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Replacing fish meal and oil in trout diets with plant-derived ingredients is a contemporary challenge to move towards more sustainable aquaculture practices. However, such dietary replacement causes hepatic metabolic changes that have not yet been elucidated. Here, we aimed to decipher the effect of a 100% plant-based diet on the hepatic global DNA methylation landscape in trout and assess whether changes depend on fish genetic background. We analysed the global methylome and the expression of DNA (de)methylation-related genes of three isogenic lines that exhibit similar growth when fed a marine resource-based diet (M diet), but differ in their responses to a plant-based diet (V diet). Our results revealed that the V diet induced a decrease in 5-cytosine combined with an increase in 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in two of the three analysed lines. For one of these 2 affected lines, when fed the M diet but at the same feed intake of the V diet (MR), no methylome differences were highlighted between M and MR or between MR and V-fed trout whereas for the other affected line, M fed trout displayed a divergent methylome profile from MR and V fed fish. DNA (de)methylation-related genes were also affected by the V or MR diets. Our findings showed that the global hepatic methylome of trout is affected by a V diet, depending on genetic background. This latter effect seems to be due to either a decreased feed intake alone or combined with the effect of the dietary composition per se.

Jessica El-Khazen Dupuis, Michael Marchand, Simon Javidi, Tuan Quynh Tram Nguyen Department of Ophthalmology, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 3E4, CanadaCorrespondence: Michael MarchandDepartment of Ophthalmology, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, 1051 Rue Sanguinet, Montréal, QC H2X 3E4, CanadaTel +1 (514) 890-8000Email mic9@sympatico.caPurpose: To report on the importance of detecting and investigating non-traumatic enophthalmos, which occurred as the first presenting sign of an undiagnosed metastatic breast carcinoma in two patients with no prior history of neoplasia.Design: Case series.Observations: The first case consists of a 74-year-old woman with no significant past medical history, who presented with a non-traumatic enophthalmos and ptosis of her left eye, and horizontal diplopia on right-gaze. Imaging revealed an intraconal lesion of her left orbit, with orbital fat atrophy. Transcutaneous anterior orbitotomy was performed for tumor biopsy, and the histopathology study concluded on a diagnosis of orbital metastasis consistent with infiltrative breast carcinoma. Thorough breast imaging and multiple breast biopsies were not able to localize the primary tumor. The second case consists of a 76-year-old woman, with no prior relevant medical history, who presented for progressive enophthalmos and ptosis of her right eye. Imaging revealed an osteolytic lesion of her right frontal bone, and multiple infiltrative lesions implicating both orbits. A biopsy was performed through a transcutaneous anterior orbitotomy and histopathology study lead to a diagnosis of metastatic lobular breast carcinoma. The primary breast tumor was localized using positron emission tomography, and further biopsy confirmed the diagnosis.Conclusion: Although uncommon, non-traumatic enophthalmos has a broad differential diagnosis. In some rare instances, it may be the initial presentation of orbital metastases in patients with no prior history of cancer, and in the absence of other systemic symptoms. Clinicians must be thorough when assessing and investigating this clinical entity. A comprehensive eye exam, systemic evaluation, orbit imaging, biopsy and immunohistochemistry analysis are essential to promptly diagnose orbital metastases and plan the appropriate treatment.Keywords: enophthalmos, breast carcinoma, breast cancer, orbitotomy biopsy

The article reports the first occurrence of cassava witches' broom disease (CWBD) and Ceratobasidium theobromae in the Americas, specifically in French Guiana. The disease poses a threat to cassava, a vital food source with cultural and economic significance for indigenous communities in the region. The study conducted in 2024 identified symptoms of CWBD in multiple communes, highlighting the urgent need for regional action to address this emerging disease. [Extracted from the article]