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Oral health professionals and caregivers alike agree that children with disabilities, whether acquired or developmental, have the right to receive proper rehabilitation, in order to obtain their maximal functioning potential and lead a normal life. Aim of the study This paper aims to review the main challenges faced by paediatric dentists in the management of children with various intellectual disabilities, and formulate a set of recommendations and guidelines designed to enhance disabled patients’ trust in dental therapists, while enabling the latter to successfully carry out specific oral health procedures on this group of vulnerable individuals. Material and methods A review of available literature was performed, searching MedLine and PubMed databases for terms like: children, intellectual disability, prevention, dental treatment. Results Difficulties that arise in the context of dental management of a disability may be overpassed with a few techniques and methods available for the general dentist and the paediatric dentist alike. Conclusions Educating the paediatric dentist regarding the most common oral manifestations of intellectual disabilities is important, and guidelines are necessary in order to properly manage the dental treatment of this population group.

Three dimensional (3D) printing technology in healthcare has a high potential to help surgeons in their daily practice. The aim of our study is to demonstrate the accuracy of 3D printed models that include the anterior cerebral circulation, using a specific workflow and a resin based printing device. We included 9 cases with 3D printed models without any vascular malformation and we analyzed the differences between the computed tomography angiography (CTA) data and solid model both manually (measurements made by three radiologists) and semiautomatic (using a cloud processing software). We found no statistical differences between the initial scanning of the patient and the 3D printed models. Vascular 3D printed models manufactured using SLA technology provide a high level of anatomic accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim of the study The aim of the study is to present a particular case of Gorlin-Goltz syndrome (GGS) and to assess the importance of both clinical and radiological findings in the management of this rare disease. Material and methods We studied a GGS case from our hospital and integrated his clinical and radiological findings in order to assess the importance of conventional radiography, computer tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cone beam computer tomography (CB-CT). Results In this particular case we illustrate the role of MRI and CT examination in determining facial BCC extension and respectively GGS skeletal features. Conclusions Even if GGS is a rare chronic condition, if not periodically and properly investigated, it can lead to invasive basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) or other complication like facial deformities, mandibular fractures caused by keratocystic odontogenic cyst (OKCs).

Background and objectives : Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children is a debilitating disease, difficult to treat. Dental appliances have been proposed as a valid therapy for improving functional outcomes with good compliance rates. Herein, we aimed to perform a meta-analysis comparing clinical outcomes between OSA children treated with dental appliances versus controls. Materials Methods : The study was registered with PROSPERO. A systematic search was performed for all comparative studies examining outcomes in pediatric patients who underwent treatment of OSA with oral appliances versus controls. Data was extracted and analyzed using a random effects model via Rev Man 5.3. Results : Six studies including 180 patients were analyzed split into two groups: patients treated with dental appliances (n = 123) and the controls (n = 119). Therapy with dental appliances was shown to significantly improve the apnea-hypopnea index ( p = 0.009) and enlarge the superior posterior airway space ( p = 0.02). Maxilla-to-mandible measurements were not significantly different between the two groups, nor was the mean SO 2 ( p = 0.80). Conclusions : This is the most updated meta-analysis assessing the role of dental appliances for OSA in children; it shows that such devices can improve functional outcomes by decreasing the apnea-hypopnea index.

Many developments were made in the area of endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms, but this procedure also requires a good assessment of vascular anatomy prior to intervention. Seventy-six cases with brain aneurysms were selected and 1:1 scale 3D printed models were created. We asked three interventional neurosurgeons with different degrees of experience (ten years, four years, and a fourth-year resident) to review the cases using CTA (computed tomography angiogram) with MPR (multiplanar reconstructions) and VRT (volume rendering technique) and make a decision: coil embolization or stent-assisted coil embolization. After we provided them with the 3D printed models, they were asked to review their treatment plan. Statistical analysis was performed and the endovascular approach changed in 11.84% of cases for ten-year experienced neurosurgeons, 13.15% for four years experienced neurosurgeon, and 21.05% for residents. The interobserver agreement was very good between the ten years experienced interventionist and four years experienced interventionist when they analyzed the data set that included the 3D printed model. The agreement was higher between all physicians after they examined the printed model. 3D patient-specific printed models may be useful in choosing between two different endovascular techniques and also help the residents to better understand the vascular anatomy and the overall procedure.