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Background/Aims. The main objective of this study was to describe the profile of patients who were benefitted in a collective effort to perform liver biopsies in Bahia, Brazil.Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample composed of all the patients who were submitted to liver biopsy during a collective effort carried out in Bahia between July 2007 and November 2009. At the time of the procedure, data on the age and gender of patients and the reason for performing the biopsy were recorded. Data on the degree of fibrosis and the presence of co-morbidities. Following statistical analysis, the frequency of the liver diseases that led to the biopsy procedure was described, and the profile of the patients was stratified into groups according to the most prevalent etiologies.Results. Of the 550 patients evaluated, 55.3% were men and 44.7% women. Mean age was 46.63 ± 11.59 years and there was no statistically significant difference in age between males and females. Of the 550 patients, 72% had hepatitis C and the mean age of these patients was 48.49 ± 10.1 years, significantly higher than the mean age of the patients with hepatitis B (40.41 ± 12.43 years). Furthermore, 70.7% of the patients with hepatitis C were between 41 and 60 years of age. The most frequent fibrosis grade was F2 (44%) and the prevalence of advanced fibrosis was 27.7%. Overall, 85 patients, most of them men, had some degree of iron overload. With respect to the safety of the biopsy procedure, severe complications occurred in only two patients.Conclusion. Hepatitis C is the predominant liver disease that demanded liver biopsy. The profile of the patients who benefitted from this collective effort is similar to that of patients in the rest of the country. Moreover, non-Ultrasonography guided liver biopsy is safe and the collective effort to carry out liver biopsies in Bahia was found to be a viable venture.

INTRODUÇÃO: Esteatose ocorre com freqüência na hepatite crônica pelo vírus C (HCV) e parece estar relacionada a fatores clínicos e/ou virológicos. Contudo, a presença de esteato-hepatite, uma condição indutora de fibrose, tem sido pouco estudada. OBJETIVO: Estudar a associação de HCV com esteato-hepatite em material de biópsia hepática, correlacionando-a com dados clínicos. MÉTODOS: As biópsias hepáticas de pacientes com HCV foram avaliadas quanto a atividade, estádio e presença de alterações morfológicas de esteato-hepatite. Os dados morfológicos foram correlacionados a parâmetros clínicos que incluíam: consumo alcoólico, IMC, colesterol, triglicérides, glicemia, exposição a petroquímicos e genótipo viral. RESULTADOS: Esteato-hepatite foi encontrada em 42 de 252 (16,6%) pacientes com HCV. Entre os 42 casos, critérios para obesidade, diabetes e dislipidemia foram encontrados em 16,7%; 16,7% e 21,4%, respectivamente. O genótipo 3 esteve presente em 38,1% dos casos. Fatores de risco para esteato-hepatite não-alcoólica (NASH) foram encontrados em 73% dos casos em genótipos diferentes do 3, enquanto tais fatores foram presentes em 37,5% dos casos com genótipo 3 (p = 0,05). O padrão morfológico mais freqüente foi a esteatose macrovacuolar de moderada intensidade (61,9%) com distribuição difusa (64,3%). Tanto o padrão de fibrose de NASH quanto o de HCV foram notados: fibrose perissinusoidal (87,8%), portal (87,8%), septal (69,0%) e cirrose (30,9%). CONCLUSÕES: Esteato-hepatite é freqüente em pacientes com HCV, apresentando padrão peculiar de distribuição da esteatose e alta freqüência de cirrose. Em genótipos diferentes do 3, a esteato-hepatite parece estar relacionada à sobreposição de fatores de risco para NASH.INTRODUCTION: Steatohepatitis and hepatitis C virus (HCV) have been related to several clinical and virological factors and fibrosis progression. OBJECTIVE: To describe clinical and morphological aspects of steatohepatitis associated to HCV. METHODS: The study included patients with HCV without treatment. Biopsies were evaluated by METAVIR score and steatohepatitis was evaluated according to criteria of Sociedade Brasileira de Patologia (SBP). Clinical parameters included alcoholic intake history and determination of risk factors for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). RESULTS: Steatohepatitis was observed in 42 out of 252 patients (16.6%) with HCV, and 76.2% were male. Risk factors for NASH were present in 37.5% of the patients with genotype 3 and in 73% of the patients with other genotypes (p = 0.05). Obesity was present in 16.7%, diabetes in 16.7%, hyperlipidemia in 21.4%, and genotype 3 in 38.1%. Macrovacuolar steatosis presented mild intensity in 61.9% and was diffuse in 64.3%. Cirrhosis was present in 33.3% of the patients. CONCLUSIONS: Diffuse steatosis and ballooning of mild to moderate intensity characterized steatohepatitis related to HCV. Patients with genotype different from genotype 3 presented with known risk factors for NASH, whereas most of the patients with genotype 3 had only viral genotype as risk factor for steatosis. The frequency of cirrhosis was relevant and suggests that the association of steatohepatitis with HCV contribute to fibrosis progression.

The genomic diversity of HCV embraces 6 genotypes and at least 52 subtypes with clinical and epidemiological correlations. There is a paucity of studies assessing HCV genotypes and biomolecular epidemiology in Brazil. We studied genotype distribution and epidemiological aspects in 232 HCV carriers, 133 (57,9%) males and 99 (42,1%) females, followed in the liver disease referral unit in Salvador, BA, northeastern Brazil. All of them were anti-HCV positive by 3rd generation ELISA assay, and HCV-RNA positive by RT-PCR. Genotyping was performed by INNOLIPA. Assessment of risk factors for HCV infection showed that 93 (40%) had past blood transfusion, 14 (6%) intravenous drug use, 19 (8%) inhalation of cocaine, 28 (12%) tattooing, 15 (7%) were health care workers, 5 (2%) had reused disposable syringes, 5 (2%) had multiple risk factors and in 53 (23%) no risk factor was determined. Genotype 1a was observed in 75 (32%), 1b in 72 (31%), 3a in 61 (26%), 2ab in 14 (6%); 5 (2.5%) had mixed genotypes and 5 (2.5%) were undetermined. Patients with genotype 1 had a higher mean age (P