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Copyright of Contemporary Accounting Research is the property of Canadian Academic Accounting Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Annales Historiques de la Révolution Française is the property of Librairie Armand Colin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Contemporary Accounting Research is the property of Canadian Academic Accounting Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Résumé: Les progrès rapides de la robotique pourraient avoir des conséquences majeures sur l'économie mondiale et les sciences économiques. L'auteur passe en revue la littérature récente consacrée à ce sujet en se plaçant de deux points de vue. Premièrement, il analyse les travaux théoriques concernant les effets de la robotisation sur l'emploi et la capacité de différentes théories à décrire ces effets. Deuxièmement, il évalue les études empiriques relatives à l'impact de la robotisation sur l'économie, plus précisément sur l'emploi et la relocalisation de la production. Il met en lumière les limites de la littérature et des pistes pour de futurs travaux. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: L'auteur s'appuie sur des données de panel relatives à 11 pays d'Amérique latine au cours de la période 2002‐2019 pour étudier la théorie de la «quantité fixe de travail» à l'heure du vieillissement démographique. Ses estimations, issues d'un modèle à effets fixes, révèlent l'existence d'une corrélation positive entre le taux d'emploi des seniors et celui des jeunes, de même qu'entre la rémunération des seniors et celle des jeunes. Ces résultats laissent penser qu'une hausse de l'emploi des seniors est favorable à la croissance économique, d'où une augmentation des besoins de main‐d'œuvre, lesquels peuvent être pourvus par la jeune génération. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advancements in technology enable new opportunities for creating digital social security accounts, but the effectiveness of these to solve the accessibility and eligibility issues facing platform workers has not been assessed fully in the literature. The potential of digital social security accounts lies in their ability to consider the possible different streams of income of atypical workers and to improve the effective access of these workers to social security. Tax and social security offices can now exchange information on the income of platform workers in real time, which offers the promise of formalizing the previously informal casual work relationships of the self‐employed. This article explores the case of the Estonian entrepreneur account as a digital hybrid solution for improving the effective access to social security of platform workers. Digital portable accounts create the conditions for the structural improvement required to respond adequately to meet the changing social security needs of atypical workers. However, this also requires that the policy design be thought through carefully, to avoid digital portable accounts being simply a digital facilitator of outdated solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studies in Contrastive Grammar / Studii de Gramatica Contrastiva is the property of Universitatea din Pitesti and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The gendered division of occupations is a persistent characteristic of the Austrian labour market. Furthermore, we can observe more flexible employment biographies, where sequential employment episodes and occupational transitions become an important part. On this account, the article argues that both gender inequalities and labour market movements need to be examined simultaneously. The authors therefore analyse gender-(un)typed horizontal occupational transitions and their influence on the vertical positioning, based on the Austrian Micro Census (2008–2018). The results reveal that gender-typed occupational transitions are regaining relevance and that the gender effect is reversing in that women increasingly leave gender-untyped occupations. The findings also demonstrate that this gender-typed horizontal movement yields a significant decline in occupational status for women, which even increases when women become mothers. Based on their models the authors find no negative effects for fathers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Movement & Sport Sciences / Science & Motricité is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Financial, Accounting & Managerial Studies is the property of Journal of Financial, Accounting & Managerial Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Al Bashaer Economic Journal is the property of Al Bashaer Economic Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cadernos de Pesquisa is the property of Fundacao Carlos Chagas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Lecturas de Economia is the property of Universidad de Antioquia, Facultad de Ciencias Economicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue Internationale des Économistes de Langue Française (RIELF) is the property of Poznan University of Economics & Business and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Pendant la première décennie des années 2000, le nombre de diplômés de niveau master a augmenté considérablement en France. En se penchant sur l’accès à ce niveau de diplôme, le premier objectif de l’article était de mettre en évidence de possibles ségrégations liées à la diversification des parcours, notamment à une augmentation notable des trajectoires où figure un diplôme du premier cycle du supérieur technique, trajectoires où dominent les classes populaires et moyennes. Le second objectif était d’examiner la poursuite ou non sur le marché du travail de ces ségrégations ayant cours dans le système éducatif. À cette fin, trois enquêtes du Céreq de 2001, de 2007 et de 2013 pour des sortants du système éducatif de 1998, de 2004 et de 2010 ont été mobilisées, et 26 trajectoires de diplômés de niveau master ont été constituées. En fonction du parcours dans le supérieur et aussi dans le secondaire, les trajectoires s’avèrent fortement ségréguées selon l’origine sociale et le genre. Toutefois, les ségrégations liées à l’origine sociale dans le système éducatif ne se prolongent pas toujours sur le marché du travail, notamment à la faveur de plusieurs trajectoires où figure un diplôme du premier cycle du supérieur technique. Il s’agit néanmoins surtout de trajectoires masculines, et les ségrégations de genre demeurent élevées. Les résultats invitent à relier plus systématiquement les ségrégations dans le système éducatif à celles vécues sur le marché du travail. Ils interrogent également la poursuite de cette « relative » amélioration en matière de promotion sociale, alors qu’actuellement le nombre d’inscriptions en master diminue en France.

This study used qualitative interviews to explore perceptions of labour market participation in relation to gender norms and parenting ideals among employed Swedish men and women of migrant descent. Using an abductive thematic approach, we demonstrate how the respondents viewed labour market participation from different perspectives. The females saw it as a source of emancipation, whereas the men primarily viewed it as a means of providing for a current/future family. While our respondents depicted themselves as dedicated to social norms of gender equality, they expressed gender-biased views on work and family. The respondents' immigrant heritage also influenced their views on labour market participation, gender and family. Gender inequalities in the parental generation motivated them to arrange their work and family lives differently, and the Swedish social and political context offered them incentives and opportunities to be more gender-equal than their parents. We view and analyse these findings from a life course-perspective, showing how cultural and contextual influences affect respondents' perspectives on work and family arrangements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Formal educational qualification is increasingly built into immigrant selection systems in many countries, but in a global context, the transferability and portability of such qualifications has been questioned. In 2013, Canada introduced the requirement for a formal assessment of educational credential equivalence for applicants in the skilled worker category. In this study, we use a Canadian national immigration database and difference-in-differences methodology to investigate whether requiring formal Educational Credential Assessment (ECA) as part of the selection process for skilled immigrants has improved labour market outcomes. Our results indicate that the ECA requirement is positively related to early employment rates and earnings for both men and women. However, this effect is limited to those with no previous employment experience in Canada. We also find that, even with the ECA requirement, significant differences in the earnings of immigrants from different source regions remain. Implications and recommendations are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Platform work confronts traditional social security law in two dimensions. First, it makes the distinction between dependent and independent work uncertain and unclear, as the borderline between these blur. This is a profound challenge for social security law, because the criteria of dependent and independent work have to be precise. In the determination of work as dependent or independent, German law illustrates that a shift has taken place in determining employment status, moving from external and objective criteria to the contracting parties' decision, which is to be executed under private law, but also respected under social security law. Second, platform work is heavily intertwined with digital communication, which has established a global environment for communication. Thereby, platform work can also facilitate international trade by making transnational work more accessible and efficient. Therefore, it seems necessary to examine the implications of platform work in international law. International law makes possible the choice of law, executed by the contracting parties. As a consequence, the protection of employees by social security law is related to the private law arrangements between the service provider and the service recipient. Gaps in social security protection of service providers are widespread. In many countries, awareness of the social protection deficits of platform workers has grown and responses to improve the social status of platform workers have come under scrutiny. Analysis reveals that there is a joint responsibility of the service provider and the service recipient to be bound to social security coverage under the same national legislation. Nevertheless, from an international law perspective, it is shown that reforms are confronted with restrictions under international law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Netherlands, the social security rights of platform workers have still not been formally defined. At present, the level of social security protection accorded to all workers is derived directly from the labour law qualification. In the continuing absence in the Netherlands of specific legislation for platform workers, specifically as regards labour law and social security law, the existing legislation is steering. This means that the platform worker is either included using the status of employee with the corresponding extensive protection package, or the status of self‐employed with limited social protection. For the majority of platform workers, this second option is applied to date. Nevertheless, recent developments point to possible improvements in the social security position of platform workers in the Netherlands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Comparative & International Education is the property of Canadian & International Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Income support programs introduced for workers during the first wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdowns faced criticism for their negative labour supply effects. We propose that these concerns about work disincentives are embedded in restrictive assumptions about work and led to suboptimal design of crisis support policies. We describe a framework for analyzing alternative crisis income support programs predicated on more realistic assumptions of labour markets and human motivation. Our framework proposes that balancing efficiency, equity, and voice objectives should be the goal of crisis labour market policies. We argue that adoption of a basic income targeted toward low-income workers, in combination with Canada's pre-existing Employment Insurance program, would have balanced efficiency, equity, and voice better than the combination of the Canada Emergency Response Benefit and Canada Emergency Wage Subsidy. A targeted basic income would also have been more effective at achieving stated public health objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Crítica de Ciências Sociais is the property of Centro de Estudos Sociais and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nouvelles Perspectives en Sciences Sociales is the property of Editions Prise de parole and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Le présent travail vise à analyser les déterminants de l’insertion professionnelle des jeunes au Bénin. Il a été réalisé sur 3338 jeunes béninois âgés de 15-29 ans extrait de la base de données de l’Enquête sur la Transition de l’Ecole vers la Vie Active (ETVA) effectuée en 2012 par l’Institut National de la Statistique et de l’Analyse Economique. A cet effet, après avoir procédé à une analyse descriptive (univariée, bivariée et multidimensionnelle) des données, une modélisation économétrique a été effectuée grâce aux logiciels EXCEL, STATA v13 et R v3.2.3. Des résultats obtenus, il ressort que les jeunes enquêtés sont majoritairement mariés, du sexe masculin et très peu instruits. Par ailleurs, le fait pour le jeune d’être une femme, d’être marié, de vivre en milieu rural, d’avoir travaillé et réalisé un stage durant les études et d’avoir réussi à obtenir un emploi de quelque nature à sa première expérience professionnelle affectent positivement le jeune dans son processus d’insertion professionnelle au Bénin. Au regard de ces résultats, nous suggérons aux autorités politiques de renforcer le système éducatif en préparant les jeunes à l’auto-emploi et en leur accordant des stages durant le cursus scolaire.

Copyright of Scientific Annals of the 'Al. I. Cuza' University, Iasi. Sociology & Social Work / Analele Stiintifice ale Universitatii 'Al. I. Cuza' Iasi Sociologie si Asistenta Sociala is the property of Alexandru Ioan Cuza University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Canada, like other advanced Western countries, wrestles with the challenge of immigrant integration. Canadian scholars, policymakers and service providers are tasked with finding ways to assist immigrants to find livelihood as well as a sense of belonging in their new homeland. Because of their potential to isolate immigrant groups and/or prevent them from making important connections with the broader society, ethnocultural associations may be seen as a threat to this goal. This reasoning is not unconnected with the sparsity of research on informal immigrant ethno-cultural associations in Canada. Framed by anti-Black racist and feminist epistemologies and based on data collected in semi-structured interviews, this paper explores the experiences of francophone Sub-Saharan African women who participate in mutual aid and savings groups known as rotating credit associations in English or tontines in French. While focusing on the women's informal financial support networks, the paper documents aspects of their lives as minoritized francophones living and working in Toronto. The paper also examines tontines as a transnational practice with significant benefits to both participants and their host society. Given that tontines supplement revenue, they facilitate immigrants' integration into society. Our findings show that, as informal ethnocultural associations, tontines offer participants an opportunity to overcome aspects of the economic precariousness that they encounter in the labour market, while allowing them to express solidarity with one another and to cope with the isolation that they experience as newcomers to Canada. The article sheds light on how Sub-Saharan African immigrant women in the minoritized francophone community in Toronto have reproduced practices that they used in Africa to save money for their own and their family's material needs by organizing tontines. Comme d'autres pays occidentaux, le Canada fait face au défi de l'intégration des immigrants. Les chercheurs, les décideurs ainsi que les pourvoyeurs de services canadiens s'intéressent à la manière dont on peut aider les immigrants à mieux s'intégrer dans leur nouvelle société d'accueil. Dans ce sens, les associations ethnoculturelles, du fait de leur potentiel à contenir les groupes d'immigrants et/ou à les empêcher d'établir des liens importants avec la société en général, peuvent être considérées comme une menace pour l'atteinte de cet objectif. Cependant, peu de recherches portent sur les associations ethnoculturelles informelles d'immigrants au Canada. Dans, [End Page 7] ce sens, en s'appuyant sur des données collectées lors des entretiens semi-structurés, cet article explore les expériences des femmes francophones d'Afrique subsaharienne qui participent à des groupes d'entraide et d'épargne connus sous le nom d'associations de crédit rotatif ou tontines dans une perspective qui se fonde sur l'épistémologie féministe et anti-raciste noire. Bien qu'il se concentre sur les tontines organisées par les femmes immigrantes originaires de l'Afrique subsaharienne, il examine les aspects de leur vie en tant que francophones vivant dans un contexte francophone minoritaire et travaillant à Toronto. L'article analyse également les tontines comme une pratique transnationale présentant des avantages significatifs tant pour les participantes que pour leur société d'accueil. En constituant un revenu supplémentaire, les tontines facilitent l'intégration des immigrants dans la société. Nos résultats montrent qu'en tant qu'associations ethnoculturelles informelles, les tontines offrent aux participantes l'occasion de surmonter certains aspects de la précarité économique qu'elles rencontrent sur le marché du travail tout en leur permettant de renforcer leur solidarité et vaincre l'isolement qu'elles vivent en arrivant au Canada. L'article met en lumière la façon dont les immigrantes d'Afrique subsaharienne de la communauté francophone minoritaire de Toronto ont reproduit des pratiques qu'elles utilisaient en Afrique pour économiser de l'argent pour leurs propres besoins matériels et ceux de leur famille. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Working life in Canada has changed dramatically during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using Labour Force Survey data, we show that gender employment gaps among parents of young children widened considerably between February and May 2020, net of differences in job and personal characteristics. Gender gaps grew more for parents of elementary school-aged children rather than preschoolers, and among less educated parents. To aid postpandemic recovery and prepare for future disruptive disasters/pandemics, policy-makers should focus attention on fostering an accessible, well-funded public care sector and implementing flexible leave policies beyond the period of infancy to help working parents manage caregiving demands equitably. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revue Universitaire des Sciences Humaines et Sociales is the property of University of Kasdi Merbah Ouargla and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The online platform economy raises a range of intricate legal questions connected to labour law and social security protection. In particular, the atypical forms of labour relationships used by many online platforms (e.g. multilateral, hyper‐temporary, off‐site, autonomous), often contractually defined as independent contracting, have challenged the application of labour and occupational health and safety law in many countries across the world, as the application of these norms tends to be dependent on the existence of an "employment relationship". These developments are compounding the general increase in atypical employment, especially as a result of the 2007–08 financial and economic crisis. It has mostly fallen to courts to resolve the disputes between online platforms and their online platform workers, but some European Union (EU) Member States (such as France) have taken specific legal measures in response to these difficulties. Also, the EU‐level as such is becoming increasingly involved, with the Court of Justice's ruling in the case of Uber providing some guidance on the "employment question", and a pending legislative initiative on a Directive for Transparent and Predictable Working Conditions which may provide minimum labour protection for online platform workers in the EU. This article analyzes the problem of labour law in the online platform economy and surveys the various responses by courts and