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1. The Psychological Science Accelerator’s COVID-19 rapid-response dataset

Author

Erin M. Buchanan, Savannah C. Lewis, Bastien Paris, Patrick S. Forscher, Jeffrey M. Pavlacic, Julie E. Beshears, Shira Meir Drexler, Amélie Gourdon-Kanhukamwe, Peter R Mallik, Miguel Alejandro A. Silan, Jeremy K. Miller, Hans IJzerman, Hannah Moshontz, Jennifer L. Beaudry, Jordan W. Suchow, Christopher R. Chartier, Nicholas A. Coles, MohammadHasan Sharifian, Anna Louise Todsen, Carmel A. Levitan, Flávio Azevedo, Nicole Legate, Blake Heller, Alexander J. Rothman, Charles A. Dorison, Brian P. Gill, Ke Wang, Vaughan W. Rees, Nancy Gibbs, Amit Goldenberg, Thuy-vy Thi Nguyen, James J. Gross, Gwenaêl Kaminski, Claudia C. von Bastian, Mariola Paruzel-Czachura, Farnaz Mosannenzadeh, Soufian Azouaghe, Alexandre Bran, Susana Ruiz-Fernandez, Anabela Caetano Santos, Niv Reggev, Janis H. Zickfeld, Handan Akkas, Myrto Pantazi, Ivan Ropovik, Max Korbmacher, Patrícia Arriaga, Biljana Gjoneska, Lara Warmelink, Sara G. Alves, Gabriel Lins de Holanda Coelho, Stefan Stieger, Vidar Schei, Paul H. P. Hanel, Barnabas Szaszi, Maksim Fedotov, Jan Antfolk, Gabriela-Mariana Marcu, Jana Schrötter, Jonas R. Kunst, Sandra J. Geiger, Adeyemi Adetula, Halil Emre Kocalar, Julita Kielińska, Pavol Kačmár, Ahmed Bokkour, Oscar J. Galindo-Caballero, Ikhlas Djamai, Sara Johanna Pöntinen, Bamikole Emmanuel AGESIN, Teodor Jernsäther, Anum Urooj, Nikolay R. Rachev, Maria Koptjevskaja-Tamm, Murathan Kurfalı, Ilse L. Pit, Ranran Li, Sami Çoksan, Dmitrii Dubrov, Tamar Elise Paltrow, Gabriel Baník, Tatiana Korobova, Anna Studzinska, Xiaoming Jiang, John Jamir Benzon R. Aruta, Jáchym Vintr, Faith Chiu, Lada Kaliska, Jana B. Berkessel, Murat Tümer, Sara Morales-Izquierdo, Hu Chuan-Peng, Kevin Vezirian, Anna Dalla Rosa, Olga Bialobrzeska, Martin R. Vasilev, Julia Beitner, Ondřej Kácha, Barbara Žuro, Minja Westerlund, Mina Nedelcheva-Datsova, Andrej Findor, Dajana Krupić, Marta Kowal, Adrian Dahl Askelund, Razieh Pourafshari, Jasna Milošević Đorđević, Nadya-Daniela Schmidt, Ekaterina Baklanova, Anna Szala, Ilya Zakharov, Marek A. Vranka, Keiko Ihaya, Caterina Grano, Nicola Cellini, Michał Białek, Lisa Anton-Boicuk, Ilker Dalgar, Arca Adıgüzel, Jeroen P. H. Verharen, Princess Lovella G. Maturan, Angelos P. Kassianos, Raquel Oliveira, Martin Čadek, Vera Cubela Adoric, Asil Ali Özdoğru, Therese E. Sverdrup, Balazs Aczel, Danilo Zambrano, Afroja Ahmed, Christian K. Tamnes, Yuki Yamada, Leonhard Volz, Naoyuki Sunami, Lilian Suter, Luc Vieira, Agata Groyecka-Bernard, Julia Arhondis Kamburidis, Ulf-Dietrich Reips, Mikayel Harutyunyan, Gabriel Agboola Adetula, Tara Bulut Allred, Krystian Barzykowski, Benedict G Antazo, Andras N. Zsido, Dušana Dušan Šakan, Wilson Cyrus-Lai, Lina Pernilla Ahlgren, Matej Hruška, Diego Vega, Efisio Manunta, Aviv Mokady, Mariagrazia Capizzi, Marcel Martončik, Nicolas Say, Katarzyna Filip, Roosevelt Vilar, Karolina Staniaszek, Milica Vdovic, Matus Adamkovic, Niklas Johannes, Nandor Hajdu, Noga Cohen, Clara Overkott, Dino Krupić, Barbora Hubena, Gustav Nilsonne, Giovanna Mioni, Claudio Singh Solorzano, Tatsunori Ishii, Zhang Chen, Elizaveta Kushnir, Cemre Karaarslan, Rafael R. Ribeiro, Ahmed Khaoudi, Małgorzata Kossowska, Jozef Bavolar, Karlijn Hoyer, Marta Roczniewska, Alper Karababa, Maja Becker, Renan P. Monteiro, Yoshihiko Kunisato, Irem Metin-Orta, Sylwia Adamus, Luca Kozma, Gabriela Czarnek, Artur Domurat, Eva Štrukelj, Daniela Serrato Alvarez, Michal Parzuchowski, Sébastien Massoni, Johanna Czamanski-Cohen, Ekaterina Pronizius, Fany Muchembled, Kevin van Schie, Aslı Saçaklı, Evgeniya Hristova, Anna O. Kuzminska, Abdelilah Charyate, Gijsbert Bijlstra, Reza Afhami, Nadyanna M. Majeed, Erica D. Musser, Miroslav Sirota, Robert M. Ross, Siu Kit Yeung, Marietta Papadatou-Pastou, Francesco Foroni, Inês A. T. Almeida, Dmitry Grigoryev, David M. G. Lewis, Dawn L. Holford, Steve M. J. Janssen, Srinivasan Tatachari, Carlota Batres, Jonas K. Olofsson, Shimrit Daches, Anabel Belaus, Gerit Pfuhl, Nadia Sarai Corral-Frias, Daniela Sousa, Jan Philipp Röer, Peder Mortvedt Isager, Hendrik Godbersen, Radoslaw B. Walczak, Natalia Van Doren, Dongning Ren, Tripat Gill, Martin Voracek, Lisa M. DeBruine, Michele Anne, Sanja Batić Očovaj, Andrew G. Thomas, Alexios Arvanitis, Thomas Ostermann, Kelly Wolfe, Nwadiogo Chisom Arinze, Carsten Bundt, Claus Lamm, Robert J Calin-Jageman, William E. Davis, Maria Karekla, Saša Zorjan, Lisa M. Jaremka, Jim Uttley, Monika Hricova, Monica A Koehn, Natalia Kiselnikova, Hui Bai, Anthony J. Krafnick, Busra Bahar Balci, Tonia Ballantyne, Samuel Lins, Zahir Vally, Celia Esteban-Serna, Kathleen Schmidt, Paulo Manuel L. Macapagal, Paulina Szwed, Przemysław Marcin Zdybek, David Moreau, W. Matthew Collins, Jennifer A. Joy-Gaba, Iris Vilares, Ulrich S. Tran, Jordane Boudesseul, Nihan Albayrak-Aydemir, Barnaby James Wyld Dixson, Jennifer T Perillo, Ana Ferreira, Erin C. Westgate, Christopher L. Aberson, Azuka Ikechukwu Arinze, Bastian Jaeger, Muhammad Mussaffa Butt, Jaime R. Silva, Daniel Shafik Storage, Allison P Janak, William Jiménez-Leal, Jose A. Soto, Agnieszka Sorokowska, Randy McCarthy, Alexa M Tullett, Martha Frias-Armenta, Matheus Fernando Felix Ribeiro, Andree Hartanto, Paul A. G. Forbes, Megan L. Willis, María del Carmen Tejada R, Adriana Julieth Olaya Torres, Ian D Stephen, David C. Vaidis, Anabel de la Rosa-Gómez, Karen Yu, Clare A. M. Sutherland, Mathi Manavalan, Behzad Behzadnia, Jan Urban, Ernest Baskin, Joseph P. McFall, Chisom Esther Ogbonnaya, Cynthia H. Y. Fu, Rima-Maria Rahal, Izuchukwu L. G. Ndukaihe, Thomas J. Hostler, Heather Barry Kappes, Piotr Sorokowski, Meetu Khosla, Ljiljana B. Lazarevic, Luis Eudave, Johannes K. Vilsmeier, Elkin O. Luis, Rafał Muda, Elena Agadullina, Rodrigo A. Cárcamo, Crystal Reeck, Gulnaz Anjum, Mónica Camila Toro Venegas, Michal Misiak, Richard M. Ryan, Nora L. Nock, Giovanni A. Travaglino, Michael C. Mensink, Gilad Feldman, Aaron L. Wichman, Weilun Chou, Ignazio Ziano, Martin Seehuus, William J. Chopik, Franki Y. H. Kung, Joelle Carpentier, Leigh Ann Vaughn, Hongfei Du, Qinyu Xiao, Tiago J. S. Lima, Chris Noone, Sandersan Onie, Frederick Verbruggen, Theda Radtke, and Maximilian A. Primbs

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Measurement(s) COVID-19 Protocols, Restrictions • Health Behaviors • Personality and Behavioral Change, CTCAE • Emotion • Message Framing • Self-Determination Technology Type(s) Survey • Experiment Design Type Factor Type(s) COVID-19 Protocols, Restrictions • Health Behaviors • Loss-Gain Framing • Cognitive Reappraisal • Self-Determination Messaging Sample Characteristic - Organism Homo Sample Characteristic - Environment Daily Life Sample Characteristic - Location North America • South America • Africa • Australia • Europe • United Kingdom • Asia

Published
2023
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2. The process of replication target selection in psychology: what to consider?

Author

Merle-Marie Pittelkow, Sarahanne M. Field, Peder M. Isager, Anna E. van’t Veer, Thomas Anderson, Scott N. Cole, Tomáš Dominik, Roger Giner-Sorolla, Sebahat Gok, Tom Heyman, Marc Jekel, Timothy J. Luke, David B. Mitchell, Rik Peels, Rosina Pendrous, Samuel Sarrazin, Jacob M. Schauer, Eva Specker, Ulrich S. Tran, Marek A. Vranka, Jelte M. Wicherts, Naoto Yoshimura, Rolf A. Zwaan, and Don van Ravenzwaaij

Subjects
replication, study selection, consensus, Science
Abstract

Increased execution of replication studies contributes to the effort to restore credibility of empirical research. However, a second generation of problems arises: the number of potential replication targets is at a serious mismatch with available resources. Given limited resources, replication target selection should be well-justified, systematic and transparently communicated. At present the discussion on what to consider when selecting a replication target is limited to theoretical discussion, self-reported justifications and a few formalized suggestions. In this Registered Report, we proposed a study involving the scientific community to create a list of considerations for consultation when selecting a replication target in psychology. We employed a modified Delphi approach. First, we constructed a preliminary list of considerations. Second, we surveyed psychologists who previously selected a replication target with regards to their considerations. Third, we incorporated the results into the preliminary list of considerations and sent the updated list to a group of individuals knowledgeable about concerns regarding replication target selection. Over the course of several rounds, we established consensus regarding what to consider when selecting a replication target. The resulting checklist can be used for transparently communicating the rationale for selecting studies for replication.

Published
2023
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3. Predictors of Bribe-Taking: The Role of Bribe Size and Personality

Author

Marek A. Vranka and Štěpán Bahník

Subjects
morality, corruption, bribe-taking, HEXACO, reaction times, Psychology, BF1-990
Abstract

Laboratory studies allow studying the predictors of bribe-taking in a controlled setting. However, presently used laboratory tasks often lack any connection to norm violation or invite participants to role-play. A new experimental task for studying the decision to take a bribe was designed in this study to overcome these problems by embedding the opportunity for bribe-taking in an unrelated task that participants perform. Using this new experimental task, we found that refraining from harming a third party by taking a bribe was associated with lower offered bribes and higher scores of the participants on the honesty-humility scale from the HEXACO personality inventory. A trial-level analysis showed that response times were longer for trials with bribes and even longer for trials in which bribes were accepted. These results suggest that taking a bribe may require overcoming automatic honest response and support the validity of the honesty-humility scale in predicting moral behavior.

