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Additional file 1: Table S1. Canadian guidelines according to age groups.

Additional file 2: Table S2. Studies bias assessment using the NIH quality assessment tool for observational cohort and cross-sectional studies.

© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)., Musculoskeletal (MSK) injuries have a significant physical and psychological influence on an athlete's life. A systematic review of prospective cohort, cross-sectional, and case-control studies was undertaken in this study to analyze the association between MSK injuries with depressive symptoms in athletes. We searched on PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, with data inception to 15 February 2023. The methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Of the 3677 potential studies only nine were included. These studies showed a bidirectional association between MSK injuries and depressive symptoms. Athletes with MSK injuries had higher levels of depressive symptoms, which raises the likelihood of experiencing depression in the future. Women athletes had higher levels of depressive symptoms compared with men. The presence of depressive symptoms is a significant predictor of disability in athletes. Our findings suggest that coaches should be more aware of depressive symptoms, in order to prevent MSK injuries, and to monitor athletes following an MSK injury.

© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)., Background: Cancer patients must deal with several health challenges, including emotional distress and depressive symptoms. This study aimed to evaluate evidence from published systematic reviews and meta-analyses about the efficacy of exercise on depressive symptoms in cancer patients. Methods: We searched for previous meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials on PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus, with data inception to 30 December 2021. Two independent researchers assessed the methodological quality using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR2) instrument. Six meta-analyses were integrated. All included middle-aged and older adults. Five presented moderate quality, and one presented low quality. Results: Overall, a significant reduction in depressive symptoms was observed among the included studies. However, the heterogeneity between studies was high, and high-quality evidence for the efficacy of exercise on depressive symptoms was limited. Conclusions: Exercise could be a possibility in the treatment of depressive symptoms in cancer patients, especially when supervised and outside the home. The better dose of exercise needs to be clarified. More high-quality evidence is needed to better prescribe exercise to this vulnerable population., This work was supported by the Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES—Overcoming vulnerability: life course perspectives, granted by the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant number: 51NF40-185901). AI acknowledges support from the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant number: 10001C_189407).

© 2022 The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel. This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC). Usage and distribution for commercial purposes requires written permission. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements., Introduction: We investigated the mediating role of leisure activity engagement as marker of cognitive reserve in the relation between neighborhood socio-economic position (SEP) and cognitive decline over 6 years. Methods: The study analyzed longitudinal data from 897 older adults who participated in the two waves (2011 and 2017) of the Vivre-Leben-Vivere (VLV) survey in Switzerland (M = 74.33 years in the first wave). Trail Making Test parts A and B were administered in both waves. Leisure activity engagement was assessed during interviews. Neighborhood SEP was derived from the Swiss Neighborhood Index of Socio-Economic Position (Swiss-SEP), provided by the Swiss National Cohort (SNC). Results: Latent change score modeling revealed that 42.5% of the relationship between higher neighborhood SEP and smaller cognitive decline was mediated via a higher frequency of leisure activities in the first wave. Conclusion: Neighborhood SEP constitutes an important contextual factor potentially influencing the pathways of cognitive reserve accumulation and, therefore, should be taken into account to better understand their effects on cognitive decline in old age., A.I. acknowledges support from the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant No. 10001C_189407). This work was further supported by the Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES – Overcoming vulnerability: Life course perspectives, granted by the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant No. 51NF40-185901). E.R.G. and B.R.G. acknowledge support from LARSyS – Portuguese national funding agency for science, research and technology (FCT) Pluriannual funding 2020–2023 (Reference: UIDB/50009/2020).

This study aimed to analyze the association of healthy lifestyle behaviors with overweight and obesity among Europeans aged 65+ years. Data were from the 2014 European Social Survey, analyzing 21 countries. Five lifestyle behaviors (physical activity, fruit and vegetable consumption, sleep quality, drinking alcohol, and smoking) were analyzed. Binary logistic regressions were performed. A total of 8938 participants (4099 men) 65 years and older, mean age&mdash, 73.6 (SD: 6.6) presented prevalence of overweight of 42.3% (95% CI: 41.3 to 43.3) and obesity of 20.9% (95% CI: 20.1 to 21.8). Adopting five healthy behaviors was associated with lower odds of obesity (OR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.39 to 0.63), but not overweight (OR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.79 to 1.10). Physical activity (&ge, 5 days/week) was the most protective behavior, reducing by 42% the odds of obesity. Sex moderated the association of fruits and vegetables consumption, alcohol use, and smoking with obesity. Strategies aiming to reduce obesity levels in older adults should focus on the promotion of multiple lifestyle health behaviors, particularly physical activity in order to decrease vulnerability risk in old age.

Healh self-management is the ability to manage internal and external resources, knowledge and motivations related to a chronic clinical condition. The present study proposes the translation and cultural adaptation for the portuguese language, as well as the psychometric properties, of the Communication with Physicians (CwP) and Cognitive Symptoms Management (CSM) scales. After constituting the final version of the scales in the European Portuguese language and culturally adapted to the adult population with chronic disease, the scales were initially applied to a sample of 30 participants, in order to obtain the test-retest reliability, and later to a sample of 217 participants for evaluation of psychometric properties. Participants all had at least one chronic illness and were over 18 years old. The results showed adequate values for the test-retest reliability of 0.72 for the CwP scale and 0.84 for the CSM scale. After confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), acceptable adjustment indexes ranging from 0.37 to 0.87 were found. The composite reliability values were 0.75 for CwP and 0.73 for CSM. Contracts VEM was 0.75 for CwP and 0.32 for CSM. The CFI value was 0.84 and the GFI value was 0.90. The questionnaires were successfully translated and culturally adapted. The AFC values confirm the validity of the psychometric properties to be used in the portuguese population with chronic disease. A autogestão na saúde é compreendida como a habilidade para gerir recursos internos, externos, conhecimentos e motivações relacionados com uma condição clínica crónica. O presente estudo propõe a tradução e adaptação cultural para a população portuguesa, bem como as propriedades psicométricas, das escalas Communication with Physicians (CwP) e Cognitive Symptoms Management (CSM). Após constituída a versão final das escalas no idioma português europeu e adaptada culturalmente para a população adulta com doença crónica, as escalas foram aplicadas inicialmente a uma amostra de 30 participantes, tendo em vista a obtenção da fiabilidade teste reteste, e posteriormente a uma amostra de 217 participantes para avaliação das propriedades psicométricas. Os participantes tinham todos pelo menos uma doença crónica e idade superior a 18 anos. Os resultados demonstraram valores adequados para a fiabilidade teste reteste de 0,72 para a escala CwP e 0,84 para a escala CSM. Após Análise Fatorial Confirmatória (AFC), foram encontrados índices de ajustamento aceitáveis variando de 0,37 a 0,87. Os valores da fiabilidade compósita foram de 0,75 para a CwP e de 0,73 para a CSM. A variância extraída da média (VEM) dos contructos foi de 0,75 para a CwP e 0,32 para a CSM. O valor de CFI foi de 0,84 e o de GFI foi de 0,90. Os questionários foram traduzidos e adaptados culturalmente com sucesso. Os valores da AFC evidenciam a validade das escalas CwP e CSM para a população portuguesa com doença crónica. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion