hipótese de alguns autores de incluir as três espécies do complexo T. licus em um único gênero é aqui sustentada com base em evidências morfológicas de cabeça, tórax e abdome. Castniomera Houlbert torna-se sinônimo de Telchin Hübner compreendendo as seguintes espécies: Telchin licus (Drury, 1773), Telchin syphax (Fabricius, 1775) e Telchin atymnius (Dalman) combinação nova. As três espécies do complexo T. licus são ilustradas com desenhos e fotografias coloridas.A detailed morphological study of head, thorax, and abdomen is provided for three closely related species of Neotropical sun-moths. The taxonomic position of these species is controversial. Prior to the present study two of these species belonged to the genus Telchin Hübner, 1825, and one to the monotypic genus Castniomera Houlbert, 1918 (type species: Castnia atymnius Dalman, 1824). The hypothesis of some authors of placing the three species in a single genus is here supported on morphological evidences from head, thorax, and abdomen. Castniomera Houlbert is treated as synonym of Telchin Hübner comprising the following species: Telchin licus (Drury, 1773), Telchin syphax (Fabricius, 1775), and Telchin atymnius (Dalman) new combination. The three species of the T. licus complex are illustrated with line drawings and color photographs.

The light-attracted hawkmoths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) of the Estação Biológica de Boracéia, municipality of Salesópolis, state of São Paulo, Brazil were sampled during a period of 64 years (1940-2004). A total of 2,064 individuals belonging to 3 subfamilies, 6 tribes, 23 genera and 75 species were identified. Macroglossinae was the most abundant and richest subfamily in the study area, being followed by Sphinginae and Smerinthinae. About 66 % of the sampled individuals were assorted to the macroglossine tribes Dilophonotini and Macroglossini. Dilophonotini (Macroglossinae) was the richest tribe with 26 species, followed by Sphingini (Sphinginae) with 18 species, Macroglossini (Macroglossinae) with 16 species, Ambulycini (Smerinthinae) and Philampelini (Macroglossinae) with seven species each one, and Acherontiini (Sphinginae) with only one species. Manduca Hübner (Sphinginae) and Xylophanes Hübner (Macroglossinae) were the dominant genera in number of species. Only Xylophanes thyelia thyelia (Linnaeus) and Adhemarius eurysthenes (R. Felder) were recorded year round.

O presente trabalho visa fornecer subsídios para estudos morfológicos comparativos de Lycaenidae neotropicais. Hemiargus hanno (Stoll, 1790) é a primeira espécie neotropical de Polyommatinae a ter sua morfologia detalhada na literatura. Essa borboleta pode ser encontrada em ambientes abertos com vegetação rasteira, desde o sul do Texas até a Argentina. A morfologia da região cervical, do tórax e do abdome de H. hanno foi estudada com auxílio da microscopia óptica e de varredura.This paper is intended to allow further comparative contributions regarding the Neotropical lycaenid butterflies. Hemiargus hanno (Stoll, 1790) is chosen as first Neotropical polyommatine to be described in detail. This butterfly is a common species in many open weedy areas, pastures, and fields, widely distributed from southern Texas and Central America to Argentina. Line drawings and SEM photographs are provided.

OBJECTIVE: The purposes of this study were to describe the early signs and symptoms of osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma, identify symptoms that could be used to help differentiate the two types of tumors, and determine the time elapsed between the onset of signs and symptoms and the definitive diagnosis in our service, providing information and imputus for earlier diagnosis of these tumors. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the medical dossiers of 365 patients under 30 years of age diagnosed with osteosarcoma or Ewing's sarcoma was performed, and the aspects of the clinical diagnosis were statistically analyzed and compared. RESULTS: The time between the onset of signs and the symptoms was 5.25 months for osteosarcoma and 8.1 months for Ewing's sarcoma, and the most frequent (89.5%) early symptom of osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma was local pain. Symptoms that might aid diagnosis included early local volume increase and the presence of fever. CONCLUSION: The time until diagnosis of both neoplasias was higher than that reported for North America and Europe. Education of the lay public and medical professionals regarding suspicious early signs and symptoms might shorten the delay of diagnosis.FINALIDADE: Eeste estudo propõ-se a esclarecer as características do osteossarcoma e do sarcoma de Ewing, bem como definir o intervalo de tempo decorrido, no Brasil, entre o início dos sinais e dos sintomas e o diagnóstico definitivo, fornecendo subsídios para um diagnóstico precoce desses tumores. MÉTODO: Alguns aspectos dos diagnósticos clínicos do prontuário de 365 pacientes com menos de 30 anos de idade, portadores de osteossarcoma ou sarcoma de Ewing foram analisados de forma retrospectiva e comparativa, seguindo-se uma análise estatística. RESULTADOS: O tempo entre o início de sinais e sintomas e o diagnóstico foi de 5,25 meses no osteossarcoma e 8,1 meses no sarcoma de Ewing; o sintoma mais freqüente (89,5) nas duas neoplasias foi a dor localizada. CONCLUSÃO: O tempo para o diagnóstico de ambas as neoplasias é maior do que o observado em estatísticas norte-americanas e européias.

Spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage accounts for 5 to 10 % of all strokes, with a worldwide incidence of 10.5 / 100000 person/year, varying in individual reports from 1.1 to 96 /100000 person/year. Angiographic and autopsy studies suggest that between 0.5% and 5% of the population have intracranial aneurysms. Approximately 30000 people suffer aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in the United States each year, and 60% die or are left permanently disabled. We report our experience in the surgical treatment of intracranial aneurysms in a six year period, in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. We reviewed the hospital files, surgical and out-patient notes of all patients operated on for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms from January 1997 to January 2003. Four hundred and seventy-seven patients were submitted to 525 craniotomies for treatment of 630 intracranial aneurysms. The majority of patients were female (72.1%) in the fourth or fifth decade of life. Anterior circulation aneurysms were more common (94.4%). The most common location for the aneurysm was the middle cerebral artery bifurcation. The patients were followed by a period from 1 month to 5 years. The outcome was measured by the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). At discharge, 62.1% of the patients were classified as GOS 5, 13.9% as GOS 4, 8.7% as GOS 3, 1.7% as GOS 2 and 14.8% as GOS 1.A hemorragia subaracnóidea espontânea é responsável por cerca de 5 a 10% de todos os acidentes vasculares cerebrais, com uma incidência mundial de 10,5 / 100000 pessoas/ano, variando em estudos individuais de 1,1 a 96 / 100000 pessoas / ano, de acordo com diferenças étnicas e geográficas. Estudos angiográficos e de necropsia sugerem que a presença de aneurismas intracranianos ocorre em 0,5-5% da população mundial. De acordo com estatísticas norte-americanas, ocorrem cerca de 30000 rupturas de aneurisma cerebral por ano naquele país, com conseqüências desastrosas para grande parte dos pacientes: cerca de 60% morrem ou permanecem com seqüelas neurológicas graves. Relatamos a experiência do nosso serviço num período de seis anos no tratamento dos aneurismas intracranianos em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Foram revistos os prontuários e descrições de cirurgia de todos os pacientes operados para tratamento de aneurismas intracranianos no período de janeiro de 1997 a janeiro de 2003. Quatrocentos e setenta e sete pacientes foram submetidos a 525 procedimentos cirúrgicos para tratamento de 630 aneurismas. A maior parte dos pacientes era do sexo feminino, na quarta e quinta décadas de vida. Aneurismas de circulação anterior foram mais freqüentes, e a localização mais comum foi a artéria cerebral média. O período de seguimento dos pacientes variou de um mês a 5 anos. A avaliação do resultado foi feita de acordo com a "Glasgow Outcome Scale" (GOS) por ocasião da alta hospitalar, com 296 pacientes em GOS 5 (62,1%), 66 (13,9%) em GOS 4, 49 (8,7%) em GOS 3, 8 (1,7%) em GOS 2 e 70 (14,8%) em GOS 1.

OBJETIVO: Meningiomas intraventriculares são lesões raras, mais ainda as que acometem o terceiro ventrículo. Na infância, somente 16 casos foram relatados na literatura. Acrescentamos este relato de meningioma da parte anterior do terceiro ventrículo em uma menina, juntamente com breve revisão da literatura. APRESENTAÇÃO E INTERVENÇÃO: Criança previamente hígida, de 5 anos, foi internada com história de vômitos e cefaléa de 2 meses de duração. Ao exame clínico e neurológico, foi notado somente papiledema. Foi realizada tomografia computadorizada de crânio, que mostrou volumosa lesão na linha média supratentorial, ocupando toda a região do terceiro ventrículo, captante, com dilatação ventricular suprajacente. A paciente foi submetida a craniotomia frontal direita, e a lesão totalmente removida através da via transcalosa interfornical. O pós-operatório foi sem intercorrências, e não foi necessária derivação ventricular permanente. Hoje, dois anos e meio após a alta, a criança está em acompanhamento ambulatorial, sem déficits neurológicos, com bom desempenho escolar e sem evidência de recidiva nas tomografias de controle. CONCLUSÃO: Meningiomas da parte anterior do terceiro ventrículo são lesões raras na infância. O tratamento cirúrgico dos meningiomas intraventriculares no passado era associado a altas taxas de morbidade e mortalidade. Com o advento das modernas técnicas neuroanestésicas e neurocirúgicas, e do suporte intensivo pós-operatório, atualmente estas lesões podem ser removidas na sua totalidade, com morbidade e mortalidade praticamente nulas.

Knowledge on biodiversity is fundamental for conservation strategies. The Brazilian Pampa region, located in subtropical southern Brazil, is neglected in terms of conservation, and knowledge of its biodiversity is fragmented. We aim to answer the question: how many, and which, species occur in the Brazilian Pampa? In a collaborative effort, we built species lists for plants, animals, bacteria, and fungi that occur in the Brazilian Pampa. We included information on distribution patterns, main habitat types, and conservation status. Our study resulted in referenced lists totaling 12,503 species (12,854 taxa, when considering infraspecific taxonomic categories [or units]). Vascular plants amount to 3,642 species (including 165 Pteridophytes), while algae have 2,046 species (2,378 taxa) and bryophytes 316 species (318 taxa). Fungi (incl. lichenized fungi) contains 1,141 species (1,144 taxa). Animals total 5,358 species (5,372 taxa). Among the latter, vertebrates comprise 1,136 species, while invertebrates are represented by 4,222 species. Our data indicate that, according to current knowledge, the Pampa holds approximately 9% of the Brazilian biodiversity in an area of little more than 2% of Brazil’s total land. The proportion of species restricted to the Brazilian Pampa is low (with few groups as exceptions), as it is part of a larger grassland ecoregion and in a transitional climatic setting. Our study yielded considerably higher species numbers than previously known for many species groups; for some, it provides the first published compilation. Further efforts are needed to increase knowledge in the Pampa and other regions of Brazil. Considering the strategic importance of biodiversity and its conservation, appropriate government policies are needed to fund studies on biodiversity, create accessible and constantly updated biodiversity databases, and consider biodiversity in school curricula and other outreach activities.

A barragem de Irapé, localizada no sudeste brasileiro e inaugurada em 2006, representou um marco na engenharia nacional, devido às condições adversas de sua construção, como topografia íngreme e a presença de sulfetos nos maciços de fundação, o que sustentava a hipótese de geração de drenagem ácida de rochas (DAR). Na época, o problema da DAR era pouco conhecido na construção de usinas hidrelétricas e diversos estudos foram conduzidos para controle e minimização dos riscos ambientais e de engenharia do empreendimento. Estes estudos sustentaram medidas inovadoras de engenharia, incluindo o zoneamento do enrocamento, a adoção de geossintéticos impermeabilizantes e a proteção com aditivos das estruturas de con creto. Este trabalho apresenta resumidamente os resultados de uma ampla campanha laboratorial que objetivou complementar os referidos estudos, na tentativa de melhor avaliar o mecanismo de geração ácida sob o con texto da UHE Irapé. Ela consistiu de amostragem, caracterização petrográfica e química das amostras, ensaios estáticos (pH em pasta e NAG) e cinéticos (lixiviação em colunas e em extrator Soxhlet, ensaios de ciclagem). Os resultados demonstraram que não houve geração ácida nos ensaios cinéticos e no ensaio de pH em pasta, levando-se em consideração os tempos e as condições de ensaio. Por outro lado, a presença de sulfetos nas análises petrográficas e os resultados dos ensaios NAG revelaram potencial de geração ácida em algumas das amostras, demonstrando a necessidade de pesquisas adicionais.

ABSTRACT Deforestation has negative impacts on diversity and community patterns of several taxa. In the eastern Amazon, where much deforestation is predicted for the coming years, forests patches may be essential to maintain the local biodiversity. Despite increasing concerns about the conservation of threatened areas, few studies have been performed to analyze the communities of diversified groups, such as insects, in the eastern Amazon. Here, we investigated species diversity and community structure of fruit-feeding butterflies, a well-known bioindicator group, in a threatened remnant of an eastern Amazonian forest located on Maranhão Island, northeastern Brazil. Fruit-feeding butterflies were sampled monthly for one year. Diversity and evenness indices, richness estimators, rarefaction curve, and rank-abundance plot were used to describe community structure in the study area. We captured 529 fruit-feeding butterflies in four subfamilies, 23 genera and 34 species. The three most abundant species, Hamadryas februa, Hamadryas feronia, and Hermeuptychia cf. atalanta are indicators of disturbed habitats and represented more than half of the collected individuals. Richness estimators revealed that between 87 and 94% of the fruit-feeding butterfly species were sampled, suggesting few additional records would be made for the area. Our results indicate that human-caused disturbances have altered local community patterns and provide baseline data for future research in threatened regions of the eastern Amazon.

ABSTRACT: Cobia is one of the most promising warm water aquaculture species. In Brazil, cobia farming began in 2008 in the state of Rio de Janeiro from experimental scale facilities to regular near-shore farms based on fresh/frozen fish diets composed mostly of Sardinella sp. Despite the encouraging results achieved in the promotion of sustainable cobia farming, we advocate the replacement of fresh/frozen fish by a practical formulated feed. This experiment evaluated the zootechnical performance and environmental efficiency of moist and practical formulated feeds in early grow-out phases in the cycle of cobia nearshore cage culture. Four hundred and twenty juvenile cobia (151 ± 7 g) were fed with moist feed and practical formulated feed for 56 days. Biometrics were taken every two weeks and diets were analyzed for proximate composition, fatty acid composition and pellet quality. Although growth performance was equivalent between treatments, feed consumption and feed conversion ratios (FCR) were different (p < 0.05) and varied according to water temperature. Cobia fed moist feed exhibited an FCR two times higher than those fed formulated feed. Elevated settling speed and low floatability contributed to higher heterogeneity and lower efficiency of fish fed moist diet. Nitrogen excretion rate was reduced (64 %) and protein efficiency ratio elevated (27 %) within formulated diet groups in comparison to those fed moist diet (79 % and 15 %, respectively). The fatty acid profile of cobia muscle was similar across the groups. With no negative effects of diet substitution on production performance and improvement of environmental efficiency, this approach can be applied and advocated globally and contribute to the responsible intensification of sustainable marine fish culture.

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a peça “Boca de Ouro”, de Nelson Rodrigues, nos aspectos concernentes à perversão e ao ressentimento. A construção do anti-herói Boca de Ouro revela o funcionamento de um Supereu corrompido no qual apela-se para a tirania como uma formação reativa para defender-se do ressentimento de ser um filho sem pai e de uma mãe que deu à luz em uma pia de gafieira. O conceito de ressentimento é discutido a partir da psicanálise freudiana e da filosofia de Nietzsche.

ABSTRACT Rainfall is one of the most influential factors driving insect seasonality in the Amazon region. However, few studies have analyzed the temporal dynamics of fruit-feeding butterflies in the Brazilian Amazon, specially in its eastern portion. Here, we evaluated the diversity patterns and temporal distribution of fruit-feeding butterflies in a remnant of eastern Amazon forest in the Baixada Maranhense, northeastern Brazil. Specifically, we tested whether fruit-feeding butterflies are temporally structured and whether rainfall influences species richness and abundance. Butterflies were collected with baited traps in both the rainy and dry seasons for two consecutive years. In total, we captured 493 butterflies belonging to 28 species, 15 genera and eight tribes. Three species comprised about half of the overall abundance, and Satyrinae was the most representative subfamily. The fruit-feeding butterfly assemblage showed a strong temporal structure during the second year of sampling, but not during the first year. Species composition and richness did not differ between rainy and dry seasons, and neither abundance nor richness was influenced by rainfall. Our results indicate that seasonality is not a strong environmental filter in this region, and that other biotic and abiotic factors are probably driving the community structure. The predominance of palms in the Baixada Maranhense, which are used as host plants by larvae of several lepidopteran species (specially satyrines) and are available year-round, might have contributed to the observed patterns of temporal diversity.