policy‐makers across the EU, which may furthermore set the tone for developments outside the EU in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a consequence of new technology, labour markets are changing. This article's central aim is to discuss variations among welfare states in Europe to adjust to changing labour markets. These variations in adjustment suggest that some welfare states are more prepared than others, including their capacity to ensure their sustainable financing. In the years to come, the predicted impact of technological development on labour markets will be huge. Impacts will include stronger "dualization" and new cleavages between "insiders" and "outsiders". Fewer industrial jobs are to be expected, and service‐sector employment faces a risk of decline due to automation. While the creation of new jobs is likely, it remains to be seen whether these will replace the number of jobs destroyed, leaving the risk that many people whose skills become obsolete will become unemployed in the short as well as the longer term. Furthermore, even if the same number of jobs are eventually created, there will be a period of transition. In the light of this, welfare states will be challenged, not only in how they can finance their activities but also in terms of the threat posed to social cohesion by emerging labour market "winners" and "losers", with an accompanying higher risk of increasing inequality. The article offers suggestions as to how welfare states may cope with the changes related to the financing of welfare states, and how active labour market policy can be part of the response to help alleviate the expected dramatic changes. Also required is a discussion on the annual average number of hours people will work and how this might be a factor in lower future levels of unemployment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The digitalization of the economy can be interpreted as an industrial revolution, a series of technological innovations associated with new practices and new business models. As for previous industrial revolutions, a phase involving the destruction of existing systems and structures is driving a profound transformation of the world of work and the development of new sectors of activity and new jobs, including changes in the labour market and in the types of jobs created. This puts into question the position of the middle classes, and presents new challenges for social protection. This article seeks to understand the impacts of digital technology on the economy and employment, including the phenomena of labour market polarization. It describes the new forms of employment and work and analyses the social risks and the likely ramifications for the middle classes in the digital age. In turn, new possibilities for social protection in the digital age are discussed. The article concludes that there is a need to re‐evaluate jobs that involve the provision of personal and care services, including to support social investment, to strengthen the future prospects of the weakened middle classes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally, an estimated 734 million jobs will be required between 2010 and 2030 to accommodate recent and ongoing demographic shifts, account for plausible changes in labour force participation rates, and achieve target unemployment rates of at or below 4 per cent for adults and at or below 8 per cent for youth. The facts that most new jobs will be required in countries where "decent" jobs are less prevalent and workers in many occupations are increasingly subject to risks of automation further compound the challenge of job creation, which is already quite sizable in historical perspective. Failure to create the jobs that are needed through 2030 would put currently operative social security systems under pressure and undermine efforts to guarantee the national social protection floors enshrined in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digitalization is transforming societies and economies worldwide at an unprecedented scale and pace. In the wake of automation and digitalization, new forms of employment have been emerging in various occupations and sectors, such as the digital platform economy. The emergence of new forms of employment, such as work on digital platforms, requires that existing social protection systems adapt to the specific situation and needs of such workers, as to realize the human right to social security for all. Current social protection coverage for workers on digital crowdwork platforms reveals significant gaps in social security coverage. Where such coverage exists, it is often provided through the workers' previous or additional jobs, or indirectly through their spouses or other family members. This raises questions about digital platforms free riding on the traditional economy with regard to the financing of social security. How can social protection systems adapt to changing forms of work to ensure full and effective coverage for workers in all forms of employment, including those in "new" forms of employment? How can workers in all types of employment, including those on digital platforms, be protected in an adequate and comprehensive way, combining contributory and non‐contributory mechanisms and based on equitable and sustainable financing mechanisms, so as to ensure adequate social protection to all? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This special issue of the International Social Security Review considers the multidisciplinary topic of social security and the digital economy. The selected articles that comprise this issue offer a number of varying perspectives on the changing and increasingly complex environment in which social security institutions operate and critically assess not only how social security institutions are likely to be impacted but also how they may respond to the challenges foreseen. Social security institutions do not have control over external factors that can negatively impact the financing and coverage of social security programmes. Nonetheless, with the shift to the digital economy, the task at hand is to manage an unprecedented process of change. Though ensuring service continuity is the primary concern, also required are improvements in service delivery for all stakeholders and the development of responses to meet new operational challenges and emerging coverage risks. Particularly in more developed economies, the socio‐economic challenges that accompany the labour market changes associated with the transition to the digital economy are often characterized as presenting a risk of growing precarity. Regardless, the global policy goal remains one of ensuring sustainable and adequate social security protection for all. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Crítica de Ciências Sociais is the property of Centro de Estudos Sociais and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present work seeks to address the reconfiguration of agricultural labor, carried out under the coordination of global tradings companies, and its repercussions on migratory flows. For this analysis, the region of highway BR-163 in Mato Grosso was selected, because, after the 2000s it had a significant growth in agricultural production and a strong presence of global tradings companies and also registered an intense population growth in the last thirty years. The results show that the agribusiness productive chain in Mato Grosso is associated with specific migration flows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Panorama Económico is the property of Universidad de Cartagena and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We use the 2012 Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies to examine the relationship between information-processing skills, educational attainment, and labour market outcomes among Indigenous peoples in Canada. Relative to the non-Indigenous sample, we find negative earnings differentials, higher unemployment, and lower employment and labour market participation among Indigenous peoples, as well as important differences between First Nations, Métis, and Inuit workers. First Nations peoples show larger gaps in terms of earnings and employment outcomes. Moreover, Métis peoples show worse employment outcomes and negative earnings differentials in the upper part of the distribution. First Nations peoples also show sizable gaps in literacy, numeracy, and technology skill relative to the non-Indigenous sample. Not surprisingly, there is a positive relationship between information-processing skills and wages. However, the returns to skills are very similar for Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples. That is, we find no evidence of economic discrimination. Once these skills are conditioned on, the earnings differentials decline. We also find that education can reduce skill and wage gaps, although the additional impact is small. The results imply the need to consider barriers to education faced by Indigenous peoples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: Les auteurs étudient l'effet des obstacles aux échanges internationaux de biens et de services sur les marchés du travail des pays producteurs en partant des estimations du BIT sur l'emploi imputable aux chaînes d'approvisionnement mondiales. L'analyse empirique confirme largement les prédictions d'un modèle théorique calibré avec des données de la base WIOD (2000 et 2011). Les obstacles au commerce de produits manufacturés ou de services ont un effet transfrontalier, intrasectoriel et intersectoriel, sur l'emploi, qui reflète l'interdépendance croissante entre pays et secteurs. L'effet intersectoriel s'affirme avec le temps. Les politiques commerciales semblent donc pouvoir avoir des effets externes importants sur les marchés du travail étrangers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: Les auteurs fournissent de nouveaux éléments d'appréciation sur la volatilité des revenus salariaux et de l'emploi chez les jeunes Européens après la crise de 2008. L'analyse, qui repose sur des données de la base EU‐SILC (2004–2013), révèle des différences de niveaux et de tendances importantes entre les pays. Sans surprise, l'instabilité augmente après la crise, mettant fin au recul enregistré précédemment. Une analyse de variance montre que les jeunes des pays d'Europe méridionale sont particulièrement exposés à la volatilité de l'emploi. Une régression à effets fixes permet d'associer certaines institutions (prestations de chômage et législation protectrice de l'emploi) à une baisse de l'instabilité. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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