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1. Impact of Sex on Thrombectomy Outcomes in Ischemic Stroke: A Propensity Score‐Matched Study, Systematic Review, and Meta‐Analysis

Author: Michele Romoli, Soma Banerjee, Francesco Cordici, Kyriakos Lobotesis, Marco Longoni, Elvis Lafe, Ilaria Casetta, Aristeidis H. Katsanos, Lina Palaiodimou, Andrea Zini, Maria Ruggiero, Thanh N. Nguyen, Georgios Tsivgoulis, and Lucio D'Anna
Subjects: Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract: Background Women are underrepresented in stroke thrombectomy trials, and the impact of sex differences in outcomes after stroke thrombectomy is unclear. We performed a multicenter propensity matching study to define sex‐related differences in outcome after endovascular thrombectomy and integrated results in a meta‐analysis. Methods We included patients with anterior circulation large vessel occlusion consecutively treated with thrombectomy at 2 Comprehensive Stroke Centres (2016–2023). Selection criteria reflected international guidelines. Through systematic review we selected all studies reporting endovascular thrombectomy outcomes in anterior circulation large vessel occlusion stroke, applying propensity score matching. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched up to August 15, 2023 according to predefined protocol (OSF.io/je3da). Data were extracted by 2 independent raters, pooled estimates calculated according to random‐effect modeling meta‐analysis and reported as odds ratio (OR) and standard 95% CI. Outcomes were good functional outcome, defined as modified Rankin Scale score 0–2 at 90 days after stroke, and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, adjudicated according to European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study II criteria. Results After matching, 698 patients (349 women versus 349 men) had similar cardiovascular risk factors, baseline features, and treatment approach. No significant differences were found for good functional outcome (OR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.66–1.2) and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (OR = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.44–2.26) in the cohort study by sex. Systematic review identified 3 studies (n = 3706), all of high quality. No differences emerged in rates of good functional outcome (OR = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.79–1.21) or symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (OR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.60–1.19) depending on sex. Conclusion Women receiving endovascular thrombectomy for anterior circulation large vessel occlusion related stroke have similar rates of good functional outcome and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage compared to men.
Published: 2024
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2. A case of Kennedy terminal ulcer in a 17th-century Italian mummy

Author: Mirko Traversari, Luca Ventura, Aleksander Sebastian Iwaszczonek, Elisabetta Cilli, Marco Longoni, Gianandrea Pasquinelli, Giancarlo Troncone, Arturo Brunetti, Davide Melandri, and Claudio Bellevicine
Subjects: Kennedy terminal ulcer, KTU, paleopathology, Dermatology, RL1-803
Abstract: Giacomo Torno was born in 1539 (or 1541) in Naples. At the age of 18 he joined the Clerics Regular Theatines in San Paolo Maggiore and was welcomed on 30 October 1558. He suffered a stroke on 4 December 1608 and died 45 days later. Contemporary sources report that he appeared to be tormented by the devil during his illness, tormented by constant spasms in his arm, which caused him great discomfort. During the analysis of his mummified body, a discontinuity of the skin surface at the level of the sacrum was discovered. All morphological features indicate a wound that developed during the subject’s life. Based on historical sources, the fracture of the first coccygeal vertebra, the appearance of the lesion near death, and the shape of the lesion, it appears that this is the first recorded instance of the Kennedy terminal ulcer, identified through both direct and indirect sources
Published: 2024
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3. Effect of tauroursodeoxycholic acid on survival and safety in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a retrospective population-based cohort studyResearch in context

Author: Elisabetta Zucchi, Umberto Maria Musazzi, Guido Fedele, Ilaria Martinelli, Giulia Gianferrari, Cecilia Simonini, Nicola Fini, Andrea Ghezzi, Maria Caputo, Elisabetta Sette, Veria Vacchiano, Lucia Zinno, Pietro Anceschi, Elena Canali, Marco Vinceti, Salvatore Ferro, Jessica Mandrioli, Laura Ferri, Annalisa Gessani, Rocco Liguori, Pietro Cortelli, Roberto Michelucci, Fabrizio Salvi, Ilaria Bartolomei, Anna Maria Borghi, Andrea Zini, Rita Rinaldi, Valeria Tugnoli, Maura Pugliatti, Luca Codeluppi, Franco Valzania, Filippo Stragliati, Andi Nuredini, Sonia Romano, Alessandro D'Orsi, Liborio Parrino, Doriana Medici, Giovanna Pilurzi, Emilio Terlizzi, Donata Guidetti, Silvia De Pasqua, Mario Santangelo, Paola De Massis, Matteo Gizzi, Mario Casmiro, Pietro Querzani, Simonetta Morresi, Maria Vitiello, Marco Longoni, Alberto Patuelli, Susanna Malagù, Francesca Bianchi, Marco Currò Dossi, and Cristiana Ganino
Subjects: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Tauroursodeoxycholic acid, Real-world evidence, Propensity score matching, Survival, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Summary: Background: Oral tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) is a commercial drug currently tested in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) both singly and combined with sodium phenylbutyrate. This retrospective study aimed to investigate, in a real-world setting, whether TUDCA had an impact on the overall survival of patients with ALS who were treated with this drug compared to those patients who received standard care only. Methods: This propensity score–matched study was conducted in the Emilia Romagna Region (Italy), which has had an ALS regional registry since 2009. Out of 627 patients with ALS diagnosed from January 1st, 2015 to June 30th, 2021 and recorded in the registry with available information on death/tracheostomy, 86 patients took TUDCA and were matched in a 1:2 ratio with patients who received only usual care according to age at onset, sex, phenotype, diagnostic latency, ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS-R) at first visit, disease progression rate at first visit, and BMI at diagnosis. The primary outcome was survival difference (time from onset of symptoms to tracheostomy/death) between TUDCA exposed and unexposed patients. Findings: A total of 86 patients treated with TUDCA were matched to 172 patients who did not receive treatment. TUDCA-exposed patients were stratified based on dosage (less than or equal to 1000 mg/day or greater) and duration (less than or equal to 12 months or longer) of treatment. The median overall survival was 49.6 months (95% CI 41.7–93.5) among those treated with TUDCA and 36.2 months (95% CI 32.7–41.6) in the control group, with a reduced risk of death observed in patients exposed to a higher dosage (defined as ≥ 1000 mg/day) of TUDCA (HR 0.56; 95% CI 0.38–0.83; p = 0.0042) compared to both the control group and those with lower TUDCA dosages (defined as
Published: 2023
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4. Insight into Elderly ALS Patients in the Emilia Romagna Region: Epidemiological and Clinical Features of Late-Onset ALS in a Prospective, Population-Based Study

Author: Giulia Gianferrari, Ilaria Martinelli, Cecilia Simonini, Elisabetta Zucchi, Nicola Fini, Maria Caputo, Andrea Ghezzi, Annalisa Gessani, Elena Canali, Mario Casmiro, Patrizia De Massis, Marco Curro’ Dossi, Silvia De Pasqua, Rocco Liguori, Marco Longoni, Doriana Medici, Simonetta Morresi, Alberto Patuelli, Maura Pugliatti, Mario Santangelo, Elisabetta Sette, Filippo Stragliati, Emilio Terlizzi, Veria Vacchiano, Lucia Zinno, Salvatore Ferro, Amedeo Amedei, Tommaso Filippini, Marco Vinceti, ERRALS GROUP, and Jessica Mandrioli
Subjects: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, elderly ALS, epidemiology, phenotype, prognosis, survival, Science
Abstract: Few studies have focused on elderly (>80 years) amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients, who represent a fragile subgroup generally not included in clinical trials and often neglected because they are more difficult to diagnose and manage. We analyzed the clinical and genetic features of very late-onset ALS patients through a prospective, population-based study in the Emilia Romagna Region of Italy. From 2009 to 2019, 222 (13.76%) out of 1613 patients in incident cases were over 80 years old at diagnosis, with a female predominance (F:M = 1.18). Elderly ALS patients represented 12.02% of patients before 2015 and 15.91% from 2015 onwards (p = 0.024). This group presented with bulbar onset in 38.29% of cases and had worse clinical conditions at diagnosis compared to younger patients, with a lower average BMI (23.12 vs. 24.57 Kg/m2), a higher progression rate (1.43 vs. 0.95 points/month), and a shorter length of survival (a median of 20.77 vs. 36 months). For this subgroup, genetic analyses have seldom been carried out (25% vs. 39.11%) and are generally negative. Finally, elderly patients underwent less frequent nutritional- and respiratory-supporting procedures, and multidisciplinary teams were less involved at follow-up, except for specialist palliative care. The genotypic and phenotypic features of elderly ALS patients could help identify the different environmental and genetic risk factors that determine the age at which disease onset occurs. Since multidisciplinary management can improve a patient’s prognosis, it should be more extensively applied to this fragile group of patients.
Published: 2023
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5. Clinical, electromyographical, histopathological characteristics of COVID-19 related rhabdomyolysis

Author: Chiara Rosato, Giuliano Bolondi, Emanuele Russo, Alessandro Oliva, Giovanni Scognamiglio, Emanuele Mambelli, Marco Longoni, Giulio Rossi, and Vanni Agnoletti
Subjects: Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Rhabdomyolysis is an uncommon complication of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Previous reports have described its management and treatment in medical units, but have not discussed confirmatory tests or differential diagnosis. We report a case of a 58 year-old male patient, who was admitted for COVID-19 pneumonia and subsequently developed severe weakness, inability to move limbs, acute renal failure, significantly elevated myoglobin and creatinine kinase, and was diagnosed with rhabdomyolysis. Continuous renal replacement therapy, the treatment modality of choice over hyperhydration due to ongoing mechanical ventilation, was effective in resolving symptoms. No direct viral invasion of muscles was noted on biopsy. Here, we describe his symptoms, electromyography, and muscular biopsy results, and further discuss the possible differential diagnoses. Neuromuscular symptoms related to COVID-19 require careful clinical analysis. In addition, detailed reports of patients’ course of illness and diagnoses will assist in improving care for affected patients.
Published: 2020
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6. Epidemiological, Clinical and Genetic Features of ALS in the Last Decade: A Prospective Population-Based Study in the Emilia Romagna Region of Italy

Author: Giulia Gianferrari, Ilaria Martinelli, Elisabetta Zucchi, Cecilia Simonini, Nicola Fini, Marco Vinceti, Salvatore Ferro, Annalisa Gessani, Elena Canali, Franco Valzania, Elisabetta Sette, Maura Pugliatti, Valeria Tugnoli, Lucia Zinno, Salvatore Stano, Mario Santangelo, Silvia De Pasqua, Emilio Terlizzi, Donata Guidetti, Doriana Medici, Fabrizio Salvi, Rocco Liguori, Veria Vacchiano, Mario Casmiro, Pietro Querzani, Marco Currò Dossi, Alberto Patuelli, Simonetta Morresi, Marco Longoni, Patrizia De Massis, Rita Rinaldi, Annamaria Borghi, ERRALS GROUP, Amedeo Amedei, and Jessica Mandrioli
Subjects: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, epidemiology, population-based registry, incidence, clinical features, genetics, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: Increased incidence rates of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have been recently reported across various Western countries, although geographic and temporal variations in terms of incidence, clinical features and genetics are not fully elucidated. This study aimed to describe demographic, clinical feature and genotype–phenotype correlations of ALS cases over the last decade in the Emilia Romagna Region (ERR). From 2009 to 2019, our prospective population-based registry of ALS in the ERR of Northern Italy recorded 1613 patients receiving a diagnosis of ALS. The age- and sex-adjusted incidence rate was 3.13/100,000 population (M/F ratio: 1.21). The mean age at onset was 67.01 years; women, bulbar and respiratory phenotypes were associated with an older age, while C9orf72-mutated patients were generally younger. After peaking at 70–75 years, incidence rates, among women only, showed a bimodal distribution with a second slight increase after reaching 90 years of age. Familial cases comprised 12%, of which one quarter could be attributed to an ALS-related mutation. More than 70% of C9orf72-expanded patients had a family history of ALS/fronto-temporal dementia (FTD); 22.58% of patients with FTD at diagnosis had C9orf72 expansion (OR 6.34, p = 0.004). In addition to a high ALS incidence suggesting exhaustiveness of case ascertainment, this study highlights interesting phenotype–genotype correlations in the ALS population of ERR.
Published: 2022
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7. The Large ARtery Intracranial Occlusion Stroke Scale: A New Tool With High Accuracy in Predicting Large Vessel Occlusion

Author: Simone Vidale, Marco Arnaboldi, Lara Frangi, Marco Longoni, Gianmario Monza, and Elio Agostoni
Subjects: stroke, pre-hospital scale, large vessel occlusion, thrombolysis, mechanical thrombectomy, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract: Objectives: The combination of systemic thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy is indicated in patients with ischemic stroke due to a large vessel occlusion (LVO) and these treatments are time-dependent. Rapid identification of patients with suspected LVO also in a prehospital setting could influence the choice of the destination hospital. Aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the predictive role of a new stroke scale for LVO, comparing it to other scores.Patients and Methods: All consecutive patients admitted to our comprehensive stroke center with suspected ischemic stroke were studied with a CT angiography and 5 different stroke scales were applied. The Large ARtery Occlusion (LARIO) stroke scale consists of 5 items including the assessment of facial palsy, language alteration, grip and arm weakness, and the presence of neglect. A Receiving Operating Characteristic curve was evaluated for each stroke scale to explore the level of accuracy in LVO prediction.Results: A total of 145 patients were included in the analysis. LVO was detected in 37.2% of patients. The Area Under Curve of the LARIO score was 0.951 (95%CI: 0.902–0.980), similar to NIHSS and higher than other scales. The cut-off score for best performance of the LARIO stroke scale was higher than 3 (positive predictive value: 77% and negative predictive value: 100%).Conclusion: The LARIO stroke scale is a simple tool, showing high accuracy in detecting LVO, even if with some limitations due to some false positive cases. Its efficacy has to be confirmed in a pre-hospital setting and other centers.
Published: 2019
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8. The impact of PM2.5, PM10 and NO2 on Covid-19 severity in a sample of patients with multiple sclerosis: A case-control study

Author: Gianmarco, Abbadessa, Umberto, Aguglia, Lia, Allegorico, Maria, Allegri Rossi Beatrice, Anastasia, Alteno, Pia, Amato Maria, Pietro, Annovazzi, Carlo, Antozzi, Lucia, Appendino, Sebastiano, Arena, Viola, Baione, Roberto, Balgera, Valeria, Barcella, Damiano, Baroncini, Caterina, Barrilà, Mario A, Battaglia, Alessandra, Bellacosa, Gianmarco, Bellucci, Roberto, Bergamaschi, Valeria, Bergamaschi, Daiana, Bezzini, Beatrice, Biolzi, Alvino, Bisecco, Simona, Bonavita, Giovanna, Borriello, Chiara, Bosa, Antonio, Bosco, Francesca, Bovis, Marco, Bozzali, Laura, Brambilla, Vincenzo, Brescia Morra, Giampaolo, Brichetto, Maria, Buccafusca, Elisabetta, Bucciantini, Sebastiano, Bucello, Chiara, Buscarinu Maria, Paola, Cabboi Maria, Massimiliano, Calabrese, Francesca, Calabria, Francesca, Caleri, Federico, Camilli, Maria, Caniatti Luisa, Roberto, Cantello, Marco, Capobianco, Ruggero, Capra, Rocco, Capuano, Luca, Carmisciano, Patrizia, Carta, Paola, Cavalla, Grazia, Celani Maria, Maria, Cellerino, Raffaella, Cerqua, Clara, Chisari, Raffaella, Clerici, Marinella, Clerico, Eleonora, Cocco, Gaia, Cola, Giancarlo, Comi, Paolo, Confalonieri, Antonella, Conte, Zaffira, Conti Marta, Christian, Cordano, Susanna, Cordera, Cinzia, Cordioli, Francesco, Corea, Claudio, Correale, Salvatore, Cottone, Francesco, Crescenzo, Erica, Curti, Alessandro, d'Ambrosio, Emanuele, D'Amico, Chiara, Danni Maura, Alessia, d'Arma, Vincenzo, Dattola, Stefano, de Biase, Giovanna, De Luca, Federica, De Mercanti Stefania, Paolo, De Mitri, Nicola, De Rossi, Nicola, De Stefano, Maria, Della Cava Fabio, Marco, Della Cava, Sonia, Di Lemme, Mario, di Napoli, Alessia, Di Sapio, Renato, Docimo, Anna, Dutto, Luana, Evangelista, Salvatore, Fanara, Roberta, Fantozzi, Diana, Ferraro, Teresa, Ferrò Maria, Massimo, Filippi, Cristina, Fioretti, Mario, Fratta, Jessica, Frau, Marzia, Fronza, Roberto, Furlan, Alberto, Gajofatto, Antonio, Gallo, Paolo, Gallo, Claudio, Gasperini, Anna, Ghazaryan, Bruno, Giometto, Francesca, Gobbin, Flora, Govone, Franco, Granella, Erica, Grange, Grazia, Grasso Maria, Luigi ME, Grimaldi, Angelica, Guareschi, Clara, Guaschino, Simone, Guerrieri, Donata, Guidetti, Barbara, Juergenson Ina, Pietro, Iaffaldano, Antonio, Ianniello, Luigi, Iasevoli, Paolo, Immovilli, Daniele, Imperiale, Teresa, Infante Maria, Matilde, Inglese, Rosa, Iodice, Aniello, Iovino, Giovanna, Konrad, Doriana, Landi, Roberta, Lanzillo, Caterina, Lapucci, Luigi, Lavorgna, Rita, L'Episcopo Maria, Serena, Leva, Giuseppe, Liberatore, Marianna, Lo Re, Marco, Longoni, Leonardo, Lopiano, Lorena, Lorefice, Matteo, Lucchini, Giacomo, Lus, Davide, Maimone, Maria, Malentacchi, Giulia, Mallucci, Simona, Malucchi, Rosa, Mancinelli Chiara, Luca, Mancinelli, Paolo, Manganotti, Teresa, Maniscalco Giorgia, Vittorio, Mantero, Sabrina, Marangoni, Damiano, Marastoni, Alessandra, Marfia Girolama, Fabiana, Marinelli, Alessandro, Marti, Filippo, Martinelli Boneschi, Federco, Masserano Zoli, Francesca, Matta, Laura, Mendozzi, Giuseppe, Meucci, Silvia, Miante, Giuseppina, Miele, Eva, Milano, Massimiliano, Mirabella, Rosanna, Missione, Marcello, Moccia, Lucia, Moiola, Sara, Montepietra, Margherita, MontiBragadin, Federico, Montini, Roberta, Motta, Raffaele, Nardone, Gabri, Nicoletti Carolina, Eduardo, Nobile-Orazio, Agostino, Nozzolillo, Marco, Onofrj, Riccardo, Orlandi, Anna, Palmieri, Damiano, Paolicelli, Livia, Pasquali, Fulvio, Pasquin, Luisa, Pastò, Francesco, Patti, Elisabetta, Pedrazzoli, Paola, Perini, Ilaria, Pesci, Maria, Petracca, Alfredo, Petrone, Carlo, Piantadosi, Anna M, Pietroboni, Federica, Pinardi, Marta, Ponzano, Emilio, Portaccio, Mattia, Pozzato, Carlo, Pozzilli, Luca, Prosperini, Alessandra, Protti, Eugenio, Pucci, Marta, Radaelli, Paolo, Ragonese, Sarah, Rasia, Sabrina, Realmuto, Anna, Repice, Eleonora, Rigoni, Teresa, Rilla Maria, Francesca, Rinaldi, Marcello, Romano Calogero, Marco, Ronzoni, Marco, Rovaris, Francesca, Ruscica, Loredana, Sabattini, Giuseppe, Salemi, Marco, Salvetti, Lorenzo, Saraceno, Alessia, Sartori, Arianna, Sartori, Elvira, Sbragia, Cinzia, Scandellari, Ilaria, Scarano Giuditta, Valentina, Scarano, Irene, Schiavetti, Maria, Sessa, Caterina, Sgarito, Grazia, Sibilia, Gabriele, Siciliano, Alessio, Signori, Elisabetta, Signoriello, Leonardo, Sinisi, Francesca, Sireci, Patrizia, Sola, Claudio, Solaro, Pia, Sormani Maria, Stefano, Sotgiu, Maddalena, Sparaco, Laura, Stromillo Maria, Silvia, Strumia, Laura, Susani Emanuela, Giulietta, Tabiadon, Francesco, Teatini, Gioacchino, Tedeschi, Valentina, Tomassini, Simone, Tonietti, Valentina, Torri Clerici, Carla, Tortorella, Simona, Toscano, Rocco, Totaro, Maria, Trojano, Maria, Trotta, Gabriella, Turano, Monica, Ulivelli, Manzo, Valentino, Giovanna, Vaula, Domizia, Vecchio, Marco, Vercellino, Pinuccia, Verrengia Elena, Marika, Vianello, Eleonora, Virgilio, Francesca, Vitetta, Stefano, Vollaro, Mauro, Zaffaroni, Mauro, Zampolini, Roberto, Zarbo Ignazio, Antonio, Zito, Luigi, Zuliani, Ponzano, Marta, Schiavetti, Irene, Bergamaschi, Roberto, Pisoni, Enrico, Bellavia, Andrea, Mallucci, Giulia, Carmisciano, Luca, Inglese, Matilde, Cordioli, Cinzia, Marfia, Girolama Alessandra, Cocco, Eleonora, Immovilli, Paolo, Pesci, Ilaria, Scandellari, Cinzia, Cavalla, Paola, Radaelli, Marta, Vianello, Marika, Vitetta, Francesca, Montepietra, Sara, Amato, Maria Pia, Fioretti, Cristina, Filippi, Massimo, Sartori, Arianna, Caleri, Francesca, Clerico, Marinella, Gallo, Antonio, Conte, Antonella, Clerici, Raffaella, De Luca, Giovanna, Boneschi, Filippo Martinelli, Cantello, Roberto, Calabrese, Massimiliano, Tortorella, Carla, Rovaris, Marco, Verrengia, Elena Pinuccia, Patti, Francesco, Morra, Vincenzo Brescia, Salvetti, Marco, and Sormani, Maria Pia
Published: 2022
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9. Applying Telemedicine for Stroke Remote Diagnosis: the TeleStroke System.

Author: Angelo Croatti, Marco Longoni, and Sara Montagna
Published: 2021
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10. A Wearable Device for Online and Long-Term ECG Monitoring.

Author: Marco Longoni, Diego Carrera, Beatrice Rossi, Pasqualina Fragneto, Marco Pessione, and Giacomo Boracchi
Published: 2018
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11. Thrombolysis after dabigatran reversal: A nation-wide Italian multicentre study, systematic review and meta-analysis

Author: Michele Romoli, Eleonora Matteo, Ludovica Migliaccio, Mauro Gentile, Maria Giulia Mosconi, Giuseppe Maria Scura, Marcello Naccarato, Enrico Colangeli, Paolo Candelaresi, Vincenzo Andreone, Fabrizio Giammello, Rosa Fortunata Musolino, Cristina Dell’Aera, Federica Nicoletta Sepe, Edoardo Pronello, Leonardo Barbarini, Marcella Caggiula, Federica Rizzo, Marco Petruzzellis, Elisa Giorli, Maria Luisa Zedde, Sabrina Anticoli, Marilena Mangiardi, Mario Muto, Francesco Diana, Maria Vittoria De Angelis, Anna Digiovanni, Letizia Concari, Sara La Gioia, Maria Sessa, Sara Biguzzi, Francesco Cordici, Marco Longoni, Maria Ruggiero, Silvia Cenciarelli, Paolo Eusebi, Simona Sacco, Valeria Caso, Maurizio Paciaroni, Stefano Ricci, Andrea Zini, Danilo Toni, and David Giannandrea
Subjects: Stroke, thrombolysis, thrombectomy, Original Research Articles, Neurology (clinical), antidote, direct oral anticoagulants, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Abstract: Introduction: Recent anticoagulant intake represents a contraindication for thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke. Idarucizumab reverses the anticoagulant effect of dabigatran, potentially allowing for thrombolysis. This nation-wide observational cohort study, systematic review, and meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of thrombolysis preceded by dabigatran-reversal in people with acute ischemic stroke. Patients and methods: We recruited people undergoing thrombolysis following dabigatran-reversal at 17 stroke centers in Italy (reversal-group), people on dabigatran treated with thrombolysis without reversal (no-reversal group), and age, sex, hypertension, stroke severity, and reperfusion treatment-matched controls in 1:7 ratio (control-group). We compared groups for symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH, main outcome), any brain hemorrhage, good functional outcome (mRS 0–2 at 3 months), and death. The systematic review followed a predefined protocol (CRD42017060274), and odds ratio (OR) meta-analysis was implemented to compare groups. Results: Thirty-nine patients in dabigatran-reversal group and 300 matched controls were included. Reversal was associated with a non-significant increase in sICH (10.3% vs 6%, aOR = 1.32, 95% CI = 0.39–4.52), death (17.9% vs 10%, aOR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.12–4.93) and good functional outcome (64.1% vs 52.8%, aOR = 1.41, 95% CI = 0.63–3.19). No hemorrhagic events or deaths were registered in no-reversal group (n = 12). Pooling data from 3 studies after systematic review (n = 1879), reversal carried a non-significant trend for sICH (OR = 1.53, 95% CI = 0.67–3.50), death (OR = 1.53, 95% CI = 0.73–3.24) and good functional outcome (OR = 2.46, 95% CI = 0.85–7.16). Discussion and conclusion: People treated with reperfusion strategies after dabigatran reversal with idarucizumab seem to have a marginal increase in the risk of sICH but comparable functional recovery to matched patients with stroke. Further studies are needed to define treatment cost-effectiveness and potential thresholds in plasma dabigatran concentration for reversal.
Published: 2022
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12. The effect of air pollution on COVID‐19 severity in a sample of patients with multiple sclerosis

Author: Bergamaschi, Roberto, Ponzano, Marta, Schiavetti, Irene, Carmisciano, Luca, Cordioli, Cinzia, Filippi, Massimo, Radaelli, Marta, Immovilli, Paolo, Capobianco, Marco, De Rossi, Nicola, Brichetto, Giampaolo, Cocco, Eleonora, Scandellari, Cinzia, Cavalla, Paola, Pesci, Ilaria, Zito, Antonio, Confalonieri, Paolo, Marfia, Girolama Alessandra, Perini, Paola, Inglese, Matilde, Trojano, Maria, Brescia Morra, Vincenzo, Pisoni, Enrico, Tedeschi, Gioacchino, Comi, Giancarlo, Battaglia, Mario Alberto, Patti, Francesco, Salvetti, Marco, Sormani, Maria Pia, Gianmarco Abbadessa, Umberto Aguglia, Lia Allegorico, Rossi Beatrice Maria Allegri, Anastasia Alteno, Maria Pia Amato, Pietro Annovazzi, Carlo Antozzi, Lucia Appendino, Sebastiano Arena, Viola Baione, Roberto Balgera, Valeria Barcella, Damiano Baroncini, Caterina Barrilà, Mario A Battaglia, Alessandra Bellacosa, Gianmarco Bellucci, Roberto Bergamaschi, Valeria Bergamaschi, Daiana Bezzini, Beatrice Biolzi, Alvino Bisecco, Simona Bonavita, Giovanna Borriello, Chiara Bosa, Antonio Bosco, Francesca Bovis, Marco Bozzali, Laura Brambilla, Morra Vincenzo Brescia, Giampaolo Brichetto, Maria Buccafusca, Elisabetta Bucciantini, Sebastiano Bucello, Maria Chiara Buscarinu, Maria Paola Cabboi, Massimiliano Calabrese, Francesca Calabria, Francesca Caleri, Federico Camilli, Luisa Maria Caniatti, Roberto Cantello, Marco Capobianco, Ruggero Capra, Rocco Capuano, Luca Carmisciano, Patrizia Carta, Paola Cavalla, Maria Grazia Celani, Maria Cellerino, Raffaella Cerqua, Clara Chisari, Raffaella Clerici, Marinella Clerico, Eleonora Cocco, Gaia Cola, Giancarlo Comi, Paolo Confalonieri, Antonella Conte, Marta Zaffira Conti, Christian Cordano, Susanna Cordera, Cinzia Cordioli, Francesco Corea, Claudio Correale, Salvatore Cottone, Francesco Crescenzo, Erica Curti, Alessandro d'Ambrosio, Emanuele D'Amico, Maura Chiara Danni, Alessia d'Arma, Vincenzo Dattola, Stefano de Biase, Giovanna De Luca, Stefania Federica De Mercanti, Paolo De Mitri, Nicola De Rossi, Nicola De Stefano, Cava Marco Della, Mario di Napoli, Alessia Di Sapio, Renato Docimo, Anna Dutto, Luana Evangelista, Salvatore Fanara, Diana Ferraro, Maria Teresa Ferrò, Massimo Filippi, Cristina Fioretti, Mario Fratta, Jessica Frau, Marzia Fronza, Roberto Furlan, Alberto Gajofatto, Antonio Gallo, Paolo Gallo, Claudio Gasperini, Anna Ghazaryan, Bruno Giometto, Francesca Gobbin, Flora Govone, Franco Granella, Erica Grange, Maria Grazia Grasso, Angelica Guareschi, Clara Guaschino, Simone Guerrieri, Donata Guidetti, Pietro Iaffaldano, Antonio Ianniello, Luigi Iasevoli, Paolo Immovilli, Daniele Imperiale, Maria Teresa Infante, Matilde Inglese, Rosa Iodice, Aniello Iovino, Giovanna Konrad, Doriana Landi, Roberta Lanzillo, Caterina Lapucci, Luigi Lavorgna, Maria Rita L'Episcopo, Serena Leva, Giuseppe Liberatore, Re Marianna Lo, Marco Longoni, Leonardo Lopiano, Lorena Lorefice, Matteo Lucchini, Giacomo Lus, Davide Maimone, Maria Malentacchi, Giulia Mallucci, Simona Malucchi, Chiara Rosa Mancinelli, Luca Mancinelli, Paolo Manganotti, Giorgia Teresa Maniscalco, Vittorio Mantero, Sabrina Marangoni, Damiano Marastoni, Girolama Alessandra Marfia, Fabiana Marinelli, Alessandro Marti, Boneschi Filippo Martinelli, Zoli Federco Masserano, Francesca Matta, Laura Mendozzi, Giuseppe Meucci, Silvia Miante, Giuseppina Miele, Eva Milano, Massimiliano Mirabella, Rosanna Missione, Marcello Moccia, Lucia Moiola, Sara Montepietra, Margherita MontiBragadin, Federico Montini, Roberta Motta, Raffaele Nardone, Carolina Gabri Nicoletti, Eduardo Nobile-Orazio, Agostino Nozzolillo, Marco Onofrj, Riccardo Orlandi, Anna Palmieri, Damiano Paolicelli, Livia Pasquali, Luisa Pastò, Francesco Patti, Elisabetta Pedrazzoli, Paola Perini, Ilaria Pesci, Maria Petracca, Alfredo Petrone, Carlo Piantadosi, Anna M Pietroboni, Federica Pinardi, Marta Ponzano, Emilio Portaccio, Mattia Pozzato, Carlo Pozzilli, Luca Prosperini, Alessandra Protti, Marta Radaelli, Paolo Ragonese, Sarah Rasia, Sabrina Realmuto, Anna Repice, Eleonora Rigoni, Maria Teresa Rilla, Francesca Rinaldi, Calogero Marcello Romano, Marco Ronzoni, Marco Rovaris, Francesca Ruscica, Loredana Sabattini, Giuseppe Salemi, Marco Salvetti, Lorenzo Saraceno, Alessia Sartori, Arianna Sartori, Elvira Sbragia, Cinzia Scandellari, Giuditta Ilaria Scarano, Valentina Scarano, Irene Schiavetti, Maria Sessa, Caterina Sgarito, Grazia Sibilia, Gabriele Siciliano, Alessio Signori, Elisabetta Signoriello, Leonardo Sinisi, Francesca Sireci, Patrizia Sola, Claudio Solaro, Maria Pia Sormani, Stefano Sotgiu, Maddalena Sparaco, Maria Laura Stromillo, Silvia Strumia, Emanuela Laura Susani, Giulietta Tabiadon, Francesco Teatini, Gioacchino Tedeschi, Valentina Tomassini, Simone Tonietti, Clerici Valentina Torri, Carla Tortorella, Simona Toscano, Rocco Totaro, Maria Trojano, Maria Trotta, Gabriella Turano, Monica Ulivelli, Manzo Valentino, Giovanna Vaula, Domizia Vecchio, Marco Vercellino, Elena Pinuccia Verrengia, Marika Vianello, Eleonora Virgilio, Francesca Vitetta, Stefano Vollaro, Mauro Zaffaroni, Mauro Zampolini, Ignazio Roberto Zarbo, Antonio Zito, Luigi Zuliani, Bergamaschi, R, Ponzano, M, Schiavetti, I, Carmisciano, L, Cordioli, C, Filippi, M, Radaelli, M, Immovilli, P, Capobianco, M, De Rossi, N, Brichetto, G, Cocco, E, Scandellari, C, Cavalla, P, Pesci, I, Zito, A, Confalonieri, P, Marfia, Ga, Perini, P, Inglese, M, Trojano, M, Brescia Morra, V, Pisoni, E, Tedeschi, G, Comi, G, Battaglia, Ma, Patti, F, Salvetti, M, Sormani, Mp, Abbadessa, Gianmarco, Umberto, Aguglia, Lia, Allegorico, Rossi Beatrice Maria Allegri, Anastasia, Alteno, Maria Pia Amato, Pietro, Annovazzi, Carlo, Antozzi, Lucia, Appendino, Sebastiano, Arena, Viola, Baione, Roberto, Balgera, Valeria, Barcella, Damiano, Baroncini, Caterina, Barrilà, Mario, A Battaglia, Alessandra, Bellacosa, Gianmarco, Bellucci, Roberto, Bergamaschi, Valeria, Bergamaschi, Daiana, Bezzini, Beatrice, Biolzi, Bisecco, Alvino, Bonavita, Simona, Giovanna, Borriello, Chiara, Bosa, Bosco, Antonio, Francesca, Bovi, Marco, Bozzali, Laura, Brambilla, Morra Vincenzo Brescia, Giampaolo, Brichetto, Maria, Buccafusca, Elisabetta, Bucciantini, Sebastiano, Bucello, Maria Chiara Buscarinu, Maria Paola Cabboi, Massimiliano, Calabrese, Francesca, Calabria, Francesca, Caleri, Federico, Camilli, Luisa Maria Caniatti, Roberto, Cantello, Marco, Capobianco, Ruggero, Capra, Capuano, Rocco, Luca, Carmisciano, Patrizia, Carta, Paola, Cavalla, Maria Grazia Celani, Maria, Cellerino, Raffaella, Cerqua, Clara, Chisari, Raffaella, Clerici, Marinella, Clerico, Eleonora, Cocco, Gaia, Cola, Giancarlo, Comi, Paolo, Confalonieri, Antonella, Conte, Marta Zaffira Conti, Christian, Cordano, Susanna, Cordera, Cinzia, Cordioli, Corea, Francesco, Claudio, Correale, Salvatore, Cottone, Francesco, Crescenzo, Erica, Curti, Alessandro, D'Ambrosio, Emanuele, D'Amico, Maura Chiara Danni, Alessia, D'Arma, Vincenzo, Dattola, Stefano de Biase, Giovanna De Luca, Stefania Federica De Mercanti, Paolo De Mitri, Nicola De Rossi, Nicola De Stefano, Cava Marco Della, Mario di Napoli, Alessia Di Sapio, Docimo, Renato, Anna, Dutto, Luana, Evangelista, Salvatore, Fanara, Diana, Ferraro, Maria Teresa Ferrò, Massimo, Filippi, Cristina, Fioretti, Fratta, Mario, Jessica, Frau, Marzia, Fronza, Roberto, Furlan, Alberto, Gajofatto, Gallo, Antonio, Paolo, Gallo, Claudio, Gasperini, Anna, Ghazaryan, Bruno, Giometto, Francesca, Gobbin, Flora, Govone, Franco, Granella, Erica, Grange, Maria Grazia Grasso, Angelica, Guareschi, Clara, Guaschino, Simone, Guerrieri, Donata, Guidetti, Pietro, Iaffaldano, Antonio, Ianniello, Luigi, Iasevoli, Paolo, Immovilli, Daniele, Imperiale, Maria Teresa Infante, Matilde, Inglese, Rosa, Iodice, Aniello, Iovino, Giovanna, Konrad, Doriana, Landi, Roberta, Lanzillo, Caterina, Lapucci, Luigi, Lavorgna, Maria Rita L'Episcopo, Serena, Leva, Giuseppe, Liberatore, Re Marianna Lo, Marco, Longoni, Leonardo, Lopiano, Lorena, Lorefice, Matteo, Lucchini, Lus, Giacomo, Davide, Maimone, Maria, Malentacchi, Giulia, Mallucci, Simona, Malucchi, Chiara Rosa Mancinelli, Luca, Mancinelli, Paolo, Manganotti, Giorgia Teresa Maniscalco, Vittorio, Mantero, Sabrina, Marangoni, Damiano, Marastoni, Girolama Alessandra Marfia, Fabiana, Marinelli, Alessandro, Marti, Boneschi Filippo Martinelli, Zoli Federco Masserano, Francesca, Matta, Laura, Mendozzi, Giuseppe, Meucci, Silvia, Miante, Miele, Giuseppina, Eva, Milano, Massimiliano, Mirabella, Missione, Rosanna, Marcello, Moccia, Lucia, Moiola, Sara, Montepietra, Margherita, Montibragadin, Federico, Montini, Roberta, Motta, Raffaele, Nardone, Carolina Gabri Nicoletti, Eduardo, Nobile-Orazio, Agostino, Nozzolillo, Marco, Onofrj, Riccardo, Orlandi, Palmieri, Anna, Damiano, Paolicelli, Livia, Pasquali, Luisa, Pastò, Francesco, Patti, Elisabetta, Pedrazzoli, Paola, Perini, Ilaria, Pesci, Maria, Petracca, Alfredo, Petrone, Carlo, Piantadosi, Anna, M Pietroboni, Federica, Pinardi, Marta, Ponzano, Emilio, Portaccio, Mattia, Pozzato, Carlo, Pozzilli, Luca, Prosperini, Alessandra, Protti, Marta, Radaelli, Paolo, Ragonese, Sarah, Rasia, Sabrina, Realmuto, Anna, Repice, Eleonora, Rigoni, Maria Teresa Rilla, Francesca, Rinaldi, Calogero Marcello Romano, Marco, Ronzoni, Marco, Rovari, Francesca, Ruscica, Loredana, Sabattini, Giuseppe, Salemi, Marco, Salvetti, Lorenzo, Saraceno, Alessia, Sartori, Arianna, Sartori, Elvira, Sbragia, Cinzia, Scandellari, Giuditta Ilaria Scarano, Valentina, Scarano, Irene, Schiavetti, Maria, Sessa, Caterina, Sgarito, Grazia, Sibilia, Gabriele, Siciliano, Alessio, Signori, Signoriello, Elisabetta, Leonardo, Sinisi, Francesca, Sireci, Patrizia, Sola, Claudio, Solaro, Maria Pia Sormani, Stefano, Sotgiu, Sparaco, Maddalena, Maria Laura Stromillo, Silvia, Strumia, Emanuela Laura Susani, Giulietta, Tabiadon, Francesco, Teatini, Tedeschi, Gioacchino, Valentina, Tomassini, Simone, Tonietti, Clerici Valentina Torri, Carla, Tortorella, Simona, Toscano, Rocco, Totaro, Maria, Trojano, Trotta, Maria Consiglia, Gabriella, Turano, Monica, Ulivelli, Manzo, Valentino, Giovanna, Vaula, Domizia, Vecchio, Marco, Vercellino, Elena Pinuccia Verrengia, Marika, Vianello, Eleonora, Virgilio, Francesca, Vitetta, Stefano, Vollaro, Mauro, Zaffaroni, Mauro, Zampolini, Ignazio Roberto Zarbo, Zito, Guido Antonio, Bergamaschi, R., Ponzano, M., Schiavetti, I., Carmisciano, L., Cordioli, C., Filippi, M., Radaelli, M., Immovilli, P., Capobianco, M., De Rossi, N., Brichetto, G., Cocco, E., Scandellari, C., Cavalla, P., Pesci, I., Zito, A., Confalonieri, P., Marfia, G. A., Perini, P., Inglese, M., Trojano, M., Brescia Morra, V., Pisoni, E., Tedeschi, G., Comi, G., Battaglia, M. A., Patti, F., Salvetti, M., Sormani, M. P., Bergamaschi, Roberto, Ponzano, Marta, Schiavetti, Irene, Carmisciano, Luca, Cordioli, Cinzia, Filippi, Massimo, Radaelli, Marta, Immovilli, Paolo, Capobianco, Marco, De Rossi, Nicola, Brichetto, Giampaolo, Cocco, Eleonora, Scandellari, Cinzia, Cavalla, Paola, Pesci, Ilaria, Zito, Antonio, Confalonieri, Paolo, Marfia, Girolama Alessandra, Perini, Paola, Inglese, Matilde, Trojano, Maria, Brescia Morra, Vincenzo, Pisoni, Enrico, Comi, Giancarlo, Battaglia, Mario Alberto, Patti, Francesco, Salvetti, Marco, Sormani, Maria, Pia, Gianmarco, Abbadessa, Alvino, Bisecco, Simona, Bonavita, Antonio, Bosco, Rocco, Capuano, Francesco, Corea, Renato, Docimo, Mario, Fratta, Antonio, Gallo, Iodice, Rosa, Iovino, Aniello, Lanzillo, Roberta, Giacomo, Lu, Giuseppina, Miele, Rosanna, Missione, Moccia, Marcello, Anna, Palmieri, Elisabetta, Signoriello, Maddalena, Sparaco, Gioacchino, Tedeschi, Maria, Trotta, Antonio, Zito, and Luigi, Zuliani
Subjects: air pollution, coronavirus, multiple sclerosis, medicine.medical_specialty, Multivariate analysis, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Clinical Sciences, Air pollution, Sample (statistics), Neurodegenerative, Settore MED/26, medicine.disease_cause, Autoimmune Disease, law.invention, Sustainable Cities and Communities, Clinical Research, law, Humans, Medicine, Climate-Related Exposures and Conditions, Neurology & Neurosurgery, MuSC-19 study group, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, Multiple sclerosis, Neurosciences, COVID-19, Retrospective cohort study, Original Articles, medicine.disease, Intensive care unit, Particulate Matter, Air Pollution, Multiple Sclerosis, Brain Disorders, coronaviru, Settore MED/26 - NEUROLOGIA, Good Health and Well Being, Neurology, multiple sclerosi, Emergency medicine, Original Article, Neurology (clinical), Ordered logit, business, Human
Abstract: Background and purpose Some studies have shown that air pollution, often assessed by thin particulate matter with diameter below 2.5 µg/m3 (PM2.5), may contribute to severe COVID‐19 courses, as well as play a role in the onset and evolution of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the impact of air pollution on COVID‐19 has never been explored specifically amongst patients with MS (PwMS). This retrospective observational study aims to explore associations between PM2.5 and COVID‐19 severity amongst PwMS. Methods Data were retrieved from an Italian web‐based platform (MuSC‐19) which includes PwMS with COVID‐19. PM2.5 2016–2018 average concentrations were provided by the Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring Service. Italian patients inserted in the platform from 15 January 2020 to 9 April 2021 with a COVID‐19 positive test were included. Ordered logistic regression models were used to study associations between PM2.5 and COVID‐19 severity. Results In all, 1087 patients, of whom 13% required hospitalization and 2% were admitted to an intensive care unit or died, were included. Based on the multivariate analysis, higher concentrations of PM2.5 increased the risk of worse COVID‐19 course (odds ratio 1.90; p = 0.009). Conclusions Even if several other factors explain the unfavourable course of COVID‐19 in PwMS, the role of air pollutants must be considered and further investigated., Air pollution, often assessed by particulate matter with diameter below 2.5 µg/m3, may contribute to severe COVID‐19 courses. 1087 patients were included, of whom 13% required hospitalization and 2% were admitted to an intensive care unit or died. Even if several other factors explain the unfavourable course of COVID‐19 in patients with multiple sclerosis, the role of air pollutants must be considered and further investigated.
Published: 2021
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13. Insight into Elderly ALS Patients in the Emilia Romagna Region: Epidemiological and Clinical Features of Late-Onset ALS in a Prospective, Population-Based Study

Author: Mandrioli, Giulia Gianferrari, Ilaria Martinelli, Cecilia Simonini, Elisabetta Zucchi, Nicola Fini, Maria Caputo, Andrea Ghezzi, Annalisa Gessani, Elena Canali, Mario Casmiro, Patrizia De Massis, Marco Curro’ Dossi, Silvia De Pasqua, Rocco Liguori, Marco Longoni, Doriana Medici, Simonetta Morresi, Alberto Patuelli, Maura Pugliatti, Mario Santangelo, Elisabetta Sette, Filippo Stragliati, Emilio Terlizzi, Veria Vacchiano, Lucia Zinno, Salvatore Ferro, Amedeo Amedei, Tommaso Filippini, Marco Vinceti, ERRALS GROUP ERRALS GROUP, and Jessica
Subjects: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, elderly ALS, epidemiology, phenotype, prognosis, survival
Abstract: Few studies have focused on elderly (>80 years) amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients, who represent a fragile subgroup generally not included in clinical trials and often neglected because they are more difficult to diagnose and manage. We analyzed the clinical and genetic features of very late-onset ALS patients through a prospective, population-based study in the Emilia Romagna Region of Italy. From 2009 to 2019, 222 (13.76%) out of 1613 patients in incident cases were over 80 years old at diagnosis, with a female predominance (F:M = 1.18). Elderly ALS patients represented 12.02% of patients before 2015 and 15.91% from 2015 onwards (p = 0.024). This group presented with bulbar onset in 38.29% of cases and had worse clinical conditions at diagnosis compared to younger patients, with a lower average BMI (23.12 vs. 24.57 Kg/m2), a higher progression rate (1.43 vs. 0.95 points/month), and a shorter length of survival (a median of 20.77 vs. 36 months). For this subgroup, genetic analyses have seldom been carried out (25% vs. 39.11%) and are generally negative. Finally, elderly patients underwent less frequent nutritional- and respiratory-supporting procedures, and multidisciplinary teams were less involved at follow-up, except for specialist palliative care. The genotypic and phenotypic features of elderly ALS patients could help identify the different environmental and genetic risk factors that determine the age at which disease onset occurs. Since multidisciplinary management can improve a patient’s prognosis, it should be more extensively applied to this fragile group of patients.
Published: 2023
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14. Anti-LGI1 encephalitis following COVID-19 vaccination: a case series

Author: Gian Maria Asioli, Lorenzo Muccioli, Valentina Barone, Sebastiano Giacomozzi, Simone Rossi, Tania Silvestri, Luca Spinardi, Vincenzo Mastrangelo, Giorgia Bernabè, Chiara Leta, Mariachiara Brutto, Chiara Faggiano, Rocco Liguori, Francesca Bisulli, Marco Longoni, Paolo Tinuper, Maria Guarino, and Pietro Cortelli
Subjects: COVID-19 Vaccines, Neurology, Limbic Encephalitis, Vaccination, COVID-19, Encephalitis, Humans, Neurology (clinical), Autoantibodies
Published: 2022
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15. The impact of PM2.5, PM10 and NO2 on Covid-19 severity in a sample of patients with multiple sclerosis: A case-control study

Author: Ponzano, Marta, primary, Schiavetti, Irene, additional, Bergamaschi, Roberto, additional, Pisoni, Enrico, additional, Bellavia, Andrea, additional, Mallucci, Giulia, additional, Carmisciano, Luca, additional, Inglese, Matilde, additional, Cordioli, Cinzia, additional, Marfia, Girolama Alessandra, additional, Cocco, Eleonora, additional, Immovilli, Paolo, additional, Pesci, Ilaria, additional, Scandellari, Cinzia, additional, Cavalla, Paola, additional, Radaelli, Marta, additional, Vianello, Marika, additional, Vitetta, Francesca, additional, Montepietra, Sara, additional, Amato, Maria Pia, additional, Fioretti, Cristina, additional, Filippi, Massimo, additional, Sartori, Arianna, additional, Caleri, Francesca, additional, Clerico, Marinella, additional, Gallo, Antonio, additional, Conte, Antonella, additional, Clerici, Raffaella, additional, De Luca, Giovanna, additional, Boneschi, Filippo Martinelli, additional, Cantello, Roberto, additional, Calabrese, Massimiliano, additional, Tortorella, Carla, additional, Rovaris, Marco, additional, Verrengia, Elena Pinuccia, additional, Patti, Francesco, additional, Morra, Vincenzo Brescia, additional, Salvetti, Marco, additional, Sormani, Maria Pia, additional, Gianmarco, Abbadessa, additional, Umberto, Aguglia, additional, Lia, Allegorico, additional, Maria, Allegri Rossi Beatrice, additional, Anastasia, Alteno, additional, Pia, Amato Maria, additional, Pietro, Annovazzi, additional, Carlo, Antozzi, additional, Lucia, Appendino, additional, Sebastiano, Arena, additional, Viola, Baione, additional, Roberto, Balgera, additional, Valeria, Barcella, additional, Damiano, Baroncini, additional, Caterina, Barrilà, additional, Mario A, Battaglia, additional, Alessandra, Bellacosa, additional, Gianmarco, Bellucci, additional, Roberto, Bergamaschi, additional, Valeria, Bergamaschi, additional, Daiana, Bezzini, additional, Beatrice, Biolzi, additional, Alvino, Bisecco, additional, Simona, Bonavita, additional, Giovanna, Borriello, additional, Chiara, Bosa, additional, Antonio, Bosco, additional, Francesca, Bovis, additional, Marco, Bozzali, additional, Laura, Brambilla, additional, Vincenzo, Brescia Morra, additional, Giampaolo, Brichetto, additional, Maria, Buccafusca, additional, Elisabetta, Bucciantini, additional, Sebastiano, Bucello, additional, Chiara, Buscarinu Maria, additional, Paola, Cabboi Maria, additional, Massimiliano, Calabrese, additional, Francesca, Calabria, additional, Francesca, Caleri, additional, Federico, Camilli, additional, Maria, Caniatti Luisa, additional, Roberto, Cantello, additional, Marco, Capobianco, additional, Ruggero, Capra, additional, Rocco, Capuano, additional, Luca, Carmisciano, additional, Patrizia, Carta, additional, Paola, Cavalla, additional, Grazia, Celani Maria, additional, Maria, Cellerino, additional, Raffaella, Cerqua, additional, Clara, Chisari, additional, Raffaella, Clerici, additional, Marinella, Clerico, additional, Eleonora, Cocco, additional, Gaia, Cola, additional, Giancarlo, Comi, additional, Paolo, Confalonieri, additional, Antonella, Conte, additional, Zaffira, Conti Marta, additional, Christian, Cordano, additional, Susanna, Cordera, additional, Cinzia, Cordioli, additional, Francesco, Corea, additional, Claudio, Correale, additional, Salvatore, Cottone, additional, Francesco, Crescenzo, additional, Erica, Curti, additional, Alessandro, d'Ambrosio, additional, Emanuele, D'Amico, additional, Chiara, Danni Maura, additional, Alessia, d'Arma, additional, Vincenzo, Dattola, additional, Stefano, de Biase, additional, Giovanna, De Luca, additional, Federica, De Mercanti Stefania, additional, Paolo, De Mitri, additional, Nicola, De Rossi, additional, Nicola, De Stefano, additional, Maria, Della Cava Fabio, additional, Marco, Della Cava, additional, Sonia, Di Lemme, additional, Mario, di Napoli, additional, Alessia, Di Sapio, additional, Renato, Docimo, additional, Anna, Dutto, additional, Luana, Evangelista, additional, Salvatore, Fanara, additional, Roberta, Fantozzi, additional, Diana, Ferraro, additional, Teresa, Ferrò Maria, additional, Massimo, Filippi, additional, Cristina, Fioretti, additional, Mario, Fratta, additional, Jessica, Frau, additional, Marzia, Fronza, additional, Roberto, Furlan, additional, Alberto, Gajofatto, additional, Antonio, Gallo, additional, Paolo, Gallo, additional, Claudio, Gasperini, additional, Anna, Ghazaryan, additional, Bruno, Giometto, additional, Francesca, Gobbin, additional, Flora, Govone, additional, Franco, Granella, additional, Erica, Grange, additional, Grazia, Grasso Maria, additional, Luigi ME, Grimaldi, additional, Angelica, Guareschi, additional, Clara, Guaschino, additional, Simone, Guerrieri, additional, Donata, Guidetti, additional, Barbara, Juergenson Ina, additional, Pietro, Iaffaldano, additional, Antonio, Ianniello, additional, Luigi, Iasevoli, additional, Paolo, Immovilli, additional, Daniele, Imperiale, additional, Teresa, Infante Maria, additional, Matilde, Inglese, additional, Rosa, Iodice, additional, Aniello, Iovino, additional, Giovanna, Konrad, additional, Doriana, Landi, additional, Roberta, Lanzillo, additional, Caterina, Lapucci, additional, Luigi, Lavorgna, additional, Rita, L'Episcopo Maria, additional, Serena, Leva, additional, Giuseppe, Liberatore, additional, Marianna, Lo Re, additional, Marco, Longoni, additional, Leonardo, Lopiano, additional, Lorena, Lorefice, additional, Matteo, Lucchini, additional, Giacomo, Lus, additional, Davide, Maimone, additional, Maria, Malentacchi, additional, Giulia, Mallucci, additional, Simona, Malucchi, additional, Rosa, Mancinelli Chiara, additional, Luca, Mancinelli, additional, Paolo, Manganotti, additional, Teresa, Maniscalco Giorgia, additional, Vittorio, Mantero, additional, Sabrina, Marangoni, additional, Damiano, Marastoni, additional, Alessandra, Marfia Girolama, additional, Fabiana, Marinelli, additional, Alessandro, Marti, additional, Filippo, Martinelli Boneschi, additional, Federco, Masserano Zoli, additional, Francesca, Matta, additional, Laura, Mendozzi, additional, Giuseppe, Meucci, additional, Silvia, Miante, additional, Giuseppina, Miele, additional, Eva, Milano, additional, Massimiliano, Mirabella, additional, Rosanna, Missione, additional, Marcello, Moccia, additional, Lucia, Moiola, additional, Sara, Montepietra, additional, Margherita, MontiBragadin, additional, Federico, Montini, additional, Roberta, Motta, additional, Raffaele, Nardone, additional, Gabri, Nicoletti Carolina, additional, Eduardo, Nobile-Orazio, additional, Agostino, Nozzolillo, additional, Marco, Onofrj, additional, Riccardo, Orlandi, additional, Anna, Palmieri, additional, Damiano, Paolicelli, additional, Livia, Pasquali, additional, Fulvio, Pasquin, additional, Luisa, Pastò, additional, Francesco, Patti, additional, Elisabetta, Pedrazzoli, additional, Paola, Perini, additional, Ilaria, Pesci, additional, Maria, Petracca, additional, Alfredo, Petrone, additional, Carlo, Piantadosi, additional, Anna M, Pietroboni, additional, Federica, Pinardi, additional, Marta, Ponzano, additional, Emilio, Portaccio, additional, Mattia, Pozzato, additional, Carlo, Pozzilli, additional, Luca, Prosperini, additional, Alessandra, Protti, additional, Eugenio, Pucci, additional, Marta, Radaelli, additional, Paolo, Ragonese, additional, Sarah, Rasia, additional, Sabrina, Realmuto, additional, Anna, Repice, additional, Eleonora, Rigoni, additional, Teresa, Rilla Maria, additional, Francesca, Rinaldi, additional, Marcello, Romano Calogero, additional, Marco, Ronzoni, additional, Marco, Rovaris, additional, Francesca, Ruscica, additional, Loredana, Sabattini, additional, Giuseppe, Salemi, additional, Marco, Salvetti, additional, Lorenzo, Saraceno, additional, Alessia, Sartori, additional, Arianna, Sartori, additional, Elvira, Sbragia, additional, Cinzia, Scandellari, additional, Ilaria, Scarano Giuditta, additional, Valentina, Scarano, additional, Irene, Schiavetti, additional, Maria, Sessa, additional, Caterina, Sgarito, additional, Grazia, Sibilia, additional, Gabriele, Siciliano, additional, Alessio, Signori, additional, Elisabetta, Signoriello, additional, Leonardo, Sinisi, additional, Francesca, Sireci, additional, Patrizia, Sola, additional, Claudio, Solaro, additional, Pia, Sormani Maria, additional, Stefano, Sotgiu, additional, Maddalena, Sparaco, additional, Laura, Stromillo Maria, additional, Silvia, Strumia, additional, Laura, Susani Emanuela, additional, Giulietta, Tabiadon, additional, Francesco, Teatini, additional, Gioacchino, Tedeschi, additional, Valentina, Tomassini, additional, Simone, Tonietti, additional, Valentina, Torri Clerici, additional, Carla, Tortorella, additional, Simona, Toscano, additional, Rocco, Totaro, additional, Maria, Trojano, additional, Maria, Trotta, additional, Gabriella, Turano, additional, Monica, Ulivelli, additional, Manzo, Valentino, additional, Giovanna, Vaula, additional, Domizia, Vecchio, additional, Marco, Vercellino, additional, Pinuccia, Verrengia Elena, additional, Marika, Vianello, additional, Eleonora, Virgilio, additional, Francesca, Vitetta, additional, Stefano, Vollaro, additional, Mauro, Zaffaroni, additional, Mauro, Zampolini, additional, Roberto, Zarbo Ignazio, additional, Antonio, Zito, additional, and Luigi, Zuliani, additional
Published: 2022
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16. Sex differences in outcome after thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke. A propensity score-matched study

Author: Ilaria, Casetta, Enrico, Fainardi, Giovanni, Pracucci, Valentina, Saia, Fabrizio, Sallustio, Valerio, da Ros, Sergio, Nappini, Patrizia, Nencini, Guido, Bigliardi, Sergio, Vinci, Francesco, Grillo, Sandra, Bracco, Rossana, Tassi, Mauro, Bergui, Paolo, Cerrato, Andrea, Saletti, Alessandro, De Vito, Roberto, Gasparotti, Mauro, Magoni, Luigi, Simonetti, Andrea, Zini, Maria, Ruggiero, Marco, Longoni, Lucio, Castellan, Laura, Malfatto, Paola, Castellini, Mirco, Cosottini, Alessio, Comai, Enrica, Franchini, Emilio, Lozupone, Giacomo, Della Marca, Edoardo, Puglielli, Alfonsina, Casalena, Claudio, Baracchini, Daniele, Savio, Enrica, Duc, Giuseppe, Ricciardi, Manuel, Cappellari, Luigi, Chiumarulo, Marco, Petruzzellis, Anna, Cavallini, Nicola, Cavasin, Adriana, Critelli, Nicola, Burdi, Giovanni, Boero, Andrea, Giorgianni, Maurizio, Versino, Francesco, Biraschi, Ettore, Nicolini, Simone, Comelli, Maurizio, Melis, Riccardo, Padolecchia, Tiziana, Tassinari, Nunzio, Paolo Nuzzi, Simona, Marcheselli, Simona, Sacco, Paolo, Invernizzi, Ivan, Gallesio, Delfina, Ferrandi, Maria, Fancello, Maria, Valeria Saddi, Monia, Russo, Aldo, Pischedda, Antonio, Baule, Marina, Mannino, Francesco, Florio, Vincenzo, Inchingolo, Maria, Elena Flacco, Daniele, Romano, Umberto, Silvagni, Domenico, Inzitari, Salvatore, Mangiafico, and Danilo, Toni
Subjects: Ischemic stroke, thrombectomy, Original Research Articles, sex, Neurology (clinical), Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, NO, Ischemic stroke, thrombectomy, sex
Abstract: Background and purpose We sought to investigate whether there are gender differences in clinical outcome after stroke due to large vessel occlusion (LVO) after mechanical thrombectomy (EVT) in a large population of real-world patients. Methods From the Italian Registry of Endovascular Thrombectomy, we extracted clinical and outcome data of patients treated for stroke due to large vessel occlusion. We compared clinical and safety outcomes in men and women who underwent EVT alone or in combination with intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in the total population and in a Propensity Score matched set. Results Among 3422 patients included in the study, 1801 (52.6%) were women. Despite older age at onset (mean 72.4 vs 68.7; p Conclusions Subject to the limitations of a non-randomized comparison, women with stroke due to LVO treated with mechanical thrombectomy had a better chance to achieve complete recanalization, and 3-month functional independence than men. The results could be driven by women who underwent combined treatment.
Published: 2022

17. Identifying and predicting amyotrophic lateral sclerosis clinical subgroups: a population-based machine-learning study

Author: Faraz Faghri, Fabian Brunn, Anant Dadu, Elisabetta Zucchi, Ilaria Martinelli, Letizia Mazzini, Rosario Vasta, Antonio Canosa, Cristina Moglia, Andrea Calvo, Michael A Nalls, Roy H Campbell, Jessica Mandrioli, Bryan J Traynor, Adriano Chiò, Umberto Manera, Francesca Palumbo, Alessandro Bombaci, Maurizio Grassano, Maura Brunetti, Federico Casale, Giuseppe Fuda, Paolina Salamone, Barbara Iazzolino, Laura Peotta, Paolo Cugnasco, Giovanni De Marco, Maria Claudia Torrieri, Salvatore Gallone, Marco Barberis, Luca Sbaiz, Salvatore Gentile, Alessandro Mauro, Fabiola De Marchi, Lucia Corrado, Sandra D'Alfonso, Antonio Bertolotto, Daniele Imperiale, Marco De Mattei, Salvatore Amarù, Cristoforo Comi, Carmelo Labate, Fabio Poglio, Luigi Ruiz, Lucia Testa, Eugenia Rota, Paolo Ghiglione, Nicola Launaro, Alessia Di Sapio, Nicola Fini, Giulia Gianferrari, Cecilia Simonini, Stefano Meletti, Rocco Liguori, Veria Vacchiano, Fabrizio Salvi, Ilaria Bartolomei, Roberto Michelucci, Pietro Cortelli, Rita Rinaldi, Anna Maria Borghi, Andrea Zini, Elisabetta Sette, Valeria Tugnoli, Maura Pugliatti, Elena Canali, Luca Codeluppi, Franco Valzania, Lucia Zinno, Giovanni Pavesi, Doriana Medici, Giovanna Pilurzi, Emilio Terlizzi, Donata Guidetti, Silvia De Pasqua, Mario Santangelo, Patrizia De Massis, Martina Bracaglia, Mario Casmiro, Pietro Querzani, Simonetta Morresi, Marco Longoni, Alberto Patuelli, Susanna Malagù, Marco Currò Dossi, Simone Vidale, Salvatore Ferro, Faghri F., Brunn F., Dadu A., Chio A., Calvo A., Moglia C., Canosa A., Manera U., Vasta R., Palumbo F., Bombaci A., Grassano M., Brunetti M., Casale F., Fuda G., Salamone P., Iazzolino B., Peotta L., Cugnasco P., De Marco G., Torrieri M.C., Gallone S., Barberis M., Sbaiz L., Gentile S., Mauro A., Mazzini L., De Marchi F., Corrado L., D'Alfonso S., Bertolotto A., Imperiale D., De Mattei M., Amaru S., Comi C., Labate C., Poglio F., Ruiz L., Testa L., Rota E., Ghiglione P., Launaro N., Di Sapio A., Mandrioli J., Fini N., Martinelli I., Zucchi E., Gianferrari G., Simonini C., Meletti S., Liguori R., Vacchiano V., Salvi F., Bartolomei I., Michelucci R., Cortelli P., Rinaldi R., Borghi A.M., Zini A., Sette E., Tugnoli V., Pugliatti M., Canali E., Codeluppi L., Valzania F., Zinno L., Pavesi G., Medici D., Pilurzi G., Terlizzi E., Guidetti D., De Pasqua S., Santangelo M., De Massis P., Bracaglia M., Casmiro M., Querzani P., Morresi S., Longoni M., Patuelli A., Malagu S., Curro Dossi M., Vidale S., Ferro S., Nalls M.A., Campbell R.H., and Traynor B.J.
Subjects: Cohort Studies, Machine Learning, Health Information Management, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Medicine (miscellaneous), Cluster Analysis, Humans, Decision Sciences (miscellaneous), Health Informatics, ALS, population based study, Article, United States, Retrospective Studies
Abstract: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is known to represent a collection of overlapping syndromes. Various classification systems based on empirical observations have been proposed, but it is unclear to what extent they reflect ALS population substructures. We aimed to use machine-learning techniques to identify the number and nature of ALS subtypes to obtain a better understanding of this heterogeneity, enhance our understanding of the disease, and improve clinical care.In this retrospective study, we applied unsupervised Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection [UMAP]) modelling, semi-supervised (neural network UMAP) modelling, and supervised (ensemble learning based on LightGBM) modelling to a population-based discovery cohort of patients who were diagnosed with ALS while living in the Piedmont and Valle d'Aosta regions of Italy, for whom detailed clinical data, such as age at symptom onset, were available. We excluded patients with missing Revised ALS Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS-R) feature values from the unsupervised and semi-supervised steps. We replicated our findings in an independent population-based cohort of patients who were diagnosed with ALS while living in the Emilia Romagna region of Italy.Between Jan 1, 1995, and Dec 31, 2015, 2858 patients were entered in the discovery cohort. After excluding 497 (17%) patients with missing ALSFRS-R feature values, data for 42 clinical features across 2361 (83%) patients were available for the unsupervised and semi-supervised analysis. We found that semi-supervised machine learning produced the optimum clustering of the patients with ALS. These clusters roughly corresponded to the six clinical subtypes defined by the Chiò classification system (ie, bulbar, respiratory, flail arm, classical, pyramidal, and flail leg ALS). Between Jan 1, 2009, and March 1, 2018, 1097 patients were entered in the replication cohort. After excluding 108 (10%) patients with missing ALSFRS-R feature values, data for 42 clinical features across 989 patients were available for the unsupervised and semi-supervised analysis. All 1097 patients were included in the supervised analysis. The same clusters were identified in the replication cohort. By contrast, other ALS classification schemes, such as the El Escorial categories, Milano-Torino clinical staging, and King's clinical stages, did not adequately label the clusters. Supervised learning identified 11 clinical parameters that predicted ALS clinical subtypes with high accuracy (area under the curve 0·982 [95% CI 0·980-0·983]).Our data-driven study provides insight into the ALS population substructure and confirms that the Chiò classification system successfully identifies ALS subtypes. Additional validation is required to determine the accuracy and clinical use of these algorithms in assigning clinical subtypes. Nevertheless, our algorithms offer a broad insight into the clinical heterogeneity of ALS and help to determine the actual subtypes of disease that exist within this fatal neurodegenerative syndrome. The systematic identification of ALS subtypes will improve clinical care and clinical trial design.US National Institute on Aging, US National Institutes of Health, Italian Ministry of Health, European Commission, University of Torino Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neurosciences, Emilia Romagna Regional Health Authority, and Italian Ministry of Education, University, and Research.For the Italian and German translations of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
Published: 2022

18. Drip-and-ship toward mothership model for mechanical thrombectomy during COVID-19 pandemic: a retrospective analysis

Author: Matteo Paolucci, Sara Biguzzi, Francesco Cordici, Michele Romoli, Mattia Altini, Vanni Agnoletti, Andrea Fabbri, Raffaella Francesconi, Maurizio Menarini, Tiziana Perin, Maria Ruggiero, and Marco Longoni
Subjects: Fibrinolytic therapy, Psychiatry and Mental health, Stroke network model, Neurology (clinical), Dermatology, General Medicine, Covid-19, Thrombolysis, Thrombectomy
Abstract: Introduction During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in spring 2020, our stroke network shifted from a drip-and-ship strategy (transport of acute ischemic stroke patients to the nearest primary stroke centers) toward a mothership model (direct transportation to the Comprehensive Stroke Center). We retrospectively analyzed stroke network performances comparing the two models. Patients and methods All spoke-district patients treated with endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) between 15th March–15th June 2019 (drip-and-ship) and 2020 (mothership) were considered. We compared onset-to-groin time (OGT) and onset-to-needle time (ONT) between the two periods. Secondarily, we investigated other performances parameters (percentage of IV thrombolysis, timing of diagnostic and treatment) and clinical outcome (3-month modified Rankin Scale). Results Twenty-four spoke-district patients in 2019 (drip-and-ship) and 26 in 2020 (mothership) underwent EVT. The groups did not differ for age, sex, risk factors, pre-stroke mRS 0–1, NIHSS, and ASPECTS distribution. The MS model showed a significant decrease of the OGT (162.5 min vs 269 min, p = 0.001) without significantly affecting the ONT (140.5 min vs 136 min, p = 0.853), ensuring a higher number of IV thrombolysis in combination with EVT (p = 0.030). The mothership model showed longer call-to-door time (median + 23 min, p
Published: 2021

19. The Genetic Landscape of Patent Foramen Ovale: A Systematic Review

Author: Matteo Paolucci, Chiara Vincenzi, Michele Romoli, Giulia Amico, Isabella Ceccherini, Simona Lattanzi, Anna Bersano, Marco Longoni, Simona Sacco, Fabrizio Vernieri, Rosario Pascarella, Franco Valzania, and Marialuisa Zedde
Subjects: Atrial Septal Defects, Congenital Heart Defects, Paradoxical embolism, Foramen Ovale, Patent, paradoxical embolism, Review, QH426-470, GATA4 Transcription Factor, Risk Factors, Genetics, cardiovascular system, Homeobox Protein Nkx-2.5, Animals, Humans, Genetics (clinical)
Abstract: Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO) is a common postnatal defect of cardiac atrial septation. A certain degree of familial aggregation has been reported. Animal studies suggest the involvement of the Notch pathway and other cardiac transcription factors (GATA4, TBX20, NKX2-5) in Foramen Ovale closure. This review evaluates the contribution of genetic alterations in PFO development. We systematically reviewed studies that assessed rare and common variants in subjects with PFO. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO and followed MOOSE guidelines. We systematically searched English studies reporting rates of variants in PFO subjects until the 30th of June 2021. Among 1231 studies, we included four studies: two of them assessed the NKX2-5 gene, the remaining reported variants of chromosome 4q25 and the GATA4 S377G variant, respectively. We did not find any variant associated with PFO, except for the rs2200733 variant of chromosome 4q25 in atrial fibrillation patients. Despite the scarceness of evidence so far, animal studies and other studies that did not fulfil the criteria to be included in the review indicate a robust genetic background in PFO. More research is needed on the genetic determinants of PFO.
Published: 2021

20. Leading symptoms in cerebrovascular diseases: what about headache?

Author: Susanna Diamanti, Marco Longoni, and Elio Agostoni
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Headache Disorders, Primary, Neurology, Vertebral artery dissection, Dermatology, Diagnosis, Differential, Carotid artery dissection, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome, Thunderclap headaches, Vertebral Artery Dissection, business.industry, Cluster headache, Headache, General Medicine, Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, medicine.disease, Thrombosis, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Psychiatry and Mental health, Migraine, Cardiology, Neurology (clinical), business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Headache is a milestone in cerebrovascular disorders; indeed, it may represent the only symptom at onset or predominates over the other neurological features. Unfortunately, headache associated with cerebrovascular diseases lacks clear-cut characteristics as it may resemble a migraine attack, tension-type headache, or cluster headache; pain localization is also misleading along with drug (analgesic) response. However, in this review, we have analyzed and described the most common patterns of headache for different vascular disorders: it is known that headache due to subarachnoid aneurysmal hemorrhage presents peculiar characteristics (thunderclap, acute presentation, and high intensity), whereas in cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome, the short duration and the relapsing-remitting course of the thunderclap headache are key points for the diagnosis; in cervicocerebral artery, dissection pain is most commonly ipsilateral to the dissected vessel and is mainly perceived in the temporal area in case of carotid artery dissection and in the occipital area in case of vertebral artery dissection; in cerebral venous thrombosis, pain is often acute or subacute and severe; unfortunately, it may resemble a typical migraine attack or a tension-type episode; by the contrary, in primary angiitis of the central nervous system, pain is always subacute or chronic with mild-to-moderate intensity; finally, in brain arteriovenous shunts such as malformation or fistula, pain is more frequently a clue for disease complication such as hemorrhage from the malformation or thrombosis of the draining vein.
Published: 2019
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21. Fulminant case of multiple sclerosis (marburg variant) with atypical MRI presentation

Author: Daniela Bartolini, Luca Mancinelli, Manila Antonelli, Maria Lia Cataldi, Marco Longoni, Yerma Bartolini, Chiara Bomprezzi, Francesca Gianno, Maria Ruggiero, and Alessia Tomassini
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Fulminant, Multiple sclerosis, Medicine, Presentation (obstetrics), business, medicine.disease, Dermatology
Abstract: Marburg type is a rare variant of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) characterized by a severe and progressive course/evolution leading to exitus in few months. Its radiological presentation commonly raises suspicion of a malignancy, often requiring a brain biopsy for histological confirmation. Hereby we report an atypical radiological presentation and progression of a pathologically confirmed case of Marburg MS Keywords: Multiple Sclerosis; Marburg variant; Magnetic resonance imaging.
Published: 2021
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22. SARS-CoV-2 serology after COVID-19 in multiple sclerosis: An international cohort study

Author: Maria Pia Sormani, Irene Schiavetti, Doriana Landi, Luca Carmisciano, Nicola De Rossi, Cinzia Cordioli, Lucia Moiola, Marta Radaelli, Paolo Immovilli, Marco Capobianco, Vincenzo Brescia Morra, Maria Trojano, Gioacchino Tedeschi, Giancarlo Comi, Mario Alberto Battaglia, Francesco Patti, Yara Dadalti Fragoso, Sedat Sen, Aksel Siva, Roberto Furlan, Marco Salvetti, Gianmarco Abbadessa, Umberto Aguglia, Lia Allegorico, Rossi Beatrice Maria Allegri, Maria Pia Amato, Pietro Annovazzi, Carlo Antozzi, Lucia Appendino, Sebastiano Arena, Viola Baione, Roberto Balgera, Valeria Barcella, Damiano Baroncini, Caterina Barrilà, Mario A. Battaglia, Alessandra Bellacosa, Gianmarco Bellucci, Roberto Bergamaschi, Valeria Bergamaschi, Daiana Bezzini, Beatrice Biolzi, Alvino Bisecco, Simona Bonavita, Giovanna Borriello, Chiara Bosa, Antonio Bosco, Francesca Bovis, Marco Bozzali, Laura Brambilla, Morra Vincenzo Brescia, Giampaolo Brichetto, Maria Buccafusca, Elisabetta Bucciantini, Sebastiano Bucello, Maria Chiara Buscarinu, Maria Paola Cabboi, Massimiliano Calabrese, Francesca Calabria, Francesca Caleri, Federico Camilli, Luisa Maria Caniatti, Roberto Cantello, Ruggero Capra, Rocco Capuano, Patrizia Carta, Paola Cavalla, Maria Grazia Celani, Maria Cellerino, Raffaella Cerqua, Clara Chisari, Raffaella Clerici, Marinella Clerico, Eleonora Cocco, Gaia Cola, Paolo Confalonieri, Antonella Conte, Marta Zaffira Conti, Christian Cordano, Susanna Cordera, Francesco Corea, Claudio Correale, Salvatore Cottone, Francesco Crescenzo, Erica Curti, Alessandro d’Ambrosio, Emanuele D’Amico, Maura Chiara Danni, Alessia d’Arma, Vincenzo Dattola, Stefano de Biase, Giovanna De Luca, Stefania Federica De Mercanti, Paolo De Mitri, Nicola De Stefano, Marco Della Cava, Mario di Napoli, Alessia Di Sapio, Renato Docimo, Anna Dutto, Luana Evangelista, Salvatore Fanara, Diana Ferraro, Maria Teresa Ferrò, Massimo Filippi, Cristina Fioretti, Mario Fratta, Jessica Frau, Marzia Fronza, Alberto Gajofatto, Antonio Gallo, Paolo Gallo, Claudio Gasperini, Anna Ghazaryan, Bruno Giometto, Francesca Gobbin, Flora Govone, Franco Granella, Erica Grange, Maria Grazia Grasso, Angelica Guareschi, Clara Guaschino, Simone Guerrieri, Donata Guidetti, Pietro Iaffaldano, Antonio Ianniello, Luigi Iasevoli, Daniele Imperiale, Maria Teresa Infante, Matilde Inglese, Rosa Iodice, Aniello Iovino, Giovanna Konrad, Roberta Lanzillo, Caterina Lapucci, Luigi Lavorgna, Rita L’Episcopo Maria, Serena Leva, Giuseppe Liberatore, Marianna Lo Re, Marco Longoni, Leonardo Lopiano, Lorena Lorefice, Matteo Lucchini, Giacomo Lus, Davide Maimone, Maria Malentacchi, Giulia Mallucci, Simona Malucchi, Chiara Rosa Mancinelli, Luca Mancinelli, Paolo Manganotti, Teresa Giorgia Maniscalco, Vittorio Mantero, Sabrina Marangoni, Damiano Marastoni, Alessandra Girolama Marfia, Fabiana Marinelli, Alessandro Marti, Filippo Martinelli Boneschi, Federco Masserano Zoli, Francesca Matta, Laura Mendozzi, Giuseppe Meucci, Silvia Miante, Giuseppina Miele, Eva Milano, Massimiliano Mirabella, Rosanna Missione, Marcello Moccia, Sara Montepietra, Margherita Monti Bragadin, Federico Montini, Roberta Motta, Raffaele Nardone, Carolina Gabri Nicoletti, Eduardo Nobile-Orazio, Agostino Nozzolillo, Marco Onofrj, Riccardo Orlandi, Anna Palmieri, Damiano Paolicelli, Livia Pasquali, Luisa Pastò, Elisabetta Pedrazzoli, Paola Perini, Ilaria Pesci, Maria Petracca, Alfredo Petrone, Carlo Piantadosi, Anna M. Pietroboni, Federica Pinardi, Marta Ponzano, Emilio Portaccio, Mattia Pozzato, Carlo Pozzilli, Luca Prosperini, Alessandra Protti, Paolo Ragonese, Sarah Rasia, Sabrina Realmuto, Anna Repice, Eleonora Rigoni, Maria Teresa Rilla, Francesca Rinaldi, Calogero Marcello Romano, Marco Ronzoni, Marco Rovaris, Francesca Ruscica, Loredana Sabattini, Giuseppe Salemi, Lorenzo Saraceno, Alessia Sartori, Arianna Sartori, Elvira Sbragia, Cinzia Scandellari, Ilaria Scarano Giuditta, Valentina Scarano, Valentina Schillaci, Maria Sessa, Caterina Sgarito, Grazia Sibilia, Gabriele Siciliano, Alessio Signori, Elisabetta Signoriello, Leonardo Sinisi, Francesca Sireci, Patrizia Sola, Claudio Solaro, Stefano Sotgiu, Maddalena Sparaco, Maria Laura Stromillo, Silvia Strumia, Laura Emanuela Susani, Giulietta Tabiadon, Francesco Teatini, Valentina Tomassini, Simone Tonietti, Clerici Valentina Torri, Carla Tortorella, Simona Toscano, Rocco Totaro, Maria Trotta, Gabriella Turano, Monica Ulivelli, Manzo Valentino, Giovanna Vaula, Domizia Vecchio, Marco Vercellino, Elena Pinuccia Verrengia, Marika Vianello, Eleonora Virgilio, Francesca Vitetta, Stefano Vollaro, Mauro Zaffaroni, Mauro Zampolini, Ignazio Roberto Zarbo, Antonio Zito, Luigi Zuliani, Sormani, M. P., Schiavetti, I., Landi, D., Carmisciano, L., De Rossi, N., Cordioli, C., Moiola, L., Radaelli, M., Immovilli, P., Capobianco, M., Brescia Morra, V., Trojano, M., Tedeschi, G., Comi, G., Battaglia, M. A., Patti, F., Fragoso, Y. D., Sen, S., Siva, A., Furlan, R., Salvetti, M., Bisecco, Alvino, Pia Sormani, Maria, Schiavetti, Irene, Landi, Doriana, Carmisciano, Luca, De Rossi, Nicola, Cordioli, Cinzia, Moiola, Lucia, Radaelli, Marta, Immovilli, Paolo, Capobianco, Marco, Brescia Morra, Vincenzo, Trojano, Maria, Tedeschi, Gioacchino, Comi, Giancarlo, Alberto Battaglia, Mario, Patti, Francesco, Dadalti Fragoso, Yara, Sen, Sedat, Siva, Aksel, Furlan, Roberto, Salvetti, Marco, Study Group Gianmarco Abbadessa, MuSC-19, Aguglia, Umberto, Allegorico, Lia, Beatrice Maria Allegri, Rossi, Pia Amato, Maria, Annovazzi, Pietro, Antozzi, Carlo, Appendino, Lucia, Arena, Sebastiano, Baione, Viola, Balgera, Roberto, Barcella, Valeria, Baroncini, Damiano, Barrilà, Caterina, A Battaglia, Mario, Bellacosa, Alessandra, Bellucci, Gianmarco, Bergamaschi, Roberto, Bergamaschi, Valeria, Bezzini, Daiana, Biolzi, Beatrice, Bonavita, Simona, Borriello, Giovanna, Bosa, Chiara, Bosco, Antonio, Bovis, Francesca, Bozzali, Marco, Brambilla, Laura, Vincenzo Brescia, Morra, Brichetto, Giampaolo, Buccafusca, Maria, Bucciantini, Elisabetta, Bucello, Sebastiano, Chiara Buscarinu, Maria, Paola Cabboi, Maria, Calabrese, Massimiliano, Calabria, Francesca, Caleri, Francesca, Camilli, Federico, Maria Caniatti, Luisa, Cantello, Roberto, Capra, Ruggero, Capuano, Rocco, Carta, Patrizia, Cavalla, Paola, Grazia Celani, Maria, Cellerino, Maria, Cerqua, Raffaella, Chisari, Clara, Clerici, Raffaella, Clerico, Marinella, Cocco, Eleonora, Cola, Gaia, Confalonieri, Paolo, Conte, Antonella, Zaffira Conti, Marta, Cordano, Christian, Cordera, Susanna, Corea, Francesco, Correale, Claudio, Cottone, Salvatore, Crescenzo, Francesco, Curti, Erica, D'Ambrosio, Alessandro, D'Amico, Emanuele, Chiara Danni, Maura, D'Arma, Alessia, Dattola, Vincenzo, de Biase, Stefano, De Luca, Giovanna, Federica De Mercanti, Stefania, De Mitri, Paolo, De Stefano, Nicola, Della Cava, Marco, di Napoli, Mario, Di Sapio, Alessia, Docimo, Renato, Dutto, Anna, Evangelista, Luana, Fanara, Salvatore, Ferraro, Diana, Teresa Ferrò, Maria, Filippi, Massimo, Fioretti, Cristina, Fratta, Mario, Frau, Jessica, Fronza, Marzia, Gajofatto, Alberto, Gallo, Antonio, Gallo, Paolo, Gasperini, Claudio, Ghazaryan, Anna, Giometto, Bruno, Gobbin, Francesca, Govone, Flora, Granella, Franco, Grange, Erica, Grazia Grasso, Maria, Guareschi, Angelica, Guaschino, Clara, Guerrieri, Simone, Guidetti, Donata, Iaffaldano, Pietro, Ianniello, Antonio, Iasevoli, Luigi, Imperiale, Daniele, Teresa Infante, Maria, Inglese, Matilde, Iodice, Rosa, Iovino, Aniello, Konrad, Giovanna, Lanzillo, Roberta, Lapucci, Caterina, Lavorgna, Luigi, L'Episcopo Maria, Rita, Leva, Serena, Liberatore, Giuseppe, Lo Re, Marianna, Longoni, Marco, Lopiano, Leonardo, Lorefice, Lorena, Lucchini, Matteo, Lus, Giacomo, Maimone, Davide, Malentacchi, Maria, Mallucci, Giulia, Malucchi, Simona, Rosa Mancinelli, Chiara, Mancinelli, Luca, Manganotti, Paolo, Giorgia Maniscalco, Teresa, Mantero, Vittorio, Marangoni, Sabrina, Marastoni, Damiano, Girolama Marfia, Alessandra, Marinelli, Fabiana, Marti, Alessandro, Martinelli Boneschi, Filippo, Masserano Zoli, Federco, Matta, Francesca, Mendozzi, Laura, Meucci, Giuseppe, Miante, Silvia, Miele, Giuseppina, Milano, Eva, Mirabella, Massimiliano, Missione, Rosanna, Moccia, Marcello, Montepietra, Sara, Monti Bragadin, Margherita, Montini, Federico, Motta, Roberta, Nardone, Raffaele, Gabri Nicoletti, Carolina, Nobile-Orazio, Eduardo, Nozzolillo, Agostino, Onofrj, Marco, Orlandi, Riccardo, Palmieri, Anna, Paolicelli, Damiano, Pasquali, Livia, Pastò, Luisa, Pedrazzoli, Elisabetta, Perini, Paola, Pesci, Ilaria, Petracca, Maria, Petrone, Alfredo, Piantadosi, Carlo, M Pietroboni, Anna, Pinardi, Federica, Ponzano, Marta, Portaccio, Emilio, Pozzato, Mattia, Pozzilli, Carlo, Prosperini, Luca, Protti, Alessandra, Ragonese, Paolo, Rasia, Sarah, Realmuto, Sabrina, Repice, Anna, Rigoni, Eleonora, Teresa Rilla, Maria, Rinaldi, Francesca, Marcello Romano, Calogero, Ronzoni, Marco, Rovaris, Marco, Ruscica, Francesca, Sabattini, Loredana, Salemi, Giuseppe, Saraceno, Lorenzo, Sartori, Alessia, Sartori, Arianna, Sbragia, Elvira, Scandellari, Cinzia, Scarano Giuditta, Ilaria, Scarano, Valentina, Schillaci, Valentina, Sessa, Maria, Sgarito, Caterina, Sibilia, Grazia, Siciliano, Gabriele, Signori, Alessio, Signoriello, Elisabetta, Sinisi, Leonardo, Sireci, Francesca, Sola, Patrizia, Solaro, Claudio, Sotgiu, Stefano, Sparaco, Maddalena, Laura Stromillo, Maria, Strumia, Silvia, Emanuela Susani, Laura, Tabiadon, Giulietta, Teatini, Francesco, Tomassini, Valentina, Tonietti, Simone, Valentina Torri, Clerici, Tortorella, Carla, Toscano, Simona, Totaro, Rocco, Trotta, Maria, Turano, Gabriella, Ulivelli, Monica, Valentino, Manzo, Vaula, Giovanna, Vecchio, Domizia, Vercellino, Marco, Pinuccia Verrengia, Elena, Vianello, Marika, Virgilio, Eleonora, Vitetta, Francesca, Vollaro, Stefano, Zaffaroni, Mauro, Zampolini, Mauro, Roberto Zarbo, Ignazio, Zito, Antonio, Zuliani, Luigi, Abbadessa, Gianmarco, Trotta, Maria Consiglia, and Zito, Guido Antonio
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), immunosuppressive therapie, coronavirus, Settore MED/26, medicine.disease_cause, Antibodies, Viral, immunosuppressive therapies, Antibodies, Serology, Cohort Studies, Multiple sclerosis, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Pandemic, Medicine, Humans, Multiple sclerosi, Viral, Coronavirus, business.industry, immunomodulatory therapie, immunomodulatory therapies, COVID-19, medicine.disease, Virology, coronaviru, Settore MED/26 - NEUROLOGIA, Sars-COV-2, 030104 developmental biology, Neurology, Neurology (clinical), business, SARS-CoV-2, Multiple Sclerosis, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Cohort study
Abstract: Background: The MuSC-19 project is an Italian cohort study open to international partners that collects data on multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with COVID-19. During the second wave of the pandemic, serological tests became routinely available. Objective: To evaluate the seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies according to the use of disease-modifying therapy (DMT) in a subset of patients included in the MuSC-19 data set who had undergone a serological test. Methods: We evaluated the association between positive serological test results and time elapsed since infection onset, age, sex, Expanded Disability Status Scale score, comorbidities and DMT exposure using a multivariable logistic model. Results: Data were collected from 423 patients (345 from Italy, 61 from Turkey and 17 from Brazil) with a serological test performed during follow-up. Overall, 325 out of 423 tested patients (76.8%) had a positive serological test. At multivariate analysis, therapy with anti-CD20 was significantly associated with a reduced probability of developing antibodies after COVID-19 (odds ratio (OR) = 0.20, p = 0.002). Conclusion: Patients with MS maintain the capacity to develop humoral immune response against SARS-COV-2, although to a lesser extent when treated with anti-CD20 drugs. Overall, our results are reassuring with respect to the possibility to achieve sufficient immunization with vaccination.
Published: 2021

23. Anesthetics management strategy for endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke. A proposal for anesthetic approach

Author: Giuliano Bolondi, Alessio Cittadini, Lorenzo Viola, Maria Ruggiero, Emiliano Gamberini, Alessandro Circelli, Dell’Amore Cristian, Luca Bissoni, Martino Costanza, Marco Benni, Marco Longoni, Domenico Pietro Santonastaso, Emanuele Russo, and Daniele Bellantonio
Subjects: business.industry, Sedation, Neurointensive care, Arterial occlusion, Blood pressure, Anesthesia, Occlusion, Anesthetic, medicine, Ketamine, medicine.symptom, business, Acute ischemic stroke, medicine.drug
Abstract: GEAcute ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death and long-term disability for adults. Endovascular therapy is the standard of care for severe acute ischemic stroke, caused by large-vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation; however, the optimal anaesthetic management during the procedure is still a matter of debate. The best anesthetic treatment should mainly be related to patients’ clinical conditions and the site of arterial occlusion. With this article, we share our experience based on the use of ketamine as the choosen hypnotic drug for general anesthesia, in order to avoid a sudden drop in blood pressure. The core of our proposal approach is the general anesthesia management by the medical emergency team with skills on both time-dependent diseases and neurocritical care.
Published: 2021
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24. COVID-19 Severity in Multiple Sclerosis: Putting Data Into Context

Author: Maria Pia Sormani, Irene Schiavetti, Luca Carmisciano, Cinzia Cordioli, Massimo Filippi, Marta Radaelli, Paolo Immovilli, Marco Capobianco, Nicola De Rossi, Giampaolo Brichetto, Eleonora Cocco, Cinzia Scandellari, Paola Cavalla, Ilaria Pesci, Antonio Zito, Paolo Confalonieri, Girolama Alessandra Marfia, Paola Perini, Matilde Inglese, Maria Trojano, Vincenzo Brescia Morra, Gioacchino Tedeschi, Giancarlo Comi, Mario Alberto Battaglia, Francesco Patti, Marco Salvetti, Gianmarco Abbadessa, Umberto Aguglia, Lia Allegorico, Beatrice Maria Allegri Rossi, Maria Pia Amato, Pietro Annovazzi, Carlo Antozzi, Lucia Appendino, Sebastiano Arena, Viola Baione, Roberto Balgera, Valeria Barcella, Damiano Baroncini, Caterina Barrilà, Alessandra Bellacosa, Gianmarco Bellucci, Roberto Bergamaschi, Valeria Bergamaschi, Daiana Bezzini, Beatrice Biolzi, Alvino Bisecco, Simona Bonavita, Giovanna Borriello, Chiara Bosa, Antonio Bosco, Francesca Bovis, Marco Bozzali, Laura Brambilla, Maria Buccafusca, Elisabetta Bucciantini, Sebastiano Bucello, Maria Chiara Buscarinu, Maria Paola Cabboi, Massimiliano Calabrese, Francesca Calabria, Francesca Caleri, Federico Camilli, Luisa Maria Caniatti, Roberto Cantello, Ruggero Capra, Rocco Capuano, Patrizia Carta, Maria Grazia Celani, Maria Cellerino, Raffaella Cerqua, Clara Chisari, Raffaella Clerici, Marinella Clerico, Gaia Cola, Antonella Conte, Marta Zaffira Conti, Christian Cordano, Susanna Cordera, Francesco Corea, Claudio Correale, Salvatore Cottone, Francesco Crescenzo, Erica Curti, Alessandro d'Ambrosio, Emanuele D'Amico, Maura Chiara Danni, Alessia d'Arma, Vincenzo Dattola, Stefano de Biase, Giovanna De Luca, Stefania Federica De Mercanti, Paolo De Mitri, Nicola De Stefano, Marco Della Cava, Mario di Napoli, Alessia Di Sapio, Renato Docimo, Anna Dutto, Luana Evangelista, Salvatore Fanara, Ferraro Diana, Maria Teresa Ferrò, Cristina Fioretti, Mario Fratta, Jessica Frau, Marzia Fronza, Roberto Furlan, Alberto Gajofatto, Antonio Gallo, Paolo Gallo, Claudio Gasperini, Anna Ghazaryan, Bruno Giometto, Francesca Gobbin, Flora Govone, Franco Granella, Erica Grange, Maria Grazia Grasso, Angelica Guareschi, Clara Guaschino, Simone Guerrieri, Donata Guidetti, Pietro Iaffaldano, Antonio Ianniello, Luigi Iasevoli, Daniele Imperiale, Maria Teresa Infante, Rosa Iodice, Aniello Iovino, Giovanna Konrad, Doriana Landi, Roberta Lanzillo, Caterina Lapucci, Luigi Lavorgna, Maria Rita L'Episcopo, Serena Leva, Giuseppe Liberatore, Marianna Lo Re, Marco Longoni, Leonardo Lopiano, Lorena Lorefice, Matteo Lucchini, Giacomo Lus, Davide Maimone, Maria Malentacchi, Giulia Mallucci, Simona Malucchi, Chiara Rosa Mancinelli, Luca Mancinelli, Paolo Manganotti, Giorgia Teresa Maniscalco, Vittorio Mantero, Sabrina Marangoni, Damiano Marastoni, Fabiana Marinelli, Alessandro Marti, Filippo Martinelli Boneschi, Federco Masserano Zoli, Francesca Matta, Laura Mendozzi, Giuseppe Meucci, Silvia Miante, Giuseppina Miele, Eva Milano, Massimiliano Mirabella, Rosanna Missione, Marcello Moccia, Lucia Moiola, Sara Montepietra, Margherita MontiBragadin, Federico Montini, Roberta Motta, Raffaele Nardone, Carolina Gabri Nicoletti, Eduardo Nobile-Orazio, Agostino Nozzolillo, Marco Onofrj, Riccardo Orlandi, Anna Palmieri, Damiano Paolicelli, Livia Pasquali, Luisa Pastò, Elisabetta Pedrazzoli, Maria Petracca, Alfredo Petrone, Carlo Piantadosi, Anna M Pietroboni, Federica Pinardi, Marta Ponzano, Emilio Portaccio, Mattia Pozzato, Carlo Pozzilli, Luca Prosperini, Alessandra Protti, Paolo Ragonese, Sarah Rasia, Sabrina Realmuto, Anna Repice, Eleonora Rigoni, Maria Teresa Rilla, Francesca Rinaldi, Calogero Marcello Romano, Marco Ronzoni, Marco Rovaris, Francesca Ruscica, Loredana Sabattini, Giuseppe Salemi, Lorenzo Saraceno, Alessia Sartori, Arianna Sartori, Elvira Sbragia, Giuditta Ilaria Scarano, Valentina Scarano, Valentina Schillaci, Maria Sessa, Caterina Sgarito, Grazia Sibilia, Gabriele Siciliano, Alessio Signori, Elisabetta Signoriello, Leonardo Sinisi, Francesca Sireci, Patrizia Sola, Claudio Solaro, Stefano Sotgiu, Maddalena Sparaco, Maria Laura Stromillo, Silvia Strumia, Emanuela Laura Susani, Giulietta Tabiadon, Francesco Teatini, Valentina Tomassini, Simone Tonietti, Clerici Valentina Torri, Carla Tortorella, Simona Toscano, Rocco Totaro, Maria Trotta, Gabriella Turano, Monica Ulivelli, Manzo Valentino, Giovanna Vaula, Domizia Vecchio, Marco Vercellino, Elena Pinuccia Verrengia, Marika Vianello, Eleonora Virgilio, Francesca Vitetta, Stefano Vollaro, Mauro Zaffaroni, Mauro Zampolini, Ignazio Roberto Zarbo, Luigi Zuliani, Pia Sormani, Maria, Schiavetti, Irene, Carmisciano, Luca, Cordioli, Cinzia, Filippi, Massimo, Radaelli, Marta, Immovilli, Paolo, Capobianco, Marco, De Rossi, Nicola, Brichetto, Giampaolo, Cocco, Eleonora, Scandellari, Cinzia, Cavalla, Paola, Pesci, Ilaria, Zito, Guido Antonio, Confalonieri, Paolo, Alessandra Marfia, Girolama, Perini, Paola, Inglese, Matilde, Trojano, Maria, Brescia Morra, Vincenzo, Tedeschi, Gioacchino, Comi, Giancarlo, Alberto Battaglia, Mario, Patti, Francesco, Salvetti, Marco, Abbadessa, Gianmarco, Aguglia, Umberto, Allegorico, Lia, Maria Allegri Rossi, Beatrice, Pia Amato, Maria, Annovazzi, Pietro, Antozzi, Carlo, Appendino, Lucia, Arena, Sebastiano, Baione, Viola, Balgera, Roberto, Barcella, Valeria, Baroncini, Damiano, Barrilà, Caterina, Bellacosa, Alessandra, Bellucci, Gianmarco, Bergamaschi, Roberto, Bergamaschi, Valeria, Bezzini, Daiana, Biolzi, Beatrice, Bisecco, Alvino, Bonavita, Simona, Borriello, Giovanna, Bosa, Chiara, Bosco, Antonio, Bovis, Francesca, Bozzali, Marco, Brambilla, Laura, Buccafusca, Maria, Bucciantini, Elisabetta, Bucello, Sebastiano, Chiara Buscarinu, Maria, Paola Cabboi, Maria, Calabrese, Massimiliano, Calabria, Francesca, Caleri, Francesca, Camilli, Federico, Maria Caniatti, Luisa, Cantello, Roberto, Capra, Ruggero, Capuano, Rocco, Carta, Patrizia, Grazia Celani, Maria, Cellerino, Maria, Cerqua, Raffaella, Chisari, Clara, Clerici, Raffaella, Clerico, Marinella, Cola, Gaia, Conte, Antonella, Zaffira Conti, Marta, Cordano, Christian, Cordera, Susanna, Corea, Francesco, Correale, Claudio, Cottone, Salvatore, Crescenzo, Francesco, Curti, Erica, D'Ambrosio, Alessandro, D'Amico, Emanuele, Chiara Danni, Maura, D'Arma, Alessia, Dattola, Vincenzo, de Biase, Stefano, De Luca, Giovanna, Federica De Mercanti, Stefania, De Mitri, Paolo, De Stefano, Nicola, Della Cava, Marco, di Napoli, Mario, Di Sapio, Alessia, Docimo, Renato, Dutto, Anna, Evangelista, Luana, Fanara, Salvatore, Diana, Ferraro, Teresa Ferrò, Maria, Fioretti, Cristina, Fratta, Mario, Frau, Jessica, Fronza, Marzia, Furlan, Roberto, Gajofatto, Alberto, Gallo, Antonio, Gallo, Paolo, Gasperini, Claudio, Ghazaryan, Anna, Giometto, Bruno, Gobbin, Francesca, Govone, Flora, Granella, Franco, Grange, Erica, Grazia Grasso, Maria, Guareschi, Angelica, Guaschino, Clara, Guerrieri, Simone, Guidetti, Donata, Iaffaldano, Pietro, Ianniello, Antonio, Iasevoli, Luigi, Imperiale, Daniele, Teresa Infante, Maria, Iodice, Rosa, Iovino, Aniello, Konrad, Giovanna, Landi, Doriana, Lanzillo, Roberta, Lapucci, Caterina, Lavorgna, Luigi, Rita L'Episcopo, Maria, Leva, Serena, Liberatore, Giuseppe, Lo Re, Marianna, Longoni, Marco, Lopiano, Leonardo, Lorefice, Lorena, Lucchini, Matteo, Lus, Giacomo, Maimone, Davide, Malentacchi, Maria, Mallucci, Giulia, Malucchi, Simona, Rosa Mancinelli, Chiara, Mancinelli, Luca, Manganotti, Paolo, Teresa Maniscalco, Giorgia, Mantero, Vittorio, Marangoni, Sabrina, Marastoni, Damiano, Marinelli, Fabiana, Marti, Alessandro, Martinelli Boneschi, Filippo, Masserano Zoli, Federco, Matta, Francesca, Mendozzi, Laura, Meucci, Giuseppe, Miante, Silvia, Miele, Giuseppina, Milano, Eva, Mirabella, Massimiliano, Missione, Rosanna, Moccia, Marcello, Moiola, Lucia, Montepietra, Sara, Montibragadin, Margherita, Montini, Federico, Motta, Roberta, Nardone, Raffaele, Gabri Nicoletti, Carolina, Nobile-Orazio, Eduardo, Nozzolillo, Agostino, Onofrj, Marco, Orlandi, Riccardo, Palmieri, Anna, Paolicelli, Damiano, Pasquali, Livia, Pastò, Luisa, Pedrazzoli, Elisabetta, Petracca, Maria, Petrone, Alfredo, Piantadosi, Carlo, M Pietroboni, Anna, Pinardi, Federica, Ponzano, Marta, Portaccio, Emilio, Pozzato, Mattia, Pozzilli, Carlo, Prosperini, Luca, Protti, Alessandra, Ragonese, Paolo, Rasia, Sarah, Realmuto, Sabrina, Repice, Anna, Rigoni, Eleonora, Teresa Rilla, Maria, Rinaldi, Francesca, Marcello Romano, Calogero, Ronzoni, Marco, Rovaris, Marco, Ruscica, Francesca, Sabattini, Loredana, Salemi, Giuseppe, Saraceno, Lorenzo, Sartori, Alessia, Sartori, Arianna, Sbragia, Elvira, Ilaria Scarano, Giuditta, Scarano, Valentina, Schillaci, Valentina, Sessa, Maria, Sgarito, Caterina, Sibilia, Grazia, Siciliano, Gabriele, Signori, Alessio, Signoriello, Elisabetta, Sinisi, Leonardo, Sireci, Francesca, Sola, Patrizia, Solaro, Claudio, Sotgiu, Stefano, Sparaco, Maddalena, Laura Stromillo, Maria, Strumia, Silvia, Laura Susani, Emanuela, Tabiadon, Giulietta, Teatini, Francesco, Tomassini, Valentina, Tonietti, Simone, Valentina Torri, Clerici, Tortorella, Carla, Toscano, Simona, Totaro, Rocco, Trotta, Maria Consiglia, Turano, Gabriella, Ulivelli, Monica, Valentino, Manzo, Vaula, Giovanna, Vecchio, Domizia, Vercellino, Marco, Pinuccia Verrengia, Elena, Vianello, Marika, Virgilio, Eleonora, Vitetta, Francesca, Vollaro, Stefano, Zaffaroni, Mauro, Zampolini, Mauro, Roberto Zarbo, Ignazio, Zuliani, Luigi, Sormani, M. P., Schiavetti, I., Carmisciano, L., Cordioli, C., Filippi, M., Radaelli, M., Immovilli, P., Capobianco, M., De Rossi, N., Brichetto, G., Cocco, E., Scandellari, C., Cavalla, P., Pesci, I., Zito, A., Confalonieri, P., Marfia, G. A., Perini, P., Inglese, M., Trojano, M., Brescia Morra, V., Tedeschi, G., Comi, G., Battaglia, M. A., Patti, F., Salvetti, M., Zito, Antonio, BRESCIA MORRA, Vincenzo, Trotta, Maria, Sormani, Maria Pia, Marfia, Girolama Alessandra, and Battaglia, Mario Alberto
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Multiple Sclerosis, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Population, Intensive Care Unit, COVID-19, Cohort Studies, Comorbidity, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Intensive Care Units, Italy, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index, Context (language use), Settore MED/26, Lower risk, Retrospective Studie, Internal medicine, Multiple Sclerosi, Medicine, In patient, National level, education, education.field_of_study, Expanded Disability Status Scale, business.industry, Risk Factor, Ethics committee, medicine.disease, Icu admission, Settore MED/26 - NEUROLOGIA, Neurology, Relative risk, Family medicine, Cohort, Honorarium, Observational study, Neurology (clinical), Cohort Studie, business, Human
Abstract: Background: It is unclear how multiple sclerosis (MS) affects the severity of Covid-19. Methods: Hospitalization, Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission and death after Covid-19 diagnosis of 1362 MS patients were compared to the age and sex-matched Italian population in a retrospective observational case-cohort study with population-based control. The observed vs the expected events were compared in the whole MS cohort and in different subgroups (higher-risk: EDSS>3 or at least one comorbidity, lower-risk: EDSS
Published: 2021

25. Reperfusion strategies in stroke due to isolated cervical internal carotid artery occlusion: systematic review and treatment comparison

Author: Enrico Maria Lotti, Patrizia Pierini, Georgios Tsivgoulis, Maurizio Paciaroni, Maria Giulia Mosconi, Marco Longoni, Valeria Caso, Andrea Alberti, Michele Romoli, Paolo Calabresi, Simone Vidale, and Michele Venti
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Dermatology, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Brain Ischemia, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Fibrinolytic Agents, Internal medicine, medicine.artery, Occlusion, Medicine, Humans, Thrombolytic Therapy, Stroke, Neuroradiology, Thrombectomy, Intracerebral hemorrhage, Ischemic stroke, business.industry, Mortality rate, Endovascular Procedures, General Medicine, Thrombolysis, medicine.disease, stroke, Internal, Clinical trial, Psychiatry and Mental health, Settore MED/26 - NEUROLOGIA, Treatment Outcome, Reperfusion, Cardiology, Original Article, Neurology (clinical), Internal carotid artery, Carotid Artery, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Carotid Artery, Internal
Abstract: Introduction Despite intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and endovascular treatment (EVT) have been demonstrated effective in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to large vessel occlusions, there are still no conclusive data to guide treatment in stroke due to cervical internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion. We systematically reviewed available literature to compare IVT, EVT, and bridging (IVT + EVT) and define optimal treatment. Methods Systematic review followed predefined protocol (Open-Science-Framework osf.io/bfykj). MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched. Results were restricted to studies in English, with sample size ≥ 10 and follow-up ≥30 days. Primary outcomes were favorable outcome (mRS ≤ 2), mortality, and symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage(sICH), defined according to study original report. Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used for bias assessment. Results Seven records of 930 screened were included in meta-analysis. Quality of studies was low-to-fair in 5, good in 2. IVT (n = 450) did not differ for favorable outcome and mortality compared to EVT (n = 150), though having lower rate of sICH (OR = 0.4, 95% CI 0.2–0.8). Compared to IVT, bridging (IVT + EVT) was associated with higher rate of favorable outcome (OR = 2.2, 95% CI 1.3–3.7). Compared to EVT, bridging (IVT + EVT) provided higher rate of favorable outcome (OR = 1.9, 95% CI 1.1–3.4), with a marginally increased risk of sICH (OR = 2.1, 95% CI 1–4.4) but similar mortality rates. Conclusions Our systematic review highlights that, in acute ischemic stroke associated with isolated cervical ICA occlusion, bridging (IVT + EVT) might lead to higher rate of functional independence at follow-up, without increasing mortality. The low quality of available studies prevents from drawing firm conclusions, and randomized-controlled clinical trials are critically needed to define optimal treatment in this AIS subgroup.
Published: 2021

26. Clinical, electromyographical, histopathological characteristics of COVID-19 related rhabdomyolysis

Author: Giovanni Scognamiglio, Emanuele Mambelli, Alessandro Oliva, Chiara Rosato, Marco Longoni, Vanni Agnoletti, Emanuele Russo, Giuliano Bolondi, and Giulio Rossi
Subjects: electromyography, medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), intensive care units, Case Report, Electromyography, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Biopsy, medicine, critical illness, biopsy, 030212 general & internal medicine, muscle weakness, lcsh:R5-920, medicine.diagnostic_test, Guillain-Barre syndrome, business.industry, Acute kidney injury, Muscle weakness, General Medicine, Guillain-Barré syndrome, central nervous system, medicine.disease, medicine.symptom, Complication, business, lcsh:Medicine (General), Rhabdomyolysis, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Rhabdomyolysis is an uncommon complication of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Previous reports have described its management and treatment in medical units, but have not discussed confirmatory tests or differential diagnosis. We report a case of a 58 year-old male patient, who was admitted for COVID-19 pneumonia and subsequently developed severe weakness, inability to move limbs, acute renal failure, significantly elevated myoglobin and creatinine kinase, and was diagnosed with rhabdomyolysis. Continuous renal replacement therapy, the treatment modality of choice over hyperhydration due to ongoing mechanical ventilation, was effective in resolving symptoms. No direct viral invasion of muscles was noted on biopsy. Here, we describe his symptoms, electromyography, and muscular biopsy results, and further discuss the possible differential diagnoses. Neuromuscular symptoms related to COVID-19 require careful clinical analysis. In addition, detailed reports of patients’ course of illness and diagnoses will assist in improving care for affected patients.
Published: 2020

27. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on acute stroke care: facing an epidemiological paradox with a paradigm shift

Author: Maurizio Menarini, Michele Romoli, Francesco Cordici, Sara Biguzzi, Simone Vidale, Matteo Paolucci, Alessandro Valentino, Silvia Strumia, Rossana Terlizzi, Enrico Maria Lotti, Marco Longoni, Maria Ruggiero, and Simonetta Morresi
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Neurology, medicine.medical_treatment, Physical Distancing, Stroke incidence, Clinical Neurology, Dermatology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Reperfusion therapy, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Epidemiology, medicine, Humans, Thrombolytic Therapy, 030212 general & internal medicine, Stroke, Thrombectomy, Retrospective Studies, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), COVID-19, Retrospective cohort study, Thrombolysis, Emergency department, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Psychiatry and Mental health, Italy, Models, Organizational, Reperfusion, Emergency medicine, Neurology (clinical), Emergency Service, Hospital, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Background During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, a decrease of stroke’s hospital admissions and reperfusion therapy has been reported worldwide. This retrospective observational study assessed the volume of stroke cases managed in the Emergency Department (ED) and reperfusion therapies in an Italian stroke network with a high incidence of COVID-19, particularly to evaluate if the in-hospital rerouting and the switch from a drip-and-ship to a mothership model could assure an adequate volume of acute treatments. Methods We compared data from March 2020 with those from previous years and formulated five PICO questions regarding (1) incidence of stroke cases in the ED; (2) relation between stroke cases and COVID-19; (3) differences in the number of reperfusion therapies, (4) in the call-to-needle and door-to-needle times for intravenous thrombolysis, and (5) in the call-to-groin and door-to-groin times for thrombectomy. Results We found (1) a 28% decreased of confirmed stroke cases managed in the ED, (2) a negative correlation between stroke cases in ED and COVID-19 progression (rs = − .390, p = .030), and (3) a similar number of treatments in March 2020 and March 2019. The adoption of the mothership model (4) did not delay alteplase infusion (median call-to-needle p = .126, median door-to-needle p = .142) but led to (5) a significant reduction in median call-to-groin (p = .018) and door-to-groin times (p = .010). Conclusion The “hospital avoidance” of stroke patients during the “stay-at-home” appeals needs to be considered for future public health campaigns. A prompt reorganization of the stroke network can guarantee optimal performances at times of crisis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10072-020-04914-4.
Published: 2020
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28. Headache following endovascular procedures

Author: Marco Longoni, Matteo Paolucci, and Elio Agostoni
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Neurology, business.industry, General surgery, Endovascular Procedures, MEDLINE, Headache, Intracranial Aneurysm, Dermatology, General Medicine, Psychiatry and Mental health, Treatment Outcome, Medicine, Humans, Neurology (clinical), Neurosurgery, business, Neuroradiology
Published: 2020

29. Functional and radiological outcomes after bridging therapy versus direct thrombectomy in stroke patients with unknown onset: Bridging therapy versus direct thrombectomy in unknown onset stroke patients with 10-point ASPECTS

Author: Sergio Nappini, Laura Malfatto, Mirco Cosottini, Roberto Gandini, Andrea Zini, Roberto Gasparotti, Francesco Grillo, F. Granata, Marco Longoni, Guido Bigliardi, Mauro Bergui, Enrica Franchini, Michelangelo Mancuso, B. Bonetti, Danilo Toni, P. Castellini, M. Cappellari, G. Della Marca, Maria Ruggiero, Rossana Tassi, Domenico Inzitari, Samuele Cioni, Lucio Castellan, Patrizia Nencini, Roberto Menozzi, Elisa Francesca Maria Ciceri, Fabrizio Sallustio, Giovanni Pracucci, Emilio Lozupone, Alessio Comai, Salvatore Mangiafico, Stefano Vallone, Paolo Cerrato, F. Taglialatela, Mauro Magoni, Valentina Saia, A. De Vito, P. Zampieri, and Andrea Saletti
Subjects: thrombolysis, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Alberta, Brain Ischemia, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Alberta *Brain Ischemia/drug therapy Cohort Studies Humans Retrospective Studies *Stroke/diagnostic imaging/drug therapy Thrombectomy Thrombolytic Therapy Treatment Outcome Aspects stroke thrombolysis unknown onset, medicine, ASPECTS, stroke, thrombectomy, unknown onset, Humans, Retrospective Studies, Thrombectomy, Thrombolytic Therapy, Treatment Outcome, Stroke, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective cohort study, Intracerebral hemorrhage, business.industry, Retrospective cohort study, Thrombolysis, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, Neurology, Propensity score matching, Neurology (clinical), business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Fibrinolytic agent
Abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The aim was to assess functional and radiological outcomes after bridging therapy (intravenous thrombolysis plus mechanical thrombectomy) versus direct mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in unknown onset stroke patients. METHODS A cohort study was conducted on prospectively collected data from unknown onset stroke patients who received endovascular procedures at ≤6 h from symptom recognition or awakening time. RESULTS Of the 349 patients with a 10-point Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score (ASPECTS), 248 received bridging and 101 received direct MT. Of the 134 patients with 6-9-point ASPECTS, 123 received bridging and 111 received direct MT. Each patient treated with bridging was propensity score matched with a patient treated with direct MT for age, sex, study period, pre-stroke disability, stroke severity, type of stroke onset, symptom recognition to groin time (or awakening to groin time), ASPECTS and procedure time. In the two matched groups with 10-point ASPECTS (n = 73 vs. n = 73), bridging was associated with higher rates of excellent outcome (46.6% vs. 28.8%; odds ratio 2.302, 95% confidence interval 1.010-5.244) and successful recanalization (83.6% vs. 63%; odds ratio 3.028, 95% confidence interval 1.369-6.693) compared with direct MT; no significant association was found between bridging and direct MT with regard to rate of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (0% vs. 1.4%). In the two matched groups with 6-9-point ASPECTS (n = 45 vs. n = 45), no significant associations were found between bridging and direct MT with regard to rates of excellent functional outcome (44.4% vs. 31.1%), successful recanalization (73.3% vs. 76.5%) and symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (0% vs. 0%). CONCLUSIONS Bridging at ≤ 6 h of symptom recognition or awakening time was associated with better functional and radiological outcomes in unknown onset stroke patients with 10-point ASPECTS.
Published: 2020

30. Reduced Admissions for Cerebrovascular Events during COVID-19 Outbreak in Italy

Author: Simona Sacco, Stefano Ricci, Raffaele Ornello, Paolo Eusebi, Luca Petraglia, Danilo Toni, Eugenia Rota, Gianluca Bruzzone, Lucia Testa, Roberta Bongioanni, Mara Rosso, Carmelo Labate, Roberto Tarletti, Roberto Cantello, Thomas Fleetwood, Fabio Melis, Daniele Imperiale, Salvatore Amarù, Monica Reggiani, Luigi Ruiz, Elia Cipriano, Delfina Ferrandi, Patrizia Julita, Liana Africa, Piero Meinieri, Maria Federica Grasso, Serena Servo, Roberto Cavallo, Gigliola Chianale, Andrea Naldi, Paolo Cerrato, Elisa Rubino, Alessia Giossi, Valentina Puglisi, Luisa Vinciguerra, Ignazio Santilli, Bianca Maria Bordo, Simona Marcheselli, Julia Bottini, Caterina Mariotto D’Alessandro, Giuseppe Micieli, Anna Cavallini, Isabella Canavero, Francesco Muscia, Graziamaria Nuzzaco, Alfonso Ciccone, Giorgio Silvestrelli, Andrea Salmaggi, Davide Sangalli, Carla Zanferrari, Simona Fanucchi, Michela Ranieri, Simone Beretta, Carlo Ferrarese, Francesco Pasini, Francesco Santangelo, Nicoletta Checcarelli, Sandro Beretta, Paola Bazzi, Massimo Camerlingo, Marcello Tognozzi, Giorgio Caneve, Alessandro Adami, Rocco Quatrale, Adriana Critelli, Luigi Bartolomei, Maela Masato, Francesco Perini, Antonella De Boni, Caterina Disco, Claudio Baracchini, Alessio Pieroni, Roberto Lerario, Monia Russo, Alberto Polo, Alessandra Danese, Luca Valentinis, Antonio Baldi, Simone Tonello, Francesco Paladin, Agnese Tonon, Bruno Bonetti, Manuel Cappellari, Francesco Teatini, Roberto Currò Dossi, Enrica Franchini, Bruno Giometto, Valeria Bignamini, Paolo Manganotti, Marcello Naccarato, Gian Luigi Gigli, Simone Lorenzut, Giovanni Merlino, Mariarosaria Valente, Michele Rana, Carolina Gentile, Tiziana Tassinari, Annalisa Sugo, Valentina Saia, Maurizio Balestrino, Alberto Coccia, Cinzia Finocchi, Franco Valzania, Maria Luisa Zedde, Giulia Toschi, Marco Longoni, Matteo Paolucci, Valeria Tugnoli, Pietro Querzani, Marina Padroni, Stefano Meletti, Guido Bigliardi, Maria Luisa Dall’Acqua, Andrea Zini, Mauro Gentile, Ludovica Migliaccio, Alberto Chiti, Rossana Tassi, Giuseppe Martini, Patrizia Nencini, Maria Lamassa, Michelangelo Mancuso, Giovanni Orlandi, Elena Ferrari, Roberto Marconi, Simone Gallerini, Vincenzo Groggia, Gino Volpi, Chiara Menichetti, Stefano Spolveri, Mauro Silvestrini, Giovanna Viticchi, Laura Buratti, Giuseppe Pelliccioni, Eleonora Potente, Tatiana Mazzoli, Erica Marsili, Silvia Cenciarelli, Antonella Picchioni, Franco Costantini, Carlo Colosimo, Maurizio Paciaroni, Valeria Caso, Maurizia Rasura, Mario Beccia, Nicola Falcone, Marisa Di Stefano, Emanuela Cecconi, Sabrina Anticoli, Francesca Romana Pezzella, Marilena Mangiardi, Maurizio Plocco, Maria Magarelli, Carlo Emanuele Saggese, Irene Berto, Maria Concetta Altavista, Cinzia Roberti, Marina Diomedi, Fabrizio Sallustio, Alessandro Rocco, Letizia Maria Cupini, Novella Bonaffini, Maria Vittoria De Angelis, Anna Digiovanni, Marianna Rispoli, Berardino Orlandi, Federica De Santis, Enrico Colangeli, Francesco Di Blasio, Caterina Di Carmine, Pierluigi Tocco, Maurizio Melis, Jessica Moller, Valeria Saddi, Antonio Manca, Antonio Baule, Antonello Caddeo, Nicola Iorio, Rosa Napoletano, Maria di Gregorio, Giampiero Volpe, Florindo D’Onofrio, Daniele Spitaleri, Leonardo Barbarini, Gaetano Barbagallo, Marcella Caggiula, Bonaventura Ardito, Domenico Di Noia, Pietro Di Viesti, Maurizio Angelo Leone, Vincenzo Inchingolo, Marco Petruzzellis, Federica Rizzo, Mariantonietta Savarese, Alfredo Petrone, Franco Galati, Luciano Arcudi, Damiano Branca, Paolo Aridon, Valentina Arnao, Rosa Musolino, Cristina Dell’Aera, Isabella Francalanza, Luigi Grimaldi, Matilde Gammino, Antonello Giordano, Giuseppe Zelante, Enzo Sanzaro, Antonio Gasparro, Sacco, Simona, Ricci, Stefano, Ornello, Raffaele, Eusebi, Paolo, Petraglia, Luca, Toni, Danilo, and paolo, aridon
Subjects: disease outbreak, Male, medicine.medical_treatment, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Italy, cerebral hemorrhage, disease outbreaks, incidence, ischemic attack, transient, 0302 clinical medicine, Epidemiology, 80 and over, Medicine, Thrombolytic Therapy, Acute ischemic stroke, Thrombectomy, Aged, 80 and over, Ischemic Attack, Transient, Incidence (epidemiology), Endovascular Procedures, Middle Aged, Hospitalization, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Settore MED/26 - Neurologia, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Aged, COVID-19, Cerebral Hemorrhage, Humans, Ischemic Attack, Transient, Ischemic Stroke, medicine.medical_specialty, 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Revascularization, Settore MED/26, 03 medical and health sciences, Advanced and Specialized Nursing, business.industry, Outbreak, Emergency medicine, Brief Reports, Neurology (clinical), business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text., Background and Purpose: We aimed to investigate the rate of hospital admissions for cerebrovascular events and of revascularization treatments for acute ischemic stroke in Italy during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. Methods: The Italian Stroke Organization performed a multicenter study involving 93 Italian Stroke Units. We collected information on hospital admissions for cerebrovascular events from March 1 to March 31, 2020 (study period), and from March 1 to March 31, 2019 (control period). Results: Ischemic strokes decreased from 2399 in 2019 to 1810 in 2020, with a corresponding hospitalization rate ratio (RR) of 0.75 ([95% CI, 0.71–0.80] P
Published: 2020

31. Thrombolysis and bridging therapy in patients with acute ischaemic stroke and Covid-19

Author: Simona Marcheselli, M. Reggiani, Andrea Zini, D. M. Papurello, M. Plocco, Maurizio Balestrino, Danilo Toni, D. Sangalli, Nicola Rifino, Manuel Cappellari, Alessia Giossi, Marco Longoni, Anna Cavallini, Marialuisa Zedde, Sandro Beretta, Donata Guidetti, G. Giussani, F. N. Sepe, Patrizia Nencini, V. Sidoti, and E. Rota
Subjects: Blood Glucose, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, thrombolysis, bridging therapy, medicine.medical_treatment, Clinical Neurology, Asymptomatic, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Fibrinolytic Agents, Modified Rankin Scale, Cause of Death, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Thrombolytic Therapy, cardiovascular diseases, 030212 general & internal medicine, Myocardial infarction, Pandemics, Stroke, Aged, Ischemic Stroke, Thrombectomy, Cause of death, Aged, 80 and over, Intracerebral hemorrhage, business.industry, Thrombolysis, medicine.disease, Survival Analysis, stroke, Treatment Outcome, Italy, Neurology, Creatinine, Injections, Intravenous, outcome, Female, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, business, Covid-19, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Fibrinolytic agent
Abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Comorbidity of acute ischaemic stroke with Covid-19 is a challenging condition, potentially influencing the decision of whether to administer intravenous thrombolysis (IVT). We aimed to assess the 1-month outcome in ischaemic stroke patients with Covid-19 infection who received IVT alone or before thrombectomy (bridging therapy). METHODS: As a collaboration initiative promoted by the Italian Stroke Organization, all Italian stroke units (n = 190) were contacted and invited to participate in data collection on stroke patients with Covid-19 who received IVT. RESULTS: Seventy-five invited centers agreed to participate. Thirty patients received IVT alone and 17 received bridging therapy between 21 February 2020 and 30 April 2020 in 20 centers (n = 18, Northern Italy; n = 2, Central Italy). At 1 month, 14 (30.4%) patients died and 20 (62.5%) survivors had a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 3 to 5. At 24 to 36 hours, asymptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) was reported in eight (17.4%) patients and symptomatic ICH (sICH) in two (4.3%) patients. Causes of death were severe ischaemic stroke (n = 8), a new ischaemic stroke (n = 2), acute respiratory failure (n = 1), acute renal failure (n = 1), acute myocardial infarction (n = 1), and endocarditis (n = 1). In survivors with a 1-month mRS score of 3 to 5, baseline glucose level was higher, whereas endovascular procedure time in cases of bridging therapy was longer. Baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale glucose and creatinine levels were higher in patients who died. CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous thrombolysis for patients with stroke and Covid-19 was not a rare event in the most affected areas by pandemic, and rates of 1-month unfavorable outcomes were high compared to previous data from the pre-Covid-19 literature. However, risk of sICH was not increased.
Published: 2020

32. Storming the Palace: The Houthi Insurgency in Yemen

Author: Gian Marco Longoni
Subjects: Yemen, insurgency, houthi, Civil war, counterinsurgency, civil war, Houthi, yemen, lcsh:H1-99, lcsh:History (General), lcsh:Social sciences (General), lcsh:D1-2009
Abstract: In January 2015, a group of rebels known as the “Houthi” toppled the government of Yemen after eleven years of armed struggle. How did the Houthi manage to do so? The article argues that the main variables that explain rebel victory in civil wars, rebel capacity, state (in)capacity, and external support, can explain how this rebel group managed to oust the government of Yemen. The analysis demonstrates that the Houthi high mobilising and military capacity, the external support of the former ruler of Yemen Ali Abdullah Saleh, and, most importantly, the low capacity of the state, resulting from a chronic institutional weakness of Yemen’s regimes, incompetence of the armed forces, and unsoundness of the counterinsurgency strategy, are the factors that can explain why and how the Houthi have managed to wage an effective rebellion that caused the collapse of the government of Yemen.
Published: 2018

33. The benefit of a short-stay neurological observation unit in the COVID-19 era

Author: Rossella Infante, Michele Romoli, Francesco Cordici, Sara Biguzzi, Emanuela Postiglione, Simonetta Morresi, Francesca Preda, Luca Mancinelli, Flavio Di Stasio, Rossana Terlizzi, Marco Longoni, Chiara Bomprezzi, Maria Vitiello, and Matteo Paolucci
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Short stay, Neurology, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), business.industry, Emergency medicine, Medicine, Neurology (clinical), business, Observation unit, Article
Published: 2021

34. Shift from drip-and-ship towards mothership model for mechanical thrombectomy during COVID-19 pandemic: A retrospective analysis of a stroke network performances

Author: Sara Biguzzi, Maria Ruggiero, Vanni Agnoletti, Matteo Paolucci, Andrea Fabbri, Tiziana Perin, Francesco Cordici, Maurizio Menarini, Marco Longoni, and Raffaella Francesconi
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), business.industry, Iv thrombolysis, medicine.disease, Article, Mechanical thrombectomy, Neurology, Modified Rankin Scale, Internal medicine, Functional independence, medicine, Cardiology, Retrospective analysis, Neurology (clinical), business, Acute ischemic stroke, Stroke
Abstract: Background and Aims: The choice between transport of acute ischemic stroke patients to the nearest Primary Stroke Centers (drip-and-ship model) versus direct transport to the Comprehensive Stroke Center (mothership model) is still a matter of debate. We shifted from a dripand-ship towards a mothership model during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic in spring 2020. We retrospective analyzed stroke network performances comparing the two models. Methods: All spoke-district patients treated with endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) between 15th March -15th June 2019 (drip-and-ship) and 2020 (mothership) were included in the study.We compared call-to-door time (CDT), door-to-CT time (DCT), door-to-needle time (DNT), doorto-groin time (DGT), call-to-needle time (CNT) and call-to-groin time (CGT) between the two periods. We also compared functional independence (modified Rankin Scale, mRS) at 3 months. Results: 24 spoke-district patients in 2019 (drip-and-ship) and 26 in 2020 (mothership) underwent EVT. In 2020 a higher number of patients received IV thrombolysis in combination with EVT (p=.030). The groups did not differ for age, sex, risk factors, pre-stroke mRS 0-1, NIHSS and ASPECTS distribution. In 2020 we found longer CDT (+23 minutes, p
Published: 2021
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35. The Large ARtery Intracranial Occlusion Stroke Scale: A New Tool With High Accuracy in Predicting Large Vessel Occlusion

Author: Marco Arnaboldi, Lara Frangi, Marco Longoni, Elio Agostoni, Gianmario Monza, and Simone Vidale
Subjects: Weakness, medicine.medical_specialty, thrombolysis, medicine.medical_treatment, lcsh:RC346-429, 03 medical and health sciences, mechanical thrombectomy, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, large vessel occlusion, Occlusion, medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Stroke, lcsh:Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, pre-hospital scale, Palsy, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Stroke scale, Thrombolysis, Brief Research Report, medicine.disease, stroke, Neurology, Angiography, Cardiology, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Large vessel occlusion
Abstract: Objectives: The combination of systemic thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy is indicated in patients with ischemic stroke due to a large vessel occlusion (LVO) and these treatments are time-dependent. Rapid identification of patients with suspected LVO also in a prehospital setting could influence the choice of the destination hospital. Aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the predictive role of a new stroke scale for LVO, comparing it to other scores. Patients and Methods: All consecutive patients admitted to our comprehensive stroke center with suspected ischemic stroke were studied with a CT angiography and 5 different stroke scales were applied. The Large ARtery Occlusion (LARIO) stroke scale consists of 5 items including the assessment of facial palsy, language alteration, grip and arm weakness, and the presence of neglect. A Receiving Operating Characteristic curve was evaluated for each stroke scale to explore the level of accuracy in LVO prediction. Results: A total of 145 patients were included in the analysis. LVO was detected in 37.2% of patients. The Area Under Curve of the LARIO score was 0.951 (95%CI: 0.902–0.980), similar to NIHSS and higher than other scales. The cut-off score for best performance of the LARIO stroke scale was higher than 3 (positive predictive value: 77% and negative predictive value: 100%). Conclusion: The LARIO stroke scale is a simple tool, showing high accuracy in detecting LVO, even if with some limitations due to some false positive cases. Its efficacy has to be confirmed in a pre-hospital setting and other centers.
Published: 2019
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36. Stroke-like attack: first episode of sporadic hemiplegic migraine

Author: Marco Longoni, Elio Agostoni, Enrico Ferrante, and Valentina Prone
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Neurology, Migraine with Aura, Dermatology, Diagnosis, Differential, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, medicine.diagnostic_sign, Stroke, Neuroradiology, First episode, Electroencephalography, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Hyperintensity, Migraine with aura, Psychiatry and Mental health, Plantar reflex, Migraine, Anesthesia, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Hemiplegic migraine (HM) is a rare migraine with aura; it can be familiar or sporadic. A 46-years-old man presented left migraine followed by right hemiparesis with bilateral plantar flexion of cutaneous plantar reflex (CPR). Brain CT and CT-angiography were normal. The next day patient got worse. The EEG showed left fronto-temporal cuspidate delta waves and brain MRI showed a minimal hyperintensity at T2-sequences in the left frontal cortex with a minor representation of the cortical veins at susceptibility weighted imaging sequences. After 3 days, he had a progressive neurological improvement. After 2 weeks, EEG and brain MRI were normal. He was discharged with diagnosis of probably first attack of sporadic HM and after 8 months he was asymptomatic. The normal CPR on the hemiplegic side might be a clinical marker of functional hemiplegia. For the international classification of headache disorder (ICHD-3) two attacks are necessary for HM diagnosis. We propose for the first attack of HM to make diagnosis of "probable" HM as expected to the same ICHD-3 for migraine. Further studies are necessary to support our hypotheses.
Published: 2017
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37. Neoclassical realism and Italy’s military behaviour, 1946–2010: a combined dyad/nation analysis

Author: Gian Marco Longoni, Paolo Rosa, Paolo Foradori, and Stefano Benati
Subjects: Neoclassical realism, Quantitative analysis (finance), Political Science and International Relations, Economics, Positive economics, Dyad
Abstract: This article carries out a quantitative analysis of the military behaviour of Italy from 1946 to 2010 using neoclassical realism as the theoretical framework. By overcoming the limits of traditiona...
Published: 2020
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38. Headache due to endovascular procedures

Author: Marco Longoni and Elio Agostoni
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Neurology, business.industry, General surgery, Endovascular Procedures, MEDLINE, Headache, Dermatology, General Medicine, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, Psychiatry and Mental health, 0302 clinical medicine, Medicine, Humans, Female, Neurology (clinical), Neurosurgery, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Neuroradiology
Published: 2018

39. Mechanical Thrombectomy in Strokes with Large-Vessel Occlusion Beyond 6 Hours: A Pooled Analysis of Randomized Trials

Author: Marco Longoni, Elio Agostoni, Luca Valvassori, and Simone Vidale
Subjects: Randomization, medicine.medical_treatment, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, mechanical thrombectomy, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Occlusion, medicine, therapeutic time window, 6 hours, Stroke, business.industry, Odds ratio, Thrombolysis, medicine.disease, stroke, Mechanical thrombectomy, meta-analysis, Neurology, Meta-analysis, Anesthesia, Original Article, Neurology (clinical), large-vessel occlusion, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Mechanical thrombectomy with or without intravenous thrombolysis is indicated in the acute treatment of ischemic strokes caused by an emergent large-vessel occlusion (ELVO) within 6 hours from symptom onset. However, a significant proportion of patients are referred to comprehensive stroke centers beyond this therapeutic time window. This study performed a pooled analysis of data from trials in which mechanical thrombectomy was performed beyond 6 hours from symptom onset. METHODS We searched for randomized controlled trials that compared mechanical thrombectomy with the best medical treatment beyond 6 hours for ischemic strokes due to ELVO and reported on between 1990 and April 2018. The intervention group comprised patients treated with mechanical thrombectomy. Statistical analysis was conducted while pooling data and analyzing fixed- or random-effects models as appropriate. RESULTS Four trials involving 518 stroke patients met the eligibility criteria. There were 267 strokes treated with mechanical thrombectomy, with a median time of 10.8 hours between when the patient was last known to be well to randomization. We observed a significant difference between groups concerning the rate of functional independence at 90 days from stroke, with an absolute difference of 27.5% (odds ratio=3.33, 95% CI=1.81-6.12, p
Published: 2018

40. A wearable device for online and long-term ECG monitoring

Author: Pasqualina Fragneto, Marco Pessione, Marco Longoni, Beatrice Rossi, Giacomo Boracchi, and Diego Carrera
Subjects: Ecg monitoring, Computer science, Real-time computing, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Wearable computer, 020206 networking & telecommunications, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, 02 engineering and technology, Term (time)
Abstract: We present a prototype wearable device able to perform online and long-term monitoring of ECG signals, and detect anomalous heartbeats such as arrhythmias. Our solution is based on user-specific dictionaries which characterizes the morphology of normal heartbeats and are learned every time the device is positioned. Anomalies are detected via an optimized sparse coding procedure, which assesses the conformance of each heartbeat to the user-specific dictionary. The dictionaries are adapted during online monitoring, to track heart rate variations occurring during everyday activities. Perhaps surprisingly, dictionary adaptation can be successfully performed by transformations that are user-independent and learned from large datasets of ECG signals.
Published: 2018

41. Endovascular Treatment of Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion: Registro Endovascolare Lombardo Occlusione Basilar Artery (RELOBA) Study Group Experience

Author: Mario Crispino, Andrea Giorgianni, Roberto Gasparotti, Luca Valvassori, Martino Cellerini, Giuseppe Faragò, Elvis Lafe, Dikran Mardighian, M. Frigerio, Mariangela Piano, Guglielmo Pero, Marco Longoni, Luca Quilici, S. Strocchi, Marco Pavia, Roberto Peroni, Carlo Pellegrino, Paolo Reganati, Paolo Remida, and Francesco Biraschi
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, medicine.medical_treatment, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, Disability Evaluation, 0302 clinical medicine, Recovery of Function Registries Retrospective Studies Risk Factors *Thrombectomy/adverse effects/methods/mortality Time Factors Treatment Outcome Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency/diagnostic imaging/mortality/physiopathology/*therapy Stroke basilar artery occlusion posterior circulation thrombectomy thrombolysis, Modified Rankin Scale, Risk Factors, medicine.artery, medicine, Basilar artery, Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency, Humans, Registries, Prospective cohort study, Stroke, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Thrombectomy, Univariate analysis, Chi-Square Distribution, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Rehabilitation, Endovascular Procedures, Retrospective cohort study, Thrombolysis, Recovery of Function, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Surgery, Cerebral Angiography, Logistic Models, Treatment Outcome, Italy, Acute Disease, Multivariate Analysis, Female, Neurology (clinical), Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Cerebral angiography
Abstract: Acute basilar artery occlusion (BAO) is considered among the most severe medical emergencies, with very high morbidity and mortality. The aims of this study are to present 5 years experience of 12 centers in Lombardy region on BAO endovascular treatment and to evaluate prognostic factors that may improve clinical outcomes and recanalization rates.Registro Endovascolare Lombardo Occlusione Basilar Artery (RELOBA) registry is a retrospective multicentric collection of patients with acute BAO who underwent endovascular treatment between 2010 and 2015. A total of 102 patients (mean age 65 years) were included. Clinical, procedural, and neuroradiological data were collected. Angiographic results (Treatment in Cerebral Ischemia scale [TICI] score 2b-3) were assessed by each center's interventional neuroradiologist. Good clinical outcome was considered as a modified Rankin Scale score ranging between 0 and 2 in a 3-month follow-up.Thirty-nine percent of patients showed good clinical outcome at 3 months. Mortality rate was 30%. TICI 2b-3 was achieved in 62% of patients. Univariate analysis showed that age, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) at onset, time to recanalization, and TICI score were all statistically significant clinical outcome predictors (P.05). Multivariate logistic regression showed that time to recanalization, age, and NIHSS at onset were significant independent predictors of good outcome.BAO treatment needs more efforts to assure patients better clinical outcomes. Mechanical thrombectomy is feasible and effective in patients with acute BAO. These results must be confirmed by further prospective studies within randomized controlled settings.
Published: 2018

42. Ischemic Stroke

Author: Giuseppe D’Aliberti, Marco Longoni, Cristina Motto, Valentina Oppo, Valentina Perini, Luca Valvassori, Simone Vidale, Giuseppe D’Aliberti, Marco Longoni, Cristina Motto, Valentina Oppo, Valentina Perini, Luca Valvassori, and Simone Vidale
Subjects: Cerebral ischemia
Abstract: This book provides detailed practical guidance on the management of acute ischemic stroke in the clinical settings encountered in daily practice. Real-life cases are used to depict a wide range of clinical scenarios and to highlight significant aspects of management of ischemic stroke. In addition, diagnostic and therapeutic protocols are presented and helpful decision-making algorithms are provided that are specific to the different professionals involved in delivery of acute stroke care and to differing types of hospital facility. The coverage is completed by the inclusion of up-to-date scientific background information relevant to diagnosis and therapy. Throughout, the approach adopted is both practical and multidisciplinary. The book will be of value for all practitioners involved in the provision of acute stroke care, and also for medical students.
Published: 2017

43. Hemorrhagic Stroke

Author: Edoardo Boccardi, Marco Cenzato, Francesco Curto, Marco Longoni, Cristina Motto, Valentina Oppo, Valentina Perini, Simone Vidale, Edoardo Boccardi, Marco Cenzato, Francesco Curto, Marco Longoni, Cristina Motto, Valentina Oppo, Valentina Perini, and Simone Vidale
Subjects: Brain--Hemorrhage
Abstract: This book provides detailed practical guidance on the management of hemorrhagic stroke in the clinical settings encountered in daily practice. Real-life cases are used to depict a wide range of clinical scenarios and to highlight significant aspects of management of hemorrhagic stroke. In addition, diagnostic and therapeutic protocols are presented and helpful decision-making algorithms are provided that are specific to the different professionals involved in delivery of stroke care and to differing types of hospital facility. The coverage is completed by the inclusion of up-to-date scientific background information relevant to diagnosis and therapy. Throughout, the approach adopted is both practical and multidisciplinary. The book will be of value for all practitioners involved in the provision of stroke care, and also for medical students.
Published: 2017

44. Hemorrhagic Stroke

Author: Edoardo Boccardi, Marco Cenzato, Francesco Curto, Marco Longoni, Cristina Motto, Valentina Oppo, Valentina Perini, and Simone Vidale
Published: 2017
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45. Ischemic Stroke

Author: Giuseppe D’Aliberti, Marco Longoni, Cristina Motto, Valentina Oppo, Valentina Perini, Luca Valvassori, and Simone Vidale
Published: 2017
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46. Clinical Cases

Author: Elio Agostoni, Edoardo Boccardi, Marco Cenzato, and Marco Longoni
Published: 2016
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47. Differentiated Decisional Algorithms

Author: Elio Agostoni, Simone Vidale, and Marco Longoni
Subjects: Telemedicine, Government, Rehabilitation, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Thrombolysis, Evidence-based medicine, Teleradiology, medicine.disease, law.invention, Randomized controlled trial, law, medicine, cardiovascular diseases, Medical emergency, business, Stroke
Abstract: All patients with stroke or suspected stroke benefit from integrated stroke care systems which are created following the recommendations in the guidelines of the American Heart Association (AHA)/American Stroke Association (ASA) [1]. These care systems include hospitals for treating acute stroke, which often offer telemedicine and teleradiology, comprehensive stroke units, emergency units, public agencies and government resources. The objectives are prevention of stroke, optimal use of emergency departments, treatment of acute and subacute stroke, rehabilitation and follow-up, as well as educational programmes. Randomized clinical trials have shown that patients treated in primary stroke centres have a better outcome than patients treated in facilities without a stroke unit and that the rate of thrombolysis is higher; thus in the AHA/ASA guidelines, the creation of primary stroke centres is recommended (Class I, Evidence Level B), pointing out that these centres must be certified by an external organization. They further recommend setting up a multidisciplinary “improvement and quality” commission for reviewing and monitoring quality indicators, such as quality of care, evidence-based practice and prognosis (Class I, Level of Evidence B), in order to identify any deficiencies and to arrange to have them corrected.
Published: 2016
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48. Clinical Cases

Author: Marco Longoni, Giuseppe D’Aliberti, Valentina Oppo, and Luca Valvassori
Published: 2016
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49. Platelet Glutamate Uptake and Release in Migraine With and Without Aura

Author: M. Vaccaro, Chiara Riva, Lucio Tremolizzo, A. Rigamonti, Maurizio Leone, Marco Longoni, Elio Agostoni, Gennaro Bussone, Angelo Aliprandi, Carlo Ferrarese, Vaccaro, M, Riva, C, Tremolizzo, L, Longoni, M, Aliprandi, A, Agostoni, E, Rigamonti, A, Leone, M, Bussone, G, and Ferrarese, C
Subjects: Adult, Blood Platelets, Male, Migraine without Aura, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Aura, Migraine with Aura, Glutamic Acid, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, 03 medical and health sciences, Glutamatergic, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Platelet, Aged, business.industry, Glutamate receptor, General Medicine, Glutamic acid, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Migraine with aura, Endocrinology, glutamate uptake, migraine, platelet, Migraine, Anesthesia, Cortical spreading depression, Female, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Glutamate may play an important role in the pathogenesis of migraine: glutamate release in the brain may be involved in the development of spreading depression and increased concentrations of this amino acid have been reported in plasma and platelets from migraine patients. Here we assessed platelet glutamate uptake and release in 25 patients affected by migraine with aura (MA) and 25 patients affected by migraine without aura (MoA), comparing the results with a group of 20 healthy matched controls. Both glutamate release from stimulated platelets and plasma concentrations of the amino acid were assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography, and were increased in both types of migraine, although more markedly in MA. Platelet glutamate uptake, assessed as 3H-glutamate intake, was increased in MA, while it was reduced in MoA with respect to the control group. These results support the view that MA might involve different pathophysiological mechanisms from MoA and, specifically, up-regulation of the glutamatergic metabolism. Understanding these dysfunctional pathways could lead to new, possibly more successful therapeutic approaches to the management of migraine.
Published: 2007
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50. Inflammatory Diseases of Cerebral Arteries

Author: Marco Longoni and Elio Agostoni
Subjects: Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Necrosis, business.industry, Multiple sclerosis, Cerebral arteries, Inflammation, medicine.disease, Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome, Brain arteries, medicine, Sarcoidosis, medicine.symptom, CADASIL, business
Abstract: Vasculitides of brain arteries are isolated inflammation and necrosis of cerebral vessels without systemic involvement. They must be differentiated from reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome, multiple sclerosis, systemic diseases and infections, neoplasms, and CADASIL.
Published: 2015
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