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Injuries to the patellar tendon (PT) are associated with knee function deterioration and loss of the capacity to perform daily and sports activities. Patellar tendon injury is often misdiagnosed at emergency rooms, leading to chronic proximal retraction and a challenging clinical scenario. Proximal PT injuries are more common, while distal ones, which can involve tibial bone avulsion fractures or direct tendon avulsion, are rarer. The low incidence of distal PT rupture and the variety of injury patterns make a personal approach reasonable when based on the intraoperative findings and the surgeon's experience. Our purpose is to describe a surgical technique to restore the knee extensor mechanism after chronic distal PT rupture using two kinds of graft, one as a waveform augmentation of the native tendon and the other as reinforcement in a letter X aspect.

This study aimed to determine the effect of growth rates on the hormonal status and puberty onset. Forty-eight Nellore heifers weaned at 3.0 ± 0.1 months old were blocked according to BW at weaning (84 ± 2 kg) and randomly assigned to treatments. The treatments were arranged in 2 x 2 factorial according to the feeding program. The first program was high (H; 0.79 kg/day) or control (C; 0.45 kg/day) ADG from 3rd to 7th month of age (growing phase I). The second program was also high (H; 0.70 kg/day) or control (C; 0.50 kg/day) ADG from the 7th month until puberty (growing phase II), resulting in four treatments: HH (n = 13), HC (n = 10), CH (n = 13) and CC (n = 12). To achieve desired gains, heifers in high ADG program were fed ad libitum dry matter intake (DMI), and the control group was offered around 50% of ad libitum DMI of high group. All heifers received a diet with similar composition. Puberty was assessed weekly by ultrasound examination, and the largest follicle diameter was evaluated every month. Blood samples were collected monthly to quantify leptin, IGF1, and LH. At 7 months of age, heifers in high ADG were 35 kg heavier than the control. Heifers in the HH had greater DMI compared with CH in phase II. The puberty rate at 19 months old was greater in the HH treatment (84%) than in the CC (23%), but there was no difference between HC (60%) and CH (50%) treatments. Heifers from HH treatment had greater serum leptin concentration than others at 13 months old, and serum leptin was greater in HH compared with CH and CC at 18 months old. High heifers in phase I had greater serum IGF1 concentration than the control. In addition, HH heifers had a greater diameter of the largest follicle than CC. There was no interaction between phases and age in any variable relative to the luteinizing hormone (LH) profile. However, the heifers` age was the main factor that increased the frequency of LH pulse. In conclusion, increasing ADG was associated with greater ADG, serum leptin and IGF-1 concentration, and puberty onset; however, LH concentration was affected mainly by age of the animal. The increasing growth rate at younger age made heifers more efficient.

To increase the success and reduce failures related to anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), many techniques of lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LEAT) have been developed, mainly in revision surgeries, where a previous failure has already occurred. This study aims to report a case series of patients with failed ACLR treated with revision techniques combined with LEAT. Seven patients were retrospectively evaluated. At the postoperative analysis, in all patients, after six months of follow-up, there was no range of motion loss, there was an improvement in the functional Lysholm score, a reduction in the instability degree according to the semiological maneuvers of the anterior drawer and in pivot shift tests, compared to preoperative evaluation. No complications were observed. In conclusion, revision ACLR combined with LEAT showed good clinical functional results, without any complications reported.

Two Leptolyngbya-like cyanobacterial strains were isolated from two marine benthic environments on the Brazilian coast. These strains were cultured and characterized based on their morphology, molecular, and ultrastructural data. The two taxa were identified mainly by 16S rRNA gene phylogeny and 16S-23S ITS secondary structures since their morphology is similar to members of Leptolyngbya senso lato. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that our strains belong to Euryhalinema genus (Leptolyngbyaceae), with one strain close to type species E. mangrovii AP9F (MK402979), and the other described as a new species, E. epiphyticum sp. nov. Morphologically, both strains form green mats, had trichomes without sheath, and their thylakoid disposition is the same as described for Leptolyngbyaceae. The secondary structures Box B and D1-D1’ of the internal transcribed spacer (16S–23S ITS) also corroborated our proposal of the new species E. epiphyticum. These findings constitute the first description of a new-to-science species for this genus outside Indian marine environments. Also, it expands the knowledge on Euryhalinema systematic.

Ecological conditions in the Amazon rainforests are historically favorable for the transmission of numerous tropical diseases, especially vector-borne diseases. The high diversity of pathogens likely contributes to the strong selective pressures for human survival and reproduction in this region. However, the genetic basis of human adaptation to this complex ecosystem remains unclear. This study investigates the possible footprints of genetic adaptation to the Amazon rainforest environment by analyzing the genomic data of 19 native populations. The results based on genomic and functional analysis showed an intense signal of natural selection in a set of genes related to Trypanosoma cruzi infection, which is the pathogen responsible for Chagas disease, a neglected tropical parasitic disease native to the Americas that is currently spreading worldwide.

Esta pesquisa bibliográfica tem como objetivo fazer um estudo crítico e analítico dos mecanismos de compreensão constitucional entre o originalismo e o constitucionalismo vivo, partindo de uma análise da origem e evolução do constitucionalismo, bem como os conflitos teóricos associados às reações a tal movimento. A partir do método histórico e dialético-dedutivo, o trabalho se estrutura da seguinte forma: (i) introdução, seção em que serão levantados os principais questionamentos sobre as teorias políticas basilares do movimento constitucionalista (ii) o constitucionalismo como movimento, apresentando seus principais representantes, o pioneirismo europeu e os principais aspectos do movimento filosófico e jurídico constitucionalista emergente; (iii) a interpretação das constituições como ponto de divergência; (iv) o originalismo enquanto movimento, com a descrição de seus principais aspectos e características; e (v) o constitucionalismo vivo como resposta, com fundamentos para uma nova visão sobre o direito constitucional. Em sede de conclusão, serão contrapostos os posicionamentos e indicadas as tendências para desenvolvimento de pesquisas futuras a respeito do tema.

The Peyssonneliaceae represents the only family in the order Peyssonneliales, a clade of red encrusting algae distributed worldwide, including 136 species in eleven currently accepted genera. Delineation of genera in the Peyssonneliaceae has mostly been based on vegetative characteristics. Previous molecular phylogenies have shown that some traditionally circumscribed genera are not monophyletic and relationships among them are uncertain. We contribute to the knowledge of the evolutionary history of this clade, presenting a robust rbcL phylogeny that provides new insights on the origin and diversification of the Peyssonneliales. Based on a broad dataset and morphological analyses, we propose a revised taxonomic scheme for the Peyssonneliales resolved as monophyletic with well-supported main lineages. Our results show that Peyssonnelia is polyphyletic, and, therefore, we propose three new genera, Agissea, Olokunia, and Rhodowynnea to accommodate species currently assigned to Peyssonnelia, but distantly related to the clade with the type species of the genus. Additionally, barcoding techniques and analyzed criteria for specific delimitation supported the establishment of one new genus, Brasilophycus, and seven new species, from northeastern Brazil: Agissea amadoi, A. densissima, A. taberniforma, A. villatlantica, A. yemonjasagbae, Brasilophycus similis, and B. roseomarginatus. Our integrative taxonomic approach reveals underestimated diversity of Brazilian Peyssonneliales. Investment in broader sampling along the Brazilian coast and other tropical areas may reveal that its marine biodiversity can be expanded, enlightening our knowledge about this ecologically important group of red algae.

Introduction: The doctor-patient relationship is one of the great foundations of the vocation of medicine in the service of humanity. There can be no professional care without a solid foundation centered on trust and assertive communication. It is only then that competences such as Social Intelligence (SI) can play a defining role since they provide the physician with the practical skills, theoretical knowledge, and relevant attitudes to establish a professional relationship with the patient. Daniel Goleman presents the concept of SI as a continuation of his work on EI, where the whole cognitive process arises from self-knowledge, the ability to delve into the different spheres of the emotional-affective spectrum and self-regulation. Later, the social relationship is reached when the emotional recognition of others is based on the individual capacity for empathy which, together with a harmonized regulation, leads to the development of healthy social skills. Objective: To present the relevance of SI competence in the proper development of the doctor-patient relationship. Methods: A systematic review was carried out based on the PRISMATM statement (2009), using PubMedTM, MedigraphicTM, and ResearchgateTM as search engines. A total of 115 articles were evaluated. Results: Based on its diverse definitions, accepted since 1920, social intelligence is an essential component. However, it is clear that there is a huge contradiction because it is not really considered in formal education. Over the years, the concept of SI has evolved, while the doctor-patient relationship has become increasingly important. Conclusion: The general consensus is that the need to humanize the medical sciences leads us to reflect on the scarcely studied humanistic competences. Then, we can promote a comprehensive medical education to promote a holistic conception of health as those who suggest medicine is a vocation do.

The Gracilariaceae comprises 242 mainly tropical species, including some with significant economic value for the food and pharmaceutical industry. Accurate taxonomy is crucial for the selection of species for cultivation. However, species identification is still challenging taxonomists. Nineteen species of Gracilariaceae have so far been referred to the Brazilian coast. We describe this diversity across approximately 32 degrees of latitude, using mitochondrial (COI-5P) and plastid (UPA and rbcL) markers in species delimitation analyses (ABGD and SPN). We provide phylogenetic (based on a concatenated three-genes tree and a taxa rich rbcL tree) and barcoding analyses from a broad and partially original collection combined with morphoanatomical data, including information resulting from analyses of type specimens and topotype material. We identified twenty-five specific entities occurring on the Brazilian coast, including four new species yet to be described. Spermatangial arrangements and aspects of thallus morphology were the most useful characters for species and genera delimitation, while characters based on the anatomy of the cystocarp overlap. Our morphological analyses demonstrate the lack of exclusive characters that justify the recently proposed Gracilariaceae infrafamilial categories, and therefore we use in this work the Gracilaria sensu lato genus concept. We provide descriptions, illustrations and a dichotomous key for the identification of species occurring in Brazil.

The medial meniscal root tear, a particular meniscal injury at the level of its posterior bone insertion, leads to a loss of impact absorption and load distribution capacity, similar to total meniscectomy. Therefore, its repair is fundamental for knee joint longevity. This type of injury often occurs in middle-aged patients with lower limbs varus malalignment, which results in mechanical overloading of the medial compartment and induces premature cartilage wear out. The success of meniscal root repair, with meniscal bone reinsertion, depends on the correction and realignment of varus deformities greater than 5° for physiological levels. In this situation, corrective tibial osteotomy combined with meniscal repair is indicated. Our goal is to describe the step-by-step technique of the valgus opening wedge tibial osteotomy combined with the arthroscopic reinsertion of the posterior meniscal root in tibia during the treatment of a patient with varus deformity and medial meniscus root tear., Technique Video Video 1 The treated patient had undergone anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction approximately 8 years ago. In the panoramic radiographs of the lower limbs, we can see an asymmetric varus of the knee. Magnetic resonance imaging shows a posterior root tear of the medial meniscus. In the sagittal view, we observe the ghost sign. We start the surgical procedure with tibial osteotomy, initially performing the detachment of the superficial MCL, and we perform the osteotomy after the passage of the guidewires about 4 cm distal to the joint interline. In this case, we planned a 10° opening wedge. During the placement of the osteotomy plate, to avoid confluence with the tibial root tunnel, we place the most posterior proximal screw and distal screws in the traditional way and the most anterior proximal screw is placed in a shorter length. We start the arthroscopic time by visualizing a good medial joint space, since the superficial MCL has already been detached. In this way, we identified the posterior tibial root tear of the medial meniscus. We position the MU guide in the anatomical position of the meniscal root foot print, create the tibial tunnel with a 6-mm FlipCutter drill, bend the drill tip inside the joint, and return with it about 10 mm, creating a bone bed for the meniscus to be reinserted. With the aid of a needle guidewire, we introduce a looped ETHIBOND into this tunnel for future transport of the other threads. With the Knee Scorpion device, we pass a FiberWire over the end of the meniscus, and make Mickey's ear stitch into the wire, repeating this step with 2 more FiberWire threads, performing the second stitch on the second FiberWire, completing then 3 stitches. We transport the 3 FiberWires to the tibial tunnel through the ETHIBOND wire. We use the probe as a pulley to make it easier for the 3 FiberWires to “run” correctly when pulled. We then fix the 3 wires to an ABS button, tensioning the root. We visualize the reinserted root and the meniscus returning to its normal tension. This is the postoperative radiography and this is the patient with 3 months of postoperative, undergoing rehabilitation. (MCL, medial collateral ligament.)

Tivemos como objetivo analisar os Institutos de Biologia (IBIO) das Universidades do Nordeste em termos de produção científica, orientações e equidade de gênero. Foram realizadas análises exploratórias de dados de 2015-2019 obtidos a partir do Curriculum Lattes. Temos em média de 57 docentes por IBIO, a produção está intimamente relacionada com a orientação e não com o tamanho do corpo docente. Docentes do sexo masculino são maioria (64%) entre os que têm mais produção científica, enquanto não há diferença de gênero entre os que têm menos produção científica. A produção e o número de orientações apresentam equidade de gênero, sendo este geralmente local. Os IBIO do Nordeste apresentam relevante contribuição para a ciência brasileira. Investimentos em programas de pós-graduação e iniciação científica irão auxiliar na qualidade da produção acadêmica, além do apoio a jovens pesquisadoras ajudarão a construir um espaço mais plural e de igualdade nas universidades.

Tree species have the potential to be used in different sectors and production chains. In this context, biometrics constitutes an important tool to identify the main characteristics intrinsic to the fruit and the seed. Therefore, the objective of this study was to biometrically characterize the fruits, seeds and seedlings of the species Cenostigma tocantinum Ducke, in order to obtain information on the variation of characteristics. For the evaluation of biometrics, 100 fresh fruits from different mother trees were used. The characteristics evaluated were: length, width and thickness of fruit and seeds, fruit weight, number of seeds per fruit, seedling emergence, shoot length, taproot and total seedlings. Variability was observed for the biometric characters related to the dimensions and weights of Cenostigma tocantinum fruits. The percentage of seedling emergence was 98%. The results found in this study can help in the differentiation and identification of the species, providing biometric data of important botanical characteristics and of the species in the initial stage of growth. Las especies arbóreas tienen potencial para ser utilizadas en diferentes sectores y cadenas productivas. En este contexto, la biometría constituye una importante herramienta para identificar las principales características intrínsecas del fruto y la semilla. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar biométricamente los frutos, semillas y plántulas de la especie Cenostigma tocantinum Ducke, con el fin de obtener información sobre la variación de características. Para la evaluación biométrica se utilizaron 100 frutos frescos de diferentes árboles madre. Las características evaluadas fueron: largo, ancho y grosor de frutos y semillas, peso de frutos, número de semillas por fruto, emergencia de plántulas, longitud de brotes, raíz principal y plántulas totales. Se observó variabilidad para los caracteres biométricos relacionados con las dimensiones y pesos de los frutos de Cenostigma tocantinum. El porcentaje de emergencia de plántulas fue del 98%. Los resultados encontrados en este estudio pueden ayudar en la diferenciación e identificación de las especies, proporcionando datos biométricos de importantes características botánicas y de las especies en etapa inicial de crecimiento. As espécies arbóreas têm potencial para aproveitamento em diversos setores e cadeias produtivas. Neste contexto, a biometria constitui-se em uma importante ferramenta para identificar as principais características intrínsecas ao fruto e a semente. Portanto, objetivou-se com este estudo caracterizar biometricamente os frutos, sementes e plântulas da espécie Cenostigma tocantinum Ducke, de modo a obter informações sobre a variação das características. Para a avaliação da biometria foram utilizados 100 frutos frescos de diferentes árvores matrizes. As características avaliadas foram: comprimento, largura e espessura de fruto e sementes, peso dos frutos, número de sementes por fruto, emergência de plântulas, comprimento da parte aérea, raiz principal e total das plântulas. Constatou-se variabilidade paras os caracteres biométricos relacionados as dimensões e pesos de frutos de Cenostigma tocantinum. O percentual de emergência das plântulas foi de 98%. Os resultados encontrados nesse estudo podem auxiliar na diferenciação e identificação da espécie, fornecendo dados biométricos de importantes características botânicas e da espécie no estágio inicial do crescimento.

Algae that are found in the coastal regions are an important food source for humans and animals. They are highly susceptible to the influence of environmental parameters on their chemical composition. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the influence of seasons (dry and rainy) and species on the biochemical composition of the seaweeds Ulva fasciata, Crassiphycus corneus, and Sargassum vulgare occurring in tropical environment. It was found that crude protein (10.32–22.93%), total lipids (1.74–4.11%), ash (16.51–36.79%), carbohydrates (23.55–42.24%), and neutral detergent fiber (16.50–25.20%) differed significantly among species (p