Published
2018
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4. Deciding What to Replicate

Author

Daniel Lakens, Ivan Ropovik, Marco Perugini, Joachim I. Krueger, Marek A. Vranka, Anna van 't Veer, K. Andrew DeSoto, Peder M. Isager, Robbie C. M. van Aert, Roger Giner-Sorolla, Mark J. Brandt, Štěpán Bahník, Human Technology Interaction, and Department of Methodology and Statistics

Subjects
bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics, MetaArXiv|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Statistics and Probability|Design of Experiments and Sample Surveys, Expected utility, Computer science, Decision theory, media_common.quotation_subject, Replication, Replication value, Replication (computing), MetaArXiv|Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Resource (project management), Risk analysis (engineering), Study selection, bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Statistics and Probability, MetaArXiv|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Statistics and Probability, Psychology (miscellaneous), Function (engineering), Decision model, bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Statistics and Probability|Design of Experiments and Sample Surveys, Selection (genetic algorithm), Expected utility hypothesis, media_common, Causal model
Abstract

Robust scientific knowledge is contingent upon replication of original findings. However, replicating researchers are constrained by resources, and will almost always have to choose one replication effort to focus on from a set of potential candidates. To select a candidate efficiently in these cases, we need methods for deciding which out of all candidates considered would be the most useful to replicate, given some overall goal researchers wish to achieve. In this article we assume that the overall goal researchers wish to achieve is to maximize the utility gained by conducting the replication study. We then propose a general rule for study selection in replication research based on the replication value of the set of claims considered for replication. The replication value of a claim is defined as the maximum expected utility we could gain by conducting a replication of the claim, and is a function of (a) the value of being certain about the claim, and (b) uncertainty about the claim based on current evidence. We formalize this definition in terms of a causal decision model, utilizing concepts from decision theory and causal graph modeling. We discuss the validity of using replication value as a measure of expected utility gain, and we suggest approaches for deriving quantitative estimates of replication value. Our goal in this article is not to define concrete guidelines for study selection, but to provide the necessary theoretical foundations on which such concrete guidelines could be built.Translational Abstract Replication-redoing a study using the same procedures-is an important part of checking the robustness of claims in the psychological literature. The practice of replicating original studies has been woefully devalued for many years, but this is now changing. Recent calls for improving the quality of research in psychology has generated a surge of interest in funding, conducting, and publishing replication studies. Because many studies have never been replicated, and researchers have limited time and money to perform replication studies, researchers must decide which studies are the most important to replicate. This way scientists learn the most, given limited resources. In this article, we lay out what it means to think about what is the most important thing to replicate, and we propose a general decision rule for picking a study to replicate. That rule depends on a concept we call replication value. Replication value is a function of the importance of the study, and how uncertain we are about the findings. In this article we explain how researchers can think precisely about the value of replication studies. We then discuss when and how it makes sense to use replication value as a measure of how valuable a replication study would be, and we discuss factors that funders, journals, or scientists could consider when determining how valuable a replication study is.

Published
2023

5. PSACR: The Psychological Science Accelerator's COVID-19 Rapid-response Dataset

Author

Erin Michelle Buchanan, Savannah C Lewis, Bastien Paris, Patrick S. Forscher, Jeffrey Michael Pavlacic, Julie Beshears, Amélie Gourdon-Kanhukamwe, Peter Robert Mallik, Miguel Alejandro A. Silan, Jeremy K. Miller, Hans IJzerman, Jennifer L Beaudry, Jordan W Suchow, Christopher R. Chartier, Anna Louise Todsen, Carmel Levitan, Flavio Azevedo, Nicole Legate, Ke Wang, Gwenael Kaminski, Claudia Christina von Bastian, Mariola Paruzel-Czachura, Farnaz Mosannenzadeh, Soufian Azouaghe, Alexandre Bran, Susana Ruiz-Fernandez, Anabela Caetano Santos, Niv Reggev, Janis Zickfeld, Handan Akkas, Myrto Pantazi, Ivan Ropovik, Max Korbmacher, Patricia Arriaga, Biljana Gjoneska, Lara Warmelink, Sara Gouveia Alves, Gabriel Lins Holanda Coelho, Stefan Stieger, Vidar Schei, Paul H. P. Hanel, Barnabas Szaszi, Maksim Fedotov, Jan Antfolk, Gabriela Mariana Marcu, Jana Schrötter, Jonas R. Kunst, Sandra Jeanette Geiger, Adeyemi Adetula, Halil Emre Kocalar, Julita Kielińska, Pavol Kačmár, Oscar J. Galindo-Caballero, Sara Johanna Pöntinen, Bamikole Bamikole Agesin, Teodor Jernsäther, Anum Urooj, Nikolay R. Rachev, Maria Koptjevskaja-Tamm, Murathan Kurfalı, Ilse L. Pit, Ranran Li, Sami Çoksan, Dmitrii Dubrov, Tamar Paltrow, Gabriel Baník, Tatiana Korobova, Anna Studzinska, Xiaoming Jiang, JOHN JAMIR BENZON R. ARUTA, Jáchym Vintr, Faith Chiu, Lada Kaliska, Jana Berkessel, Murat Tümer, Sara Morales-Izquierdo, Hu Chuan-Peng, Kevin Vezirian, Anna Dalla Rosa, Nicholas Alvaro Coles, Blake Heller, Alexander Rothman, Vaughan W. Rees, Nancy Gibbs, Amit Goldenberg, James Gross, Olga Bialobrzeska, Martin R. Vasilev, Julia Beitner, Ondřej Kácha, Barbara Zuro, Minja Westerlund, Mina Nedelcheva-Datsova, Andrej Findor, Dajana Krupić, Marta Kowal, Adrian Dahl Askelund, Razieh Pourafshari, Jasna Milošević Đorđević, Nadya-Daniela Schmidt, Ekaterina Baklanova, Anna Szala, Marek Albert Vranka, Keiko Ihaya, Caterina Grano, Nicola Cellini, Michal Bialek, Lisa Anton-Boicuk, Ilker Dalgar, Arca Adıgüzel, Jeroen P. H. Verharen, Princess Lovella Gonzales Maturan, Angelos Kassianos, Raquel Alves Oliveira, Martin Čadek, Vera Cubela Adoric, Asil Ali Özdoğru, Therese E Sverdrup, Balazs Aczel, Danilo Zambrano, Christian K. Tamnes, Yuki Yamada, Leonhard Volz, Naoyuki Sunami, Lilian Suter, Luc Vieira, Agata Groyecka-Bernard, Julia Kamburidis, Ulf-Dietrich Reips, Mikayel Harutyunyan, Gabriel Agboola Adetula, Tara Bulut Allred, Krystian Barzykowski, Benedict Guzman Antazo, Dušana Šakan, Wilson Cyrus-Lai, Lina Ahlgren, Matej Hruška, Efisio Manunta, Aviv Mokady, Mariagrazia Capizzi, Marcel Martončik, Nicolas Say, Roosevelt Vilar, Karolina Staniaszek, Milica Vdovic, Matus Adamkovic, Niklas Johannes, Nandor Hajdu, Noga Cohen, Clara S. R. Overkott, Dino Krupić, Barbora Hubená, Gustav Nilsonne, Giovanna Mioni, Claudio Singh Solorzano, Tatsunori Ishii, Zhang Chen, Elizaveta Kushnir, CEMRE KARAARSLAN, Rafael Ramos Ribeiro, Małgorzata Kossowska, Jozef Bavolar, Karlijn Hoyer, Marta Roczniewska, Alper KARABABA, Maja Becker, Renan P. Monteiro, Yoshihiko Kunisato, Irem Metin-Orta, Luca Kozma, Gabriela Czarnek, Artur Domurat, Eva Štrukelj, Daniela Serrato Alvarez, Sébastien Massoni, Johanna Czamanski-Cohen, Ekaterina Pronizius, Fany Muchembled, Asli Sacakli, Evgeniya Hristova, Anna O. Kuzminska, Abdelilah CHARYATE, Gijsbert Bijlstra, Reza Afhami, Nadyanna M. Majeed, Erica D. Musser, Miroslav Sirota, Robert M Ross, Siu Kit Yeung, Marietta Papadatou-Pastou, Francesco Foroni, Inês A. T. Almeida, Dmitry Grigoryev, David M. G. Lewis, Dawn Liu Holford, Steve M. J. Janssen, Srinivasan Tatachari, Carlota Batres, Jonas Olofsson, Shimrit Daches, Anabel Belaus, Gerit Pfuhl, Nadia Saraí Corral-Frías, Daniela Sousa, Jan Philipp Röer, Peder Mortvedt Isager, Hendrik Godbersen, Radoslaw B. Walczak, Natalia Van Doren, Dongning Ren, Martin Voracek, Lisa Marie DeBruine, Michele Anne, Sanja Batić Očovaj, Andrew G. Thomas, Alexios Arvanitis, Thomas Ostermann, Kelly Wolfe, Nwadiogo Chisom Arinze, Claus Lamm, Robert Calin-Jageman, William E. Davis, Maria Karekla, Saša Zorjan, Lisa M Jaremka, Jim Uttley, Monika Hricova, Monica A Koehn, Hui Bai, Anthony James Krafnick, Busra Bahar Balci, Tonia Ballantyne, Samuel Lins, Zahir Vally, Celia Esteban Serna, Kathleen Schmidt, Paulo Manuel Labalan Macapagal, Paulina Szwed, Przemysław Zdybek, David Moreau, W. Matthew Collins, Jennifer Alana Joy-Gaba, Iris Vilares, Ulrich S. Tran, Jordane Boudesseul, Nihan Albayrak-Aydemir, Barnaby Dixson, Jennifer Torkildson Perillo, Ana Ferreira, Erin Corwin Westgate, Chris Aberson, Azuka Ikechukwu ARINZE, Bastian Jaeger, Muhammad Mussaffa Butt, Jaime Silva Rojas, Daniel Storage, Allison Janak, Jose Angel Soto, Agnieszka Sorokowska, Randy J. McCarthy, Alexa Mary Tullett, Martha Frias-Armenta, Matheus Fernando Felix Ribeiro, Andree Hartanto, Paul Forbes, Megan Willis, Adriana Olaya Torres, ANABEL DE LA ROSA GOMEZ, Clare Sutherland, Mathi Manavalan, Jan Urban, Ernest Baskin, Joseph Patrick McFall, Chisom Ogbonnaya, Cynthia H.Y. Fu, Rima-Maria Rahal, Izuchukwu Lawrence Gabriel Ndukaihe, Tom Hostler, Heather Barry Kappes, Piotr Sorokowski, Meetu Khosla, Johannes K Vilsmeier, Elkin Oswaldo Luis Garcia, Rafał Muda, Elena Agadullina, Rodrigo Cárcamo, Crystal Reeck, Gulnaz Anjum, Mónica Toro, Michał Misiak, Richard M. Ryan, Nora L. Nock, Giovanni A. Travaglino, Michael Craig Mensink, Gilad Feldman, Aaron Lee Wichman, Ignazio Ziano, Martin Seehuus, William J. Chopik, Franki Y. H. Kung, Joelle Carpentier, Leigh Ann Vaughn, Hongfei Du, Qinyu Xiao, Tiago J. S. Lima, Chris Noone, Sandersan Onie, Frederick Verbruggen, Theda Radtke, Ljiljana B. Lazarevic, Ahmed Khaoudi, Ahmed Bokkour, Ikhlas Djamai, Ian David Stephen, Thuy-vy Thi Nguyen, Brian P. Gill, Hannah Moshontz, Charles Dorison, Karen Yu, Diego Vega, Natalya Kiselnikova, Michal Parzuchowski, Sylwia Adamus, Ilya Zakharov, Luis Eudave, Afroja Ahmed, Kevin van Schie, Wlliam Alexander Jimenez Leal, MohammadHasan Sharifian, David C. Vaidis, Katarzyna Filip, Carsten Bundt, Behzad Behzadnia, Tripat Gill, Weilun Chou, Maria del Carmen, and Maximilian Primbs

Abstract

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Psychological Science Accelerator coordinated three large-scale psychological studies to examine the effects of loss-gain framing, cognitive reappraisals, and autonomy framing manipulations on behavioral intentions and affective measures. The data collected (April to October 2020) included specific measures for each experimental study, a general questionnaire examining health prevention behaviors and COVID-19 experience, geographical and cultural context characterization, and demographic information for each participant. Each participant started the study with the same general questions and then was randomized to complete either one longer experiment or two shorter experiments. Data were provided by 73,223 participants with varying completion rates. Participants completed the survey from 111 geopolitical regions in 44 unique languages/dialects. The anonymized dataset described here is provided in both raw and processed formats to facilitate re-use and further analyses. The dataset offers secondary analytic opportunities to explore coping, framing, and self-determination across a diverse, global sample obtained at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, which can be merged with other time-sampled or geographic data.

Published
2023

6. Taking algorithmic (vs. human) advice reveals different goals to others

Author

Emir Efendić, Philippe P. F. M. Van de Calseyde, Štěpán Bahník, and Marek A. Vranka

Subjects
Human-Computer Interaction, Human Factors and Ergonomics, Computer Science Applications
Abstract

People are increasingly likely to obtain advice from algorithms. But what does taking advice from an algorithm (as opposed to a human) reveal to others about the advice seekers’ goals? In five studies (total N = 1927), we find that observers attribute the primary goal that an algorithm is designed to pursue in a situation to advice seekers. As a result, when explaining advice seekers’ subsequent behaviors and decisions, primarily this goal is taken into account, leaving less room for other possible motives that could account for people’s actions. Such secondary goals are, however, more readily taken into account when (the same) advice comes from human advisors, leading to different judgments about advice seekers’ motives. Specifically, advice seekers’ goals were perceived differently in terms of fairness, profit-seeking, and prosociality depending on whether the obtained advice came from an algorithm or another human. We find that these differences are in part guided by the different expectations people have of the type of information that algorithmic- vs. human advisors take into account when making their recommendations. The presented work has implications for (algorithmic) fairness perceptions and human-computer interaction.

Published
2023

7. Disarming Arguments: Public Opinion and Nuclear Abolition

Author

Marek A. Vranka, Ondrej Rosendorf, and Michal Smetana

Subjects
Disarmament, Sociology and Political Science, business.industry, Political science, Law, Political Science and International Relations, Nuclear weapon, Public opinion, business, Public support, Arms control, Nuclear terrorism
Abstract

While many consider the threat posed by nuclear weapons to be greater than ever, the general public has largely lost interest in the issue of nuclear disarmament. To reinvigorate public support for...

Published
2021

8. Evaluating expectations from social and behavioral science about COVID-19 and lessons for the next pandemic

Author

Kai Ruggeri, Friederike Stock, S. Alexander Haslam, Valerio Capraro, Paulo Boggio, Naomi Ellemers, Aleksandra Cichocka, Karen Douglas, David Gertler Rand, Mina Cikara, Eli Finkel, Sander van der Linden, James Druckman, Michael Jeremy Adam Wohl, Richard Petty, Joshua A Tucker, Ellen Peters, Azim Shariff, Michele Gelfand, Dominic Packer, Paul van Lange, Gordon Pennycook, Katherine Baicker, Alia Crum, Kim A Weeden, Lucy E. Napper, Nassim Tabri, jamil zaki, Linda Skitka, Shinobu Kitayama, dean mobbs, Cass R. Sunstein, Matteo M Galizzi, Katherine Milkman, Marija Petrović, Anna Louise Todsen, Ali Hajian, Sanne Verra, Vanessa Buehler, Maja Friedemann, Marlene Hecht, Rayyan Mobarak, Jolanda Jetten, Ralitsa Karakasheva, Markus R. Tünte, Siu Kit Yeung, R. Shayna Rosenbaum, Yuki Yamada, Sa-kiera Tiarra Jolynn Hudson, Irina Soboleva, Lucía Macchia, Eugen Dimant, Sandra Jeanette Geiger, Eike Kofi Buabang, Marna Landman, Zan Lep, Hannes Jarke, Tobias Wingen, Jana Berkessel, Silvana Mareva, Lucy McGill, Francesca Papa, Bojana Većkalov, Zeina Afif, Felice Tavera, Jack L Andrews, Aslı Bursalıoğlu, Zorana Zupan, Lisa Wagner, Joaquin Navajas, Marek Albert Vranka, David Kasdan, Lindsay Novak, Kathleen Hudson, Paul Teas, Nikolay R. Rachev, Jay Joseph Van Bavel, and Robb Willer

Abstract

Social and behavioral science research proliferated during the COVID-19 pandemic, reflecting the substantial increase in influence of behavioral science in public health and public policy more broadly. This review presents a comprehensive assessment of 742 scientific articles on human behavior during COVID-19. Two independent teams evaluated 19 substantive policy recommendations (“claims”) on potentially critical aspects of behaviors during the pandemic drawn from the most widely cited behavioral science papers on COVID-19. Teams were made up of original authors and an independent team, all of whom were blinded to other team member reviews throughout. Both teams found evidence in support of 16 of the claims; for two claims, teams found only null evidence; and for no claims did the teams find evidence of effects in the opposite direction. One claim had no evidence available to assess. Seemingly due to the risks of the pandemic, most studies were limited to surveys, highlighting a need for more investment in field research and behavioral validation studies. The strongest findings indicate interventions that combat misinformation and polarization, and to utilize effective forms of messaging that engage trusted leaders and emphasize positive social norms.

Published
2022

9. Situational factors shape moral judgements in the trolley dilemma in Eastern, Southern and Western countries in a culturally diverse sample

Author

Bence Bago, Marton Kovacs, John Protzko, Tamas Nagy, Zoltan Kekecs, Bence Palfi, Matus Adamkovic, Sylwia Adamus, Sumaya Albalooshi, Nihan Albayrak-Aydemir, Ilham N. Alfian, Sinan Alper, Sara Alvarez-Solas, Sara G. Alves, Santiago Amaya, Pia K. Andresen, Gulnaz Anjum, Daniel Ansari, Patrícia Arriaga, John Jamir Benzon R. Aruta, Alexios Arvanitis, Peter Babincak, Krystian Barzykowski, Bana Bashour, Ernest Baskin, Luisa Batalha, Carlota Batres, Jozef Bavolar, Fatih Bayrak, Benjamin Becker, Maja Becker, Anabel Belaus, Michał Białek, Ennio Bilancini, Daniel Boller, Leonardo Boncinelli, Jordane Boudesseul, Benjamin T. Brown, Erin M. Buchanan, Muhammad M. Butt, Dustin P. Calvillo, Nate C. Carnes, Jared B. Celniker, Christopher R. Chartier, William J. Chopik, Poom Chotikavan, Hu Chuan-Peng, Rockwell F. Clancy, Ogeday Çoker, Rita C. Correia, Vera Cubela Adoric, Carmelo P. Cubillas, Stefan Czoschke, Yalda Daryani, Job A. M. de Grefte, Wieteke C. de Vries, Elif G. Demirag Burak, Carina Dias, Barnaby J. W. Dixson, Xinkai Du, Francesca Dumančić, Andrei Dumbravă, Natalia B. Dutra, Janina Enachescu, Celia Esteban-Serna, Luis Eudave, Thomas R. Evans, Gilad Feldman, Fatima M. Felisberti, Susann Fiedler, Andrej Findor, Alexandra Fleischmann, Francesco Foroni, Radka Francová, Darius-Aurel Frank, Cynthia H. Y. Fu, Shan Gao, Omid Ghasemi, Ali-Reza Ghazi-Noori, Maliki E. Ghossainy, Isabella Giammusso, Tripat Gill, Biljana Gjoneska, Mario Gollwitzer, Aurélien Graton, Maurice Grinberg, Agata Groyecka-Bernard, Elizabeth A. Harris, Andree Hartanto, Widad A. N. M. Hassan, Javad Hatami, Katrina R. Heimark, Jasper J. J. Hidding, Evgeniya Hristova, Matej Hruška, Charlotte A. Hudson, Richard Huskey, Ayumi Ikeda, Yoel Inbar, Gordon P. D. Ingram, Ozan Isler, Chris Isloi, Aishwarya Iyer, Bastian Jaeger, Steve M. J. Janssen, William Jiménez-Leal, Biljana Jokić, Pavol Kačmár, Veselina Kadreva, Gwenaël Kaminski, Farzan Karimi-Malekabadi, Arno T. A. Kasper, Keith M. Kendrick, Bradley J. Kennedy, Halil E. Kocalar, Rabia I. Kodapanakkal, Marta Kowal, Elliott Kruse, Lenka Kučerová, Anton Kühberger, Anna O. Kuzminska, Fanny Lalot, Claus Lamm, Joris Lammers, Elke B. Lange, Anthony Lantian, Ivy Y.-M. Lau, Ljiljana B. Lazarevic, Marijke C. Leliveld, Jennifer N. Lenz, Carmel A. Levitan, Savannah C. Lewis, Manyu Li, Yansong Li, Haozheng Li, Tiago J. S. Lima, Samuel Lins, Marco Tullio Liuzza, Paula Lopes, Jackson G. Lu, Trent Lynds, Martin Máčel, Sean P. Mackinnon, Madhavilatha Maganti, Zoe Magraw-Mickelson, Leon F. Magson, Harry Manley, Gabriela M. Marcu, Darja Masli Seršić, Celine-Justine Matibag, Alan D. A. Mattiassi, Mahdi Mazidi, Joseph P. McFall, Neil McLatchie, Michael C. Mensink, Lena Miketta, Taciano L. Milfont, Alberto Mirisola, Michal Misiak, Panagiotis Mitkidis, Mehrad Moeini-Jazani, Arash Monajem, David Moreau, Erica D. Musser, Erita Narhetali, Danielle P. Ochoa, Jerome Olsen, Nicholas C. Owsley, Asil A. Özdoğru, Miriam Panning, Marietta Papadatou-Pastou, Neha Parashar, Philip Pärnamets, Mariola Paruzel-Czachura, Michal Parzuchowski, Julia V. Paterlini, Jeffrey M. Pavlacic, Mehmet Peker, Kim Peters, Liudmila Piatnitckaia, Isabel Pinto, Monica Renee Policarpio, Nada Pop-Jordanova, Annas J. Pratama, Maximilian A. Primbs, Ekaterina Pronizius, Danka Purić, Elisa Puvia, Vahid Qamari, Kun Qian, Alain Quiamzade, Beáta Ráczová, Diego A. Reinero, Ulf-Dietrich Reips, Cecilia Reyna, Kimberly Reynolds, Matheus F. F. Ribeiro, Jan P. Röer, Robert M. Ross, Petros Roussos, Fernando Ruiz-Dodobara, Susana Ruiz-Fernandez, Bastiaan T. Rutjens, Katarzyna Rybus, Adil Samekin, Anabela C. Santos, Nicolas Say, Christoph Schild, Kathleen Schmidt, Karolina A. Ścigała, MohammadHasan Sharifian, Jiaxin Shi, Yaoxi Shi, Erin Sievers, Miroslav Sirota, Michael Slipenkyj, Çağlar Solak, Agnieszka Sorokowska, Piotr Sorokowski, Sinem Söylemez, Niklas K. Steffens, Ian D. Stephen, Anni Sternisko, Laura Stevens-Wilson, Suzanne L. K. Stewart, Stefan Stieger, Daniel Storage, Justine Strube, Kyle J. Susa, Raluca D. Szekely-Copîndean, Natalia M. Szostak, Bagus Takwin, Srinivasan Tatachari, Andrew G. Thomas, Kevin E. Tiede, Lucas E. Tiong, Mirjana Tonković, Bastien Trémolière, Lauren V. Tunstead, Belgüzar N. Türkan, Mathias Twardawski, Miguel A. Vadillo, Zahir Vally, Leigh Ann Vaughn, Bruno Verschuere, Denis Vlašiček, Martin Voracek, Marek A. Vranka, Shuzhen Wang, Skye-Loren West, Stephen Whyte, Leigh S. Wilton, Anna Wlodarczyk, Xue Wu, Fei Xin, Su Yadanar, Hiroshi Yama, Yuki Yamada, Onurcan Yilmaz, Sangsuk Yoon, Danielle M. Young, Ilya Zakharov, Rizqy A. Zein, Ingo Zettler, Iris L. Žeželj, Don C. Zhang, Jin Zhang, Xiaoxiao Zheng, Rink Hoekstra, Balazs Aczel, Department of Social Psychology, Burak, Elif Gizem Demirağ, Bago, Bence, Kovacs, Marton, Protzko, John, Nagy, Tamas, Kekecs, Zoltan, Palfi, Bence, Adamkovic, Matus, Adamus, Sylwia, Albalooshi, Sumaya, Albayrak-Aydemir, Nihan, Alfian, Ilham N., Alper, Sinan, Alvarez-Solas, Sara, Alves, Sara G., Amaya, Santiago, Andresen, Pia K., Anjum, Gulnaz, Ansari, Daniel, Arriaga, Patricia, Aruta, John Jamir Benzon R., Arvanitis, Alexios, Babincak, Peter, Barzykowski, Krystian, Bashour, Bana, Baskin, Ernest, Batalha, Luisa, Batres, Carlota, Bavolar, Jozef, Bayrak, Fatih, Becker, Benjamin, Becker, Maja, Belaus, Anabel, Bialek, Michal, Bilancini, Ennio, Boller, Daniel, Boncinelli, Leonardo, Boudesseul, Jordane, Brown, Benjamin T., Buchanan, Erin M., Butt, Muhammad M., Calvillo, Dustin P., Carnes, Nate C., Celniker, Jared B., Chartier, Christopher R., Chopik, William J., Chotikavan, Poom, Chuan-Peng, Hu, Clancy, Rockwell F., Coker, Ogeday, Correia, Rita C., Adoric, Vera Cubela, Cubillas, Carmelo P., Czoschke, Stefan, Daryani, Yalda, de Grefte, Job A. M., de Vries, Wieteke C., Dias, Carina, Dixson, Barnaby J. W., Du, Xinkai, Dumancic, Francesca, Dumbrava, Andrei, Dutra, Natalia B., Enachescu, Janina, Esteban-Serna, Celia, Eudave, Luis, Evans, Thomas R., Feldman, Gilad, Felisberti, Fatima M., Fiedler, Susann, Findor, Andrej, Fleischmann, Alexandra, Foroni, Francesco, Francova, Radka, Frank, Darius-Aurel, Fu, Cynthia H. Y., Gao, Shan, Ghasemi, Omid, Ghazi-Noori, Ali-Reza, Ghossainy, Maliki E., Giammusso, Isabella, Gill, Tripat, Gjoneska, Biljana, Gollwitzer, Mario, Graton, Aurelien, Grinberg, Maurice, Groyecka-Bernard, Agata, Harris, Elizabeth A., Hartanto, Andree, Hassan, Widad A. N. M., Hatami, Javad, Heimark, Katrina R., Hidding, Jasper J. J., Hristova, Evgeniya, Hruska, Matej, Hudson, Charlotte A., Huskey, Richard, Ikeda, Ayumi, Inbar, Yoel, Ingram, Gordon P. D., Isler, Ozan, Isloi, Chris, Iyer, Aishwarya, Jaeger, Bastian, Janssen, Steve M. J., Jimenez-Leal, William, Jokic, Biljana, Kacmar, Pavol, Kadreva, Veselina, Kaminski, Gwenael, Karimi-Malekabadi, Farzan, Kasper, Arno T. A., Kendrick, Keith M., Kennedy, Bradley J., Kocalar, Halil E., Kodapanakkal, Rabia I., Kowal, Marta, Kruse, Elliott, Kucerova, Lenka, Kuehberger, Anton, Kuzminska, Anna O., Lalot, Fanny, Lamm, Claus, Lammers, Joris, Lange, Elke B., Lantian, Anthony, Lau, Ivy Y. -M., Lazarevic, Ljiljana B., Leliveld, Marijke C., Lenz, Jennifer N., Levitan, Carmel A., Lewis, Savannah C., Li, Manyu, Li, Yansong, Li, Haozheng, Lima, Tiago J. S., Lins, Samuel, Liuzza, Marco Tullio, Lopes, Paula, Lu, Jackson G., Lynds, Trent, Macel, Martin, Mackinnon, Sean P., Maganti, Madhavilatha, Magraw-Mickelson, Zoe, Magson, Leon F., Manley, Harry, Marcu, Gabriela M., Sersic, Darja Masli, Matibag, Celine-Justine, Mattiassi, Alan D. A., Mazidi, Mahdi, McFall, Joseph P., McLatchie, Neil, Mensink, Michael C., Miketta, Lena, Milfont, Taciano L., Mirisola, Alberto, Misiak, Michal, Mitkidis, Panagiotis, Moeini-Jazani, Mehrad, Monajem, Arash, Moreau, David, Musser, Erica D., Narhetali, Erita, Ochoa, Danielle P., Olsen, Jerome, Owsley, Nicholas C., Ozdogru, Asil A., Panning, Miriam, Papadatou-Pastou, Marietta, Parashar, Neha, Parnamets, Philip, Paruzel-Czachura, Mariola, Parzuchowski, Michal, Paterlini, Julia V., Pavlacic, Jeffrey M., Peker, Mehmet, Peters, Kim, Piatnitckaia, Liudmila, Pinto, Isabel, Policarpio, Monica Renee, Pop-Jordanova, Nada, Pratama, Annas J., Primbs, Maximilian A., Pronizius, Ekaterina, Puric, Danka, Puvia, Elisa, Qamari, Vahid, Qian, Kun, Quiamzade, Alain, Raczova, Beata, Reinero, Diego A., Reips, Ulf-Dietrich, Reyna, Cecilia, Reynolds, Kimberly, Ribeiro, Matheus F. F., Roeer, Jan P., Ross, Robert M., Roussos, Petros, Ruiz-Dodobara, Fernando, Ruiz-Fernandez, Susana, Rutjens, Bastiaan T., Rybus, Katarzyna, Samekin, Adil, Santos, Anabela C., Say, Nicolas, Schild, Christoph, Schmidt, Kathleen, Scigala, Karolina A., Sharifian, MohammadHasan, Shi, Jiaxin, Shi, Yaoxi, Sievers, Erin, Sirota, Miroslav, Slipenkyj, Michael, Solak, Caglar, Sorokowska, Agnieszka, Sorokowski, Piotr, Soylemez, Sinem, Steffens, Niklas K., Stephen, Ian D., Sternisko, Anni, Stevens-Wilson, Laura, Stewart, Suzanne L. K., Stieger, Stefan, Storage, Daniel, Strube, Justine, Susa, Kyle J., Szekely-Copindean, Raluca D., Szostak, Natalia M., Takwin, Bagus, Tatachari, Srinivasan, Thomas, Andrew G., Tiede, Kevin E., Tiong, Lucas E., Tonkovic, Mirjana, Tremoliere, Bastien, Tunstead, Lauren V., Turkan, Belguzar N., Twardawski, Mathias, Vadillo, Miguel A., Vally, Zahir, Vaughn, Leigh Ann, Verschuere, Bruno, Vlasicek, Denis, Voracek, Martin, Vranka, Marek A., Wang, Shuzhen, West, Skye-Loren, Whyte, Stephen, Wilton, Leigh S., Wlodarczyk, Anna, Wu, Xue, Xin, Fei, Yadanar, Su, Yama, Hiroshi, Yamada, Yuki, Yilmaz, Onurcan, Yoon, Sangsuk, Young, Danielle M., Zakharov, Ilya, Zein, Rizqy A., Zettler, Ingo, Zezelj, Iris L., Zhang, Don C., Zhang, Jin, Zheng, Xiaoxiao, Hoekstra, Rink, Aczel, Balazs, College of Social Sciences and Humanities, Department of Psychology, Bence Bago, Marton Kovacs , John Protzko, Tamas Nagy , Zoltan Kekecs , Bence Palfi, Matus Adamkovic, Sylwia Adamus, Sumaya Albalooshi, Nihan Albayrak-Aydemir , Ilham N. Alfian, Sinan Alper , Sara Alvarez-Solas ,Sara G. Alves , Santiago Amaya , Pia K. Andresen , Gulnaz Anjum , Daniel Ansari, Patrícia Arriaga , John Jamir Benzon R. Aruta, Alexios Arvanitis, Peter Babincak, Krystian Barzykowski, Bana Bashour , Ernest Baskin , Luisa Batalha, Carlota Batres, Jozef Bavolar , Fatih Bayrak, Benjamin Becker, Maja Becker, Anabel Belaus, Michał Białek, Ennio Bilancini, Daniel Boller, Leonardo Boncinelli, Jordane Boudesseul, Benjamin T. Brown, Erin M. Buchanan, Muhammad M. Butt, Dustin P. Calvillo, Nate C. Carnes, Jared B. Celniker, Christopher R. Chartier, William J. Chopik, Poom Chotikavan, Hu Chuan-Peng, Rockwell F. Clancy, Ogeday Çoker, Rita C. Correia, Vera Cubela Adoric, Carmelo P. Cubillas, Stefan Czoschke, Yalda Daryani, Job A. M. de Grefte, Wieteke C. de Vries, Elif G. Demirag Burak, Carina Dias, Barnaby J. W. Dixson, Xinkai Du, Francesca Dumančić, Andrei Dumbravă, Natalia B. Dutra, Janina Enachescu, Celia Esteban-Serna, Luis Eudave, Thomas R. Evans, Gilad Feldman, Fatima M. Felisberti, Susann Fiedler, Andrej Findor, Alexandra Fleischmann, Francesco Foroni, Radka Francová, Darius-Aurel Frank, Cynthia H. Y. Fu, Shan Gao, Omid Ghasemi, Ali-Reza Ghazi-Noori, Maliki E. Ghossainy, Isabella Giammusso, Tripat Gill, Biljana Gjoneska, Mario Gollwitzer, Aurélien Graton, Maurice Grinberg, Agata Groyecka-Bernard, Elizabeth A. Harris, Andree Hartanto, Widad A. N. M. Hassan, Javad Hatami, Katrina R. Heimark, Jasper J. J. Hidding, Evgeniya Hristova, Matej Hruška, Charlotte A. Hudson, Richard Huskey, Ayumi Ikeda, Yoel Inbar, Gordon P. D. Ingram, Ozan Isler, Chris Isloi, Aishwarya Iyer, Bastian Jaeger, Steve M. J. Janssen, William Jiménez-Leal, Biljana Jokić, Pavol Kačmár, Veselina Kadreva, Gwenaël Kaminski, Farzan Karimi-Malekabadi, Arno T. A. Kasper, Keith M. Kendrick, Bradley J. Kennedy, Halil E. Kocalar, Rabia I. Kodapanakkal, Marta Kowal, Elliott Kruse, Lenka Kučerová, Anton Kühberger, Anna O. Kuzminska, Fanny Lalot, Claus Lamm, Joris Lammers, Elke B. Lange, Anthony Lantian, Ivy Y.-M. Lau, Ljiljana B. Lazarevic, Marijke C. Leliveld, Jennifer N. Lenz, Carmel A. Levitan, Savannah C. Lewis, Manyu Li, Yansong Li, Haozheng Li, Tiago J. S. Lima, Samuel Lins, Marco Tullio Liuzza, Paula Lopes, Jackson G. Lu, Trent Lynds, Martin Máčel, Sean P. Mackinnon, Madhavilatha Maganti, Zoe Magraw-Mickelson, Leon F. Magson, Harry Manley, Gabriela M. Marcu, Darja Masli Seršić, Celine-Justine Matibag, Alan D. A. Mattiassi, Mahdi Mazidi, Joseph P. McFall, Neil McLatchie, Michael C. Mensink, Lena Miketta, Taciano L. Milfont, Alberto Mirisola, Michal Misiak, Panagiotis Mitkidis, Mehrad Moeini-Jazani, Arash Monajem, David Moreau, Erica D. Musser, Erita Narhetali, Danielle P. Ochoa, Jerome Olsen, Nicholas C. Owsley, Asil A. Özdoğru, Miriam Panning, Marietta Papadatou-Pastou, Neha Parashar, Philip Pärnamets, Mariola Paruzel-Czachura, Michal Parzuchowski, Julia V. Paterlini, Jeffrey M. Pavlacic, Mehmet Peker, Kim Peters, Liudmila Piatnitckaia, Isabel Pinto, Monica Renee Policarpio, Nada Pop-Jordanova, Annas J. Pratama, Maximilian A. Primbs, Ekaterina Pronizius, Danka Purić, Elisa Puvia, Vahid Qamari, Kun Qian, Alain Quiamzade, Beáta Ráczová, Diego A. Reinero, Ulf-Dietrich Reips, Cecilia Reyna, Kimberly Reynolds, Matheus F. F. Ribeiro, Jan P. Röer, Robert M. Ross, Petros Roussos, Fernando Ruiz-Dodobara, Susana Ruiz-Fernandez, Bastiaan T. Rutjens, Katarzyna Rybus, Adil Samekin, Anabela C. Santos, Nicolas Say, Christoph Schild, Kathleen Schmidt, Karolina A. Ścigała, MohammadHasan Sharifian, Jiaxin Shi, Yaoxi Shi, Erin Sievers, Miroslav Sirota, Michael Slipenkyj, Çağlar Solak, Agnieszka Sorokowska, Piotr Sorokowski, Sinem Söylemez, Niklas K. Steffens, Ian D. Stephen, Anni Sternisko, Laura Stevens-Wilson, Suzanne L. K. Stewart, Stefan Stieger, Daniel Storage, Justine Strube, Kyle J. Susa, Raluca D. Szekely-Copîndean, Natalia M. Szostak, Bagus Takwin, Srinivasan Tatachari, Andrew G. Thomas, Kevin E. Tiede, Lucas E. Tiong, Mirjana Tonković, Bastien Trémolière, Lauren V. Tunstead, Belgüzar N. Türkan, Mathias Twardawski, Miguel A. Vadillo, Zahir Vally, Leigh Ann Vaughn, Bruno Verschuere, Denis Vlašiček, Martin Voracek, Marek A. Vranka, Shuzhen Wang, Skye-Loren West, Stephen Whyte, Leigh S. Wilton, Anna Wlodarczyk, Xue Wu, Fei Xin, Su Yadanar, Hiroshi Yama, Yuki Yamada, Onurcan Yilmaz, Sangsuk Yoon, Danielle M. Young, Ilya Zakharov, Rizqy A. Zein, Ingo Zettler, Iris L. Žeželj, Don C. Zhang, Jin Zhang, Xiaoxiao Zheng,194, Rink Hoekstra and Balazs Aczel, Research Programme Marketing, Research and Evaluation of Educational Effectiveness, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, Management and Organisation, Organizational Psychology, and Sociology [until 2010]

Subjects
trolley, Situational factors, SDG 16 - Peace, Social Psychology, Individuality, BF, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Intention, Eastern, HM, psychology, Morals, Social Development, trolley dilemma, Behavioral Neuroscience, Judgment, ddc:150, replicability, cultural universality, Humans, Psychology, Pendiente, SHAME, CONFLICT, Behaviour Change and Well-being, philosophy, SDG 16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions, moral judgement, SDG 10 - Reduced Inequalities, Justice and Strong Institutions, MODEL, NORMS, Knowledge, PROCESS DISSOCIATION, moral judgements, UTILITARIAN JUDGMENTS, Settore M-PSI/05 - Psicologia Sociale, Moral judgments, Trolley dilemma, cultural universality and variations, replication study, RESPONSES
Abstract

The study of moral judgements often centres on moral dilemmas in which options consistent with deontological perspectives (that is, emphasizing rules, individual rights and duties) are in conflict with options consistent with utilitarian judgements (that is, following the greater good based on consequences). Greene et al. (2009) showed that psychological and situational factors (for example, the intent of the agent or the presence of physical contact between the agent and the victim) can play an important role in moral dilemma judgements (for example, the trolley problem). Our knowledge is limited concerning both the universality of these effects outside the United States and the impact of culture on the situational and psychological factors affecting moral judgements. Thus, we empirically tested the universality of the effects of intent and personal force on moral dilemma judgements by replicating the experiments of Greene et al. in 45 countries from all inhabited continents. We found that personal force and its interaction with intention exert influence on moral judgements in the US and Western cultural clusters, replicating and expanding the original findings. Moreover, the personal force effect was present in all cultural clusters, suggesting it is culturally universal. The evidence for the cultural universality of the interaction effect was inconclusive in the Eastern and Southern cultural clusters (depending on exclusion criteria). We found no strong association between collectivism/individualism and moral dilemma judgements. Including participants from 45 countries, Bago et al. find that the situational factors that affect moral reasoning are shared across countries, with diminished observed cultural variation., Comunidad de Madrid [2016-T1/SOC-1395, 2020-5A/SOC-19723]; AEI [PSI2017-85159-P]; UE/FEDER; National Science Centre, Poland [2017/01/X/HS6/01332, 2015/19/D/HS6/00641, 2019/35/B/HS6/00528]; Aarhus University Research Foundation (AUFF) [AUFF-E-2019-9-4]; ANR [ANR-17-EURE-0010]; ANR Labex IAST; Australian Research Council [DP180102384]; CAPES [88887.364180/2019-00]; Carlsberg Foundation [CF16-0444]; Independent Research Fund Denmark [7024-00057B]; Germany's Excellence Strategy [EXC 2126/1-390838866]; FONDECYT, CONICYT [11190980]; German Research Foundation [FOR-2150, LA 3566/1-2]; JSPS [18K03010]; JSPS KAKENHI [16H03079, 17H00875, 18K12015, 20H04581, 17H06342, 20K03479, 20KK0054, 20J21976]; Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [31530032]; Key Technological Projects of Guangdong Province [2018B030335001]; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship [DGE-1839285]; Polish National Science Center; DFG Beethoven [2016/23/G/HS6/01775]; Portuguese National Foundation for Science and Technology [SFRH/BD/126304/2016, UID/PSI/03125/2019]; PRIN 2017 (Italian Ministry of Education and Research) [20178293XT]; PSA 006 BRA 008 Data Collection in Support of PSADM 001 Measurement Invariance Project; Foundation for Polish Science (START); National Science Centre [2020/36/T/HS6/00256, 2019/33/N/HS6/00054]; Slovak Research and Development Agency [APVV-18-0140, APVV-17-0418, PRIMUS/20/HUM/009, APVV-17-0596]; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada [950-224884]; Swedish Research Council [2016-06793]; Project of Philosophy and Social Science Research in Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province [2020SJA0017], M.A. Vadillo was supported by 2016-T1/SOC-1395 and 2020-5A/SOC-19723 from Comunidad de Madrid, PSI2017-85159-P from AEI and UE/FEDER. M.P.-C. was supported by 2017/01/X/HS6/01332 from the National Science Centre, Poland. P.M. was supported by Aarhus University Research Foundation (AUFF), starting grant: AUFF-E-2019-9-4. B. Bago was supported by ANR grant ANR-17-EURE-0010 (Investissements d'Avenir programme) and ANR Labex IAST. R.M.R. was supported by the Australian Research Council (DP180102384). N.B.D. was supported by CAPES grant no. 88887.364180/2019-00. C.S., K.A.. and I. Zettler were supported by the Carlsberg Foundation (CF16-0444) and the Independent Research Fund Denmark (7024-00057B). J.L. was supported by EXC 2126/1-390838866 under Germany's Excellence Strategy. K.B. was supported by the following grants from the National Science Centre, Poland: (1) while working on the data collection, no. 2015/19/D/HS6/00641, (2) while working on the final version of the paper, no. 2019/35/B/HS6/00528. A.W. was supported by FONDECYT 11190980, CONICYT. A. Fleischmann was supported by the German Research Foundation (research unit grant FOR-2150, LA 3566/1-2). H.Y. was supported by JSPS grant 18K03010. Y.Y. was supported by JSPS KAKENHI (16H03079, 17H00875, 18K12015 and 20H04581). K.Q. was supported by JSPS KAKENHI (17H06342, 20K03479 and 20KK0054). A. Ikeda was supported by JSPS KAKENHI (20J21976). K.M.K. was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) grant no. 31530032 and Key Technological Projects of Guangdong Province grant no. 2018B030335001. J.B.C. was supported by National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship grant no. DGE-1839285. M. Parzuchowski, K. Rybus and N.M.S. were supported by Polish National Science Center and DFG Beethoven grant 2016/23/G/HS6/01775. A.C.S. was supported by Portuguese National Foundation for Science and Technology grant no. SFRH/BD/126304/2016. L. Boncinelli was supported by PRIN 2017 grant no. 20178293XT (Italian Ministry of Education and Research). M.F.F.R. was supported by PSA 006 BRA 008 Data Collection in Support of PSADM 001 Measurement Invariance Project. M. Misiak was supported by a scholarship from the Foundation for Polish Science (START) and by a scholarship from the National Science Centre (2020/36/T/HS6/00256). P.B. was supported by Slovak Research and Development Agency project no. APVV-18-0140. M.A. was supported by Slovak Research and Development Agency project no. APVV-17-0418 and project PRIMUS/20/HUM/009. A. Findor and M.H. were supported by the Slovak Research and Development Agency under contract no. APVV-17-0596. T.G. was supported by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (no. 950-224884). P.P. was supported by the Swedish Research Council (2016-06793). Y.L. was supported by The Project of Philosophy and Social Science Research in Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province (grant no. 2020SJA0017). M. Kowal was supported by a scholarship from the National Science Centre (2019/33/N/HS6/00054). P.A. was supported by UID/PSI/03125/2019 from the Portuguese National Foundation for Science and Technology. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript.

Published
2022

10. A qualitative study of perception of a dishonesty experiment

Author

Marek A. Vranka, Petr Houdek, and Nikola Frollová

Subjects
Dishonesty, media_common.quotation_subject, Cheating, Lived experience, fungi, 05 social sciences, Economics, Econometrics and Finance (miscellaneous), 050905 science studies, Focus group, Perception, Demand characteristics, 0502 economics and business, 050207 economics, 0509 other social sciences, Laboratory experiment, Psychology, Social psychology, media_common, Qualitative research
Abstract

We conducted focus groups with participants of a laboratory experiment on cheating with the aim to describe and structure participants’ lived experience with the experiment and to compare their per...

Published
2021

11. The globalizability of temporal discounting

Author

Ludvig Daae Bjørndal, Lucia Freira, Johanna Blomster Lyshol, Felicia T. A. Sundström, Julia Oberschulte, Sonya Xu, Sandra J. Geiger, Genaro Basulto Mejía, Kohei Ueda, Joaquin Navajas, Anna Louise Todsen, Martin Čadek, Charlotte Rutherford, Aleksandra Gracheva, Kailin Xu, A. Nieto, Irina Soboleva, Tatianna M. Dugue, Silvia Filippi, Marek A. Vranka, Alexander Bailey, Franziska Nippold, Rand Said, Martina Benvenuti, Forget Mingiri Kapingura, Nikola Erceg, Nathalia Melo de Carvalho, Gerhard M. Prinz, James Rujimora, Metasebiya Ayele Mamo, Katherine Bibilouri, Hannes Jarke, David Feng, Kanchan Amatya, Emmanuel Kemel, Yuki Yamada, Sabrina Black, Aleksandra Lazarević, Thomas Lind Andersen, Dora Popović, Žan Lep, Volodymyr Vakhitov, Ziwei Gao, Jason Trinh, Anișoara Melnic, Alice Turati, Laura Maratkyzy, David Izydorczyk, Eike Kofi Buabang, Christina Eun Rho, Jakub Krawiec, Aliya Bermaganbet, Simone D'Ambrogio, Nikolay R. Rachev, Daria Stefania Pascu, Adrian Dahl Askelund, Sanne Verra, Dragana Neshevska, Mary Shiels, Thiago Otto, Kalina Nikolova Kalinova, Anna-Lena Tebbe, Nicolas Say, Shiyi Chen, Lisa Wagner, Salomé Mamede, Sandra Ilić, Peggah R. Khorrami, Milica Vdovic, Tymofii Brik, Grace Duffy, Mari Louise Berge, Muhammad Fedryansyah, Irem Soysal, Binahayati Rusyidi, Suwen Ge, David Kasdan, Amina Mohammed, Nida Hasan, Jáchym Vintr, Sebastian Meyer, Zorana Zupan, Hyung Seo Lee, Kai Ruggeri, Ingvild S. Lofthus, Anastasia Gracheva, Sibele Aquino, Chiara Van Reyn, René Freichel, Tran Tran, Tina Solomonia, Ondřej Kácha, Leya George, Kaja Damnjanović, Alexander Ikonomeas, Aleksandra Yosifova, Ana-Maria Cazan, Ke Ying Xing, Inés Sanguino, Melis Çetinçelik, Siddhant Soni, Elisabeth D. C. Sievert, Federica Rocca, Eman Farahat, Jacqueline Taylor, Jakob Jakob, Pika Ranc, Xinyi Hong, Nato Lagidze, Aizhan Mukhyshbayeva, Szymon Mizak, Aseman Bagheri Sheshdeh, Robert Farrokhnia, Celia Esteban-Serna, Silvana Mareva, Ali Hajian, Xue Wu, Esther Awazzi Envuladu, Ralitsa Karakasheva, Matthias Burghart, Valentino Chai, Marija Petrović, Irena Pavlović, Maja Friedemann, Patricia Chen, Matías Fonollá, Mareyba Fawad, Nazeer Abdul-Salaam, Georgia Clay, Aleksandra Lazić, Carla Akil, Lucy McGill, R. Shayna Rosenbaum, Juliette Tobias-Webb, Katrine Krabbe Thommesen, Yarden Shir, Riinu Pae, Filippo Toscano, Nélida Ayacaxli, Shivika Marwaha, Jolly Amatya, Aslı Bursalıoğlu, Adrianna Valencia, Marlene Hecht, Sharon McParland, Eduardo Garcia-Garzon, Sarah Ashcroft-Jones, Sun Young Park, Amma Panin, Arjoon Arunasalam, Josip Razum, Naos Mesfin Buzayu, Barbora Hubená, Ahmet Kerem Sarikaya, Samuel Lincoln Bezerra Lins, Lucía Macchia, Jascha Achterberg, Lea Jakob, Felice L. Tavera, Federica Stablum, Margo Janssens, Martina Vacondio, Paula Barea Arroyo, Tsvetelina Panchelieva, Iulia Grabovski, Tina Venema, Xintong Tang, Shehrbano Jamali Niazi, Leonore Riitsalu, Bojana Većkalov, Twinkle Dwarkanath, Sociale Psychologie (Psychologie, FMG), Ontwikkelingspsychologie (Psychologie, FMG), Ruggeri, Kai [0000-0002-8470-101X], Panin, Amma [0000-0002-1608-3678], Vdovic, Milica [0000-0002-8094-2465], Većkalov, Bojana [0000-0002-8477-1261], Achterberg, Jascha [0000-0003-2002-3210], Amatya, Kanchan [0000-0002-8396-4280], Andersen, Thomas Lind [0000-0002-4220-1674], Aquino, Sibele D [0000-0003-1391-0911], Arunasalam, Arjoon [0000-0002-5651-9560], Ashcroft-Jones, Sarah [0000-0002-8614-9310], Askelund, Adrian Dahl [0000-0003-2669-5472], Bailey, Alexander [0000-0002-6478-3441], Barea Arroyo, Paula [0000-0002-4948-1912], Mejía, Genaro Basulto [0000-0002-0376-6568], Benvenuti, Martina [0000-0001-8575-5047], Bibilouri, Katherine [0000-0003-2267-2038], Bjørndal, Ludvig Daae [0000-0001-9773-8287], Lyshol, Johanna K Blomster [0000-0002-3157-5443], Brik, Tymofii [0000-0002-5542-1019], Buabang, Eike Kofi [0000-0002-3057-0819], Burghart, Matthias [0000-0001-7300-1846], Bursalıoğlu, Aslı [0000-0003-1423-4732], Buzayu, Naos Mesfin [0000-0003-3613-3537], de Carvalho, Nathalia Melo [0000-0001-8072-3310], Cazan, Ana-Maria [0000-0003-4521-702X], Çetinçelik, Melis [0000-0002-8931-5732], Chai, Valentino E [0000-0002-9885-6792], Chen, Patricia [0000-0002-0173-9320], Chen, Shiyi [0000-0001-6611-4359], Clay, Georgia [0000-0001-5641-6804], D'Ambrogio, Simone [0000-0001-9030-8145], Damnjanović, Kaja [0000-0002-9254-1263], Dugue, Tatianna [0000-0002-2887-141X], Dwarkanath, Twinkle [0000-0002-1115-2654], Erceg, Nikola [0000-0002-9056-4592], Esteban-Serna, Celia [0000-0003-4965-1173], Farahat, Eman [0000-0001-6467-8599], Fedryansyah, Muhammad [0000-0001-7082-2550], Feng, David [0000-0003-1223-8094], Filippi, Silvia [0000-0002-5890-7460], Fonollá, Matías A [0000-0002-9307-8039], Freichel, René [0000-0002-9478-0575], Freira, Lucia [0000-0002-2710-0760], Friedemann, Maja [0000-0003-1506-2135], Gao, Ziwei [0000-0002-8706-8758], Ge, Suwen [0000-0001-9318-976X], Geiger, Sandra J [0000-0002-3262-5609], George, Leya [0000-0002-0020-6178], Grabovski, Iulia [0000-0001-5839-9796], Hajian, Ali [0000-0002-6679-438X], Hecht, Marlene [0000-0003-0700-0073], Ikonomeas, Alexander Gustav Fredriksen [0000-0002-3817-030X], Ilić, Sandra [0000-0002-5145-0197], Izydorczyk, David [0000-0002-8792-0795], Jakob, Lea [0000-0002-9659-0353], Janssens, Margo [0000-0002-9455-7939], Jarke, Hannes [0000-0002-6022-6381], Kácha, Ondřej [0000-0003-2837-9238], Kalinova, Kalina Nikolova [0000-0001-8444-0959], Kapingura, Forget Mingiri [0000-0002-5808-5612], Kasdan, David Oliver [0000-0002-6709-1424], Krawiec, Jakub M [0000-0002-8422-8090], Lagidze, Nato [0000-0002-5837-8917], Lazić, Aleksandra [0000-0002-0433-0483], Lee, Hyung Seo [0000-0003-0705-5314], Lep, Žan [0000-0003-0130-4543], Lins, Samuel [0000-0001-6824-4691], Macchia, Lucía [0000-0001-9558-4747], Mamede, Salomé [0000-0002-4826-3390], Mareva, Silvana [0000-0002-1728-9811], McGill, Lucy [0000-0002-0702-2806], McParland, Sharon [0000-0001-6714-3012], Mizak, Szymon [0000-0003-0308-007X], Mukhyshbayeva, Aizhan [0000-0001-5538-955X], Navajas, Joaquin [0000-0001-8765-037X], Neshevska, Dragana [0000-0001-5419-0266], Nieves, Ana Elsa Nieto [0000-0001-9041-8977], Oberschulte, Julia [0000-0002-8174-8656], Pae, Riinu [0000-0003-2044-0102], Park, Sun Young [0000-0003-4246-7437], Pascu, Daria Stefania [0000-0002-7944-643X], Petrović, Marija B [0000-0001-6422-3957], Prinz, Gerhard M [0000-0001-7930-7176], Rachev, Nikolay R [0000-0002-5654-2883], Ranc, Pika [0000-0002-4725-8522], Razum, Josip [0000-0002-2633-3271], Riitsalu, Leonore [0000-0002-0941-7983], Rosenbaum, R Shayna [0000-0001-5328-8675], Rujimora, James [0000-0002-8295-1525], Rusyidi, Binahayati [0000-0003-4870-9177], Rutherford, Charlotte [0000-0003-2733-2323], Said, Rand [0000-0001-9703-4706], Sanguino, Inés [0000-0003-0965-6850], Say, Nicolas [0000-0002-1560-9260], Schuck, Jakob [0000-0002-6469-0018], Soboleva, Irina [0000-0003-4934-4085], Solomonia, Tina [0000-0002-7985-6666], Soysal, Irem [0000-0001-8016-8484], Stablum, Federica [0000-0001-9712-9123], Sundström, Felicia TA [0000-0002-7032-1614], Tang, Xintong [0000-0002-6025-688X], Taylor, Jacqueline [0000-0001-7455-0185], Tebbe, Anna-Lena [0000-0003-4933-2797], Thommesen, Katrine Krabbe [0000-0002-0696-7621], Toscano, Filippo [0000-0001-6077-2094], Ueda, Kohei [0000-0003-1818-8366], Vacondio, Martina [0000-0003-0024-8527], Valencia, Adrianna J [0000-0003-1222-5904], Van Reyn, Chiara [0000-0002-1100-2525], Venema, Tina AG [0000-0002-3939-2828], Verra, Sanne E [0000-0003-4963-0153], Vranka, Marek A [0000-0003-3413-9062], Wagner, Lisa [0000-0002-1925-2676], Wu, Xue [0000-0002-9461-3558], Xu, Sonya [0000-0003-1799-1309], Yamada, Yuki [0000-0003-1431-568X], Yosifova, Aleksandra [0000-0002-2280-3467], Zupan, Zorana [0000-0002-0763-8192], García-Garzon, Eduardo [0000-0001-5258-232X], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, and Department of Organization Studies

Subjects
BF Psychology, Social Psychology, Economics, HB, BF, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, temporal discounting, economic inequality, global study, DECISION-MAKING, TIME PREFERENCE, Behavioral Neuroscience, Text mining, ddc:150, INFLATION, Humans, Temporal discounting, Nationalekonomi, economic inequality, temporal discounting, lower-income groups, REAL, RISK, DECREASES, REWARDS, business.industry, HM Sociology, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, CHOICE, POVERTY, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, Delay Discounting, business, INEQUALITY, Cognitive psychology
Abstract

Economic inequality is associated with preferences for smaller, immediate gains over larger, delayed ones. Such temporal discounting may feed into rising global inequality, yet it is unclear whether it is a function of choice preferences or norms, or rather the absence of sufficient resources for immediate needs. It is also not clear whether these reflect true differences in choice patterns between income groups. We tested temporal discounting and five intertemporal choice anomalies using local currencies and value standards in 61 countries (N = 13,629). Across a diverse sample, we found consistent, robust rates of choice anomalies. Lower-income groups were not significantly different, but economic inequality and broader financial circumstances were clearly correlated with population choice patterns. Ruggeri et al. find in a study of 61 countries that temporal discounting patterns are globally generalizable. Worse financial environments, greater inequality and high inflation are associated with extreme or inconsistent long-term decisions.

Published
2022

12. Sacrificing Oneself or Another: The Difference Between Prescriptive and Normative Judgments in Moral Evaluation

Author

Štěpán Bahník, Emir Efendic, Marek A. Vranka, RS: GSBE other - not theme-related research, Marketing & Supply Chain Management, and UCL - SSH/IPSY - Psychological Sciences Research Institute

Subjects
Male, Moral judgment, 050109 social psychology, OTHERS, Morals, trolley dilemma, 050105 experimental psychology, HARM, Judgment, Young Adult, DILEMMAS, Sacrifice, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, General Psychology, self-other asymmetry, 05 social sciences, INTUITIONS, Altruism, BIAS, SELF-SACRIFICE, self-sacrafice, Normative, Female, INFERENCE, Psychology, Social psychology, Prejudice
Abstract

When asked whether to sacrifice oneself or another person to save others, one might think that people would consider sacrificing themselves rather than someone else as the right and appropriate course of action—thus showing an other-serving bias. So far however, most studies found instances of a self-serving bias—people say they would rather sacrifice others. In three experiments using trolley-like dilemmas, we tested whether an other-serving bias might appear as a function of judgment type. That is, participants were asked to make a prescriptive judgment (whether the described action should or should not be done) or a normative judgment (whether the action is right or wrong). We found that participants exhibited an other-serving bias only when asked whether self- or other-sacrifice is wrong. That is, when the judgment was normative and in a negative frame (in contrast to the positive frame asking whether the sacrifice is right). Otherwise, participants tended to exhibit a self-serving bias; that is, they approved sacrificing others more. The results underscore the importance of question wording and suggest that some effects on moral judgment might depend on the type of judgment.

Published
2021

13. How moral foundations shape public approval of nuclear, chemical, and conventional strikes: new evidence from experimental surveys

Author

Michal Smetana and Marek A. Vranka

Subjects
021110 strategic, defence & security studies, 05 social sciences, Moral foundations theory, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, Nuclear weapon, Survey experiment, humanities, 0506 political science, Chemical warfare, Political science, Political Science and International Relations, 050602 political science & public administration, Public support, Law and economics
Abstract

We present the results of two survey experiments on public support for nuclear, chemical, and conventional strikes. We examined how moral values of individuals interact with the approval of different kinds of strikes and with the effects of information about the ingroup and out-group fatalities. Our results show that while the public is more averse to the employment of chemical weapons than to the conduct of nuclear or conventional strikes, the overall relationship between strike approval and the individuals’ moral values does not differ across the three experimental treatments. In addition, we found that individuals’ scores in so-called “binding” moral values affect the sensitivity of the public for in-group fatalities. Findings of our paper contribute to the broader debates in the field about the strength and nature of the norms against the use of nuclear and chemical weapons, and about the role of morality in the public attitudes to the use of military force.

Published
2020

14. Reward perception, but not reward inequality is associated with increased bribe-taking in a laboratory task

Author

Štěpán Bahník and Marek Albert Vranka

Abstract

People are more likely to behave selfishly when such behavior is easier to justify. When one receives a lesser reward for the same performed task, the perceived unfairness of the reward may serve as a justification for subsequent selfish behavior. In the present study, we let participants to break rules in a sorting task in order to increase their rewards while simultaneously harming a third party, simulating a bribe-taking. Although we did not find evidence that manipulation of perceived reward inequality affects bribe-taking, people who perceived their reward more negatively behaved more selfishly and took more bribes, causing more harm to the charity.

Published
2022

15. Investigating Variation in Replicability: A 'Many Labs' Replication Project

Author

Richard Anthony Klein, Kate A. Ratliff, Michelangelo Vianello, Reginald B. Adams, Štěpán Bahník, Michael Bernstein, Konrad Bocian, Mark Brandt, Beach Smith Brooks, Claudia Chloe Brumbaugh, Zeynep Cemalcilar, Jesse J. Chandler, Winnee Cheong, William E. Davis, Thierry Devos, Matthew Eisner, Natalia Frankowska, David Furrow, Elisa Maria Galliani, Fred Hasselman, Joshua A. Hicks, James F. Hovermale, S. Jane Hunt, Jeffrey R. Huntsinger, Hans IJzerman, Melissa-Sue John, Jennifer Alana Joy-Gaba, Heather Barry Kappes, Lacy Elise Krueger, Jaime Kurtz, Carmel Levitan, Robyn Mallett, Wendy Morris, Anthony J. Nelson, Jason A. Nier, Grant Packard, Ronaldo Pilati, Abraham M. Rutchick, Kathleen Schmidt, Jeanine Skorinko, Troy G. Steiner, Justin Storbeck, Lyn van Swol, Donna Thompson, Anna Elisabeth van 't Veer, Leigh Ann Vaughn, Marek Albert Vranka, Aaron Lee Wichman, Julie A. Woodzicka, and Brian A. Nosek

Abstract

Although replication is a central tenet of science, direct replications are rare in psychology. This research tested variation in the replicability of thirteen classic and contemporary effects across 36 independent samples totaling 6,344 participants. In the aggregate, ten effects replicated consistently. One effect – imagined contact reducing prejudice – showed weak support for replicability. And two effects – flag priming influencing conservatism and currency priming influencing system justification – did not replicate. We compared whether the conditions such as lab versus online or U.S. versus international sample predicted effect magnitudes. By and large they did not. The results of this small sample of effects suggest that replicability is more dependent on the effect itself than on the sample and setting used to investigate the effect.

Published
2022

16. Theory Building through Replication: Response to Commentaries on the 'Many Labs' Replication Project

Author

Richard Anthony Klein, Kate A. Ratliff, Michelangelo Vianello, Reginald B. Adams, Štěpán Bahník, Michael Bernstein, Konrad Bocian, Mark Brandt, Beach Smith Brooks, Claudia Chloe Brumbaugh, Zeynep Cemalcilar, Jesse J. Chandler, Winnee Cheong, William E. Davis, Thierry Devos, Matthew Eisner, Natalia Frankowska, David Furrow, Elisa Maria Galliani, Fred Hasselman, Joshua A. Hicks, James F. Hovermale, S. Jane Hunt, Jeffrey R. Huntsinger, Hans IJzerman, Melissa-Sue John, Jennifer Joy-Gaba, Heather Barry Kappes, Lacy Elise Krueger, Jaime Kurtz, Carmel Levitan, Robyn Mallett, Wendy Morris, Anthony J. Nelson, Jason A. Nier, Grant Packard, Ronaldo Pilati, Abraham M. Rutchick, Kathleen Schmidt, Jeanine Skorinko, Troy G. Steiner, Justin Storbeck, Lyn van Swol, Donna Thompson, Anna Elisabeth van 't Veer, Leigh Ann Vaughn, Marek Albert Vranka, Aaron Lee Wichman, Julie A. Woodzicka, and Brian A. Nosek

Abstract

This manuscript contains our responses to several commentaries about the Many Labs Project (Klein et al., 2014).

Published
2022

17. Probabilistic harm does not increase selfish behavior in a bribe-taking laboratory task

Author

Štěpán Bahník and Marek Albert Vranka

Abstract

Negative consequences of dishonest behavior prevent people from breaking rules for selfish gains. However, harm caused by many kinds of dishonest behavior is uncertain. In the present study, we let participants to break rules in a sorting task in order to increase their rewards while simultaneously harming a third party, simulating a bribe-taking. We varied the probability with which the harm occurred while keeping the expected size of harm constant across experimental conditions. We found that uncertainty of negative consequences of corrupt behavior had no effect on bribe-taking.

Published
2022

18. The globalizability of temporal discounting

Author

Kai Ruggeri, Amma Panin, Milica Vdovic, Bojana Većkalov, Nazeer Abdul-Salaam, Jascha Achterberg, Jolly Amatya, Kanchan Amatya, Arjoon Arunasalam, Sarah Ashcroft-Jones, Aseman Bagheri Sheshdeh, Eike Kofi Buabang, Matthias Burghart, Sibele Dias Aquino, Ludvig Daae Bjørndal, Ana-Maria Cazan, Georgia Clay, Simone D'Ambrogio, Tatianna Dugue, David Feng, René Freichel, Lucia Freira, Maja Friedemann, Ziwei Gao, Sandra Jeanette Geiger, Marlene Hecht, David Izydorczyk, Lea Jakob, Hannes Jarke, Ondřej Kácha, Ralitsa Karakasheva, Emmanuel Kemel, Jakub Maciej Krawiec, Nato Lagidze, Aleksandra Lazić, Hyung Seo Lee, Zan Lep, Samuel Lins, Metasebiya Ayele Mamo, Silvana Mareva, Sebastian A. Meyer, Lucy McGill, Sharon McParland, Szymon Bartłomiej Mizak, Aizhan Mukhyshbayeva, Joaquin Navajas, Dragana Neshevska, Ana Elsa Nieto, Franziska Nippold, Julia Marie Oberschulte, Riinu Pae, Tsvetelina Panchelieva, Sun Young Park, Daria Stefania Pascu, Gerhard M. Prinz, Nikolay R. Rachev, Josip Razum, Charlotte Rutherford, Rand Said, Inés Sanguino, Yarden Shir, D. Elisabeth C. Sievert, Irina Soboleva, Felice Tavera, Anna Louise Todsen, Volodymyr Vakhitov, Adrianna Jordan Valencia, Tina Venema, Jáchym Vintr, Marek Albert Vranka, Lisa Wagner, Kailin Xu, Aleksandra Yosifova, Zorana Zupan, and Eduardo Garcia-Garzon

Abstract

Economic inequality is associated with extreme rates of temporal discounting, which is a behavioral pattern where individuals choose smaller, immediate financial gains over larger, delayed gains. Such patterns may feed into rising global inequality, yet it is unclear if they are a function of choice preferences or norms, or rather absence of sufficient resources to meet immediate needs. It is also not clear if these reflect true differences in choice patterns between income groups. We test temporal discounting and five intertemporal choice anomalies using local currencies and value standards in 61 countries. Across a diverse sample of 13,629 participants, we found highly consistent rates of choice anomalies. Individuals with lower incomes were not significantly different, but economic inequality and broader financial circumstances impact population choice patterns.

Published
2021

20. Publisher correction: Situational factors shape moral judgements in the trolley dilemma in Eastern, Southern and Western countries in a culturally diverse sample

Author

Bence Bago, Marton Kovacs, John Protzko, Tamas Nagy, Zoltan Kekecs, Bence Palfi, Matus Adamkovic, Sylwia Adamus, Sumaya Albalooshi, Nihan Albayrak-Aydemir, Ilham N. Alfian, Sinan Alper, Sara Alvarez-Solas, Sara G. Alves, Santiago Amaya, Pia K. Andresen, Gulnaz Anjum, Daniel Ansari, Patrícia Arriaga, John Jamir Benzon R. Aruta, Alexios Arvanitis, Peter Babincak, Krystian Barzykowski, Bana Bashour, Ernest Baskin, Luisa Batalha, Carlota Batres, Jozef Bavolar, Fatih Bayrak, Benjamin Becker, Maja Becker, Anabel Belaus, Michał Białek, Ennio Bilancini, Daniel Boller, Leonardo Boncinelli, Jordane Boudesseul, Benjamin T. Brown, Erin M. Buchanan, Muhammad M. Butt, Dustin P. Calvillo, Nate C. Carnes, Jared B. Celniker, Christopher R. Chartier, William J. Chopik, Poom Chotikavan, Hu Chuan-Peng, Rockwell F. Clancy, Ogeday Çoker, Rita C. Correia, Vera Cubela Adoric, Carmelo P. Cubillas, Stefan Czoschke, Yalda Daryani, Job A. M. de Grefte, Wieteke C. de Vries, Elif G. Demirag Burak, Carina Dias, Barnaby J. W. Dixson, Xinkai Du, Francesca Dumančić, Andrei Dumbravă, Natalia B. Dutra, Janina Enachescu, Celia Esteban-Serna, Luis Eudave, Thomas R. Evans, Gilad Feldman, Fatima M. Felisberti, Susann Fiedler, Andrej Findor, Alexandra Fleischmann, Francesco Foroni, Radka Francová, Darius-Aurel Frank, Cynthia H. Y. Fu, Shan Gao, Omid Ghasemi, Ali-Reza Ghazi-Noori, Maliki E. Ghossainy, Isabella Giammusso, Tripat Gill, Biljana Gjoneska, Mario Gollwitzer, Aurélien Graton, Maurice Grinberg, Agata Groyecka-Bernard, Elizabeth A. Harris, Andree Hartanto, Widad A. N. M. Hassan, Javad Hatami, Katrina R. Heimark, Jasper J. J. Hidding, Evgeniya Hristova, Matej Hruška, Charlotte A. Hudson, Richard Huskey, Ayumi Ikeda, Yoel Inbar, Gordon P. D. Ingram, Ozan Isler, Chris Isloi, Aishwarya Iyer, Bastian Jaeger, Steve M. J. Janssen, William Jiménez-Leal, Biljana Jokić, Pavol Kačmár, Veselina Kadreva, Gwenaël Kaminski, Farzan Karimi-Malekabadi, Arno T. A. Kasper, Keith M. Kendrick, Bradley J. Kennedy, Halil E. Kocalar, Rabia I. Kodapanakkal, Marta Kowal, Elliott Kruse, Lenka Kučerová, Anton Kühberger, Anna O. Kuzminska, Fanny Lalot, Claus Lamm, Joris Lammers, Elke B. Lange, Anthony Lantian, Ivy Y.-M. Lau, Ljiljana B. Lazarevic, Marijke C. Leliveld, Jennifer N. Lenz, Carmel A. Levitan, Savannah C. Lewis, Manyu Li, Yansong Li, Haozheng Li, Tiago J. S. Lima, Samuel Lins, Marco Tullio Liuzza, Paula Lopes, Jackson G. Lu, Trent Lynds, Martin Máčel, Sean P. Mackinnon, Madhavilatha Maganti, Zoe Magraw-Mickelson, Leon F. Magson, Harry Manley, Gabriela M. Marcu, Darja Masli Seršić, Celine-Justine Matibag, Alan D. A. Mattiassi, Mahdi Mazidi, Joseph P. McFall, Neil McLatchie, Michael C. Mensink, Lena Miketta, Taciano L. Milfont, Alberto Mirisola, Michal Misiak, Panagiotis Mitkidis, Mehrad Moeini-Jazani, Arash Monajem, David Moreau, Erica D. Musser, Erita Narhetali, Danielle P. Ochoa, Jerome Olsen, Nicholas C. Owsley, Asil A. Özdoğru, Miriam Panning, Marietta Papadatou-Pastou, Neha Parashar, Philip Pärnamets, Mariola Paruzel-Czachura, Michal Parzuchowski, Julia V. Paterlini, Jeffrey M. Pavlacic, Mehmet Peker, Kim Peters, Liudmila Piatnitckaia, Isabel Pinto, Monica Renee Policarpio, Nada Pop-Jordanova, Annas J. Pratama, Maximilian A. Primbs, Ekaterina Pronizius, Danka Purić, Elisa Puvia, Vahid Qamari, Kun Qian, Alain Quiamzade, Beáta Ráczová, Diego A. Reinero, Ulf-Dietrich Reips, Cecilia Reyna, Kimberly Reynolds, Matheus F. F. Ribeiro, Jan P. Röer, Robert M. Ross, Petros Roussos, Fernando Ruiz-Dodobara, Susana Ruiz-Fernandez, Bastiaan T. Rutjens, Katarzyna Rybus, Adil Samekin, Anabela C. Santos, Nicolas Say, Christoph Schild, Kathleen Schmidt, Karolina A. Ścigała, MohammadHasan Sharifian, Jiaxin Shi, Yaoxi Shi, Erin Sievers, Miroslav Sirota, Michael Slipenkyj, Çağlar Solak, Agnieszka Sorokowska, Piotr Sorokowski, Sinem Söylemez, Niklas K. Steffens, Ian D. Stephen, Anni Sternisko, Laura Stevens-Wilson, Suzanne L. K. Stewart, Stefan Stieger, Daniel Storage, Justine Strube, Kyle J. Susa, Raluca D. Szekely-Copîndean, Natalia M. Szostak, Bagus Takwin, Srinivasan Tatachari, Andrew G. Thomas, Kevin E. Tiede, Lucas E. Tiong, Mirjana Tonković, Bastien Trémolière, Lauren V. Tunstead, Belgüzar N. Türkan, Mathias Twardawski, Miguel A. Vadillo, Zahir Vally, Leigh Ann Vaughn, Bruno Verschuere, Denis Vlašiček, Martin Voracek, Marek A. Vranka, Shuzhen Wang, Skye-Loren West, Stephen Whyte, Leigh S. Wilton, Anna Wlodarczyk, Xue Wu, Fei Xin, Su Yadanar, Hiroshi Yama, Yuki Yamada, Onurcan Yilmaz, Sangsuk Yoon, Danielle M. Young, Ilya Zakharov, Rizqy A. Zein, Ingo Zettler, Iris L. Žeželj, Don C. Zhang, Jin Zhang, Xiaoxiao Zheng, Rink Hoekstra, and Balazs Aczel

Subjects
Behavioral Neuroscience, Behaviour Change and Well-being, Social Psychology, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Social Development
Abstract

Correction to: Nature Human Behaviour https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-022-01319-5, published online 14 April 2022.

Published
2022

21. What makes euthanasia justifiable? The role of symptoms’ characteristics and interindividual differences

Author

Štěpán Bahník, Klára Trefná, and Marek A. Vranka

Subjects
050103 clinical psychology, Clinical Psychology, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Euthanasia, Policy decision, Surveys and Questionnaires, 05 social sciences, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Humans, 050109 social psychology, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Psychology, Social psychology
Abstract

The consideration of laypeople's views of conditions under which euthanasia is justifiable is important for policy decisions. In an online survey of US respondents, we examined how patient's symptoms influence justifiability of euthanasia. Euthanasia was judged more justifiable for conditions associated with physical suffering and negative impact on other people. The weight given to physical suffering and negative impact on others in evaluation of justifiability of euthanasia also differed based on personal characteristics. The results suggest that public discourse about medical assistance in dying should take into account differences in its perceived justifiability for patients with different conditions.

Published
2019

22. The Challenge of Human Psychology to Effective Management of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Author

Petr Houdek, Marek A. Vranka, and Petr Koblovský

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Sociology and Political Science, media_common.quotation_subject, Neglect, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Pandemic, 050602 political science & public administration, Cognitive dissonance, medicine, Backfire effect, media_common, Public health, Government, business.industry, 05 social sciences, Government communication, COVID-19, General Social Sciences, Social Science and Public Policy, Public relations, Cognitive bias, 0506 political science, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Diversity (politics), Cognitive style
Abstract

When it comes to the nature of the COVID-19 pandemic and the effectiveness of measures against the disease, many citizens worldwide do not trust their governments or health authorities. This brief essay discusses several psychological mechanisms which, under certain conditions, lead people to ignore important sources of information and hinder effective management of the epidemic. The paper shows that understanding psychological mechanisms, such as information neglect, cognitive dissonance, psychological reactance, and, in general, the diversity of people’s thinking styles, may help leaders design more effective government communications.

Published
2021

23. The general fault in our fault lines

Author

Žan Lep, Josip Razum, Patricia Gale, Tasja S. Mueller, Tomas Folke, Marlene Hecht, Marek A. Vranka, Nélida Ayacaxli, Eduardo Garcia-Garzon, Bettina Moltrecht, Kai Ruggeri, Irena Pavlović, Lucy McGill, Marija Petrović, Bojana Većkalov, Lauren Wilkins, Georgia Clay, Maya Esberg, Gerhard M. Prinz, Samuel Lincoln Bezerra Lins, Maja Friedemann, Dora Popović, Jeffrey Lees, Vanessa Bühler, Anna Cortijos-Bernabeu, Jáchym Vintr, Lana Bojanić, Anastasia Gracheva, Twinkle Dwarkanath, Lea Jakob, Kalina Nikolova Kalinova, Sarah Ashcroft-Jones, Ralitsa Karakasheva, Thomas Lind Andersen, Katharina Herte, Salomé Mamede, Milica Vdovic, Ingvild S. Lofthus, Allegra Girardello, Mari Louise Berge, Sara Morales-Izquierdo, Silvana Mareva, Leya George, Manou Willems, Thiago Otto, Melis Çetinçelik, Kaja Damnjanović, Aleksandra Yosifova, Inés Sanguino, Ezra N. Felder, Aleksandra Gracheva, Darianna I. Frontera-Villanueva, Sandra J. Geiger, Mina Cikara, Paula Barea-Arroyo, Joakim Nelsson, Margo Janssens, Alessandro F. Paul, Mafalda F. Mascarenhas, Tatianna M. Dugue, Nicolas Say, Aslı Bursalıoğlu, Irem Soysal, Hannes Jarke, Marquis Guillory, Maja Vovko, Barbora Hubená, Martin Čadek, Celia Esteban-Serna, Markus R. Tünte, Marzia Musetti, Mahmoud A. Ahmed, Anna Louise Todsen, William Ingalls, Lisa Wagner, Ondřej Kácha, Jakob Schuck, Ivaylo Sakelariev, Vivian Samuels, Sandy Zeng, Ludvig Daae Bjørndal, Peggah R. Khorrami, Elizabeth Wisdom, Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, Sociale Psychologie (Psychologie, FMG), FdR overig onderzoek, Department of Organization Studies, and Social Psychology

Subjects
Cross-Cultural Comparison, Social Psychology, media_common.quotation_subject, Culture, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Generalization, Psychological, 03 medical and health sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience, Politics, 0302 clinical medicine, Intervention (counseling), Perception, Phenomenon, Humans, Generalizability theory, Narrative, Social Change, Social Behavior, 030304 developmental biology, media_common, Rationalization, Stereotyping, political polarization meta-perceptions generalizability, 0303 health sciences, Communication Barriers, Transparency (behavior), Sociological Factors, Group Processes, Social Perception, Psychology, Attribution, Social psychology, Prejudice, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

A pervading global narrative suggests that political polarisation is increasing in the US and around the world. Beliefs in increased polarisation impact individual and group behaviours regardless of whether they are accurate or not. One driver of polarisation are beliefs about how members of the out-group perceive us, known as group meta-perceptions. A 2020 study by Lees and Cikara in US samples suggests that not only are out-group meta-perceptions highly inaccurate, but informing people of this inaccuracy reduces negative beliefs about the out-group. Given the importance of these findings for understanding and mitigating polarisation, it is essential to test to what extent they generalise to other countries. We assess that generalisability by replicating two of the original experiments in 10,207 participants from 26 countries in the first experiment and 10 in the second. We do this by studying local group divisions, which we refer to as fault lines. In line with our hypotheses, results show that the pattern found in the US broadly generalises, with greater heterogeneity explained by specific policies rather than between-country differences. The replication of a simple disclosure intervention in the second experiment yielded a modest reduction in negative motive attributions to the out-group, similar to the original study. These findings indicate first that inaccurate and negative group meta-perceptions are exhibited in a large number of countries, not only the US, and that informing individuals of their misperceptions can yield positive benefits for intergroup relations. The generalisability of these findings highlights a robust phenomenon with major implications for political discourse worldwide.

Published
2021

24. Experimental test of the effects of punishment probability and size on the decision to take a bribe

Author

Štěpán Bahník and Marek Albert Vranka

Subjects
Economics and Econometrics, General Social Sciences, Applied Psychology
Abstract

Punishment is one of the main methods for preventing corruption. However, studies on the effect of size and probability of punishment on bribe-taking have not yielded conclusive results. We introduce a punishment by a fine or termination of the task, both with varying probabilities, in a laboratory task modeling the decision to take a bribe. The punishment decreased the probability of taking higher bribes, even though the probability of taking lower bribes was unaffected. Participants took fewer bribes when the fine was larger and more probable. We did not observe any clear negative effects of small punishment crowding out intrinsic motivation to behave honestly. However, we found that effects of punishment differ based on emotionality and honesty-humility of participants. The study shows that the prospect of punishment may deter dishonest behavior; however, personality characteristics should be taken into account when devising an effective deterrence policy.

Published
2022

25. Registered Replication Report on Fischer, Castel, Dodd, and Pratt (2003)

Author

Julio Santiago, Mojtaba Soltanlou, Lincoln J. Colling, Marek A. Vranka, Paul M. Corballis, Brenda Ocampo, Christine K. Chrystall, Peter J. B. Hancock, Edward M. Hubbard, Dénes Szűcs, Damiano De Marco, Sau-Chin Chen, Juanma de la Fuente, Simone Cutini, Marc Ouellet, Tia A. Tummino, Juan Lupiáñez, Laura Mieth, Stephen R. H. Langton, Barbara Treccani, Irene C. Mammarella, Oliver Lindemann, Celia Goffin, Donna Bryce, Elizabeth Y. Toomarian, Krzysztof Cipora, Remo Job, Raoul Bell, Javier Ortiz-Tudela, Dion T. Henare, Ailsa E. Millen, Kevin J. Holmes, Adéla Becková, Jiří Lukavský, Jan Philipp Röer, Mark S. Saviano, Rolf Ulrich, Daniel Ansari, Rolf A. Zwaan, Elise Klein, H. Moriah Sokolowski, Korbinian Moeller, Stefan Huber, Claudio Mulatti, Axel Buchner, Hans-Christoph Nuerk, Philipp A. Schroeder, Blakeley B. McShane, Laboratoire de psychologie du développement et de l'éducation de l'enfant (LaPsyDÉ - UMR 8240), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien [Tübingen], Szucs, Denes [0000-0002-9477-0801], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Research Methods and Techniques, and Brain and Cognition

Subjects
Open materials, open data, [SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology, 01 natural sciences, Preregistered, 050105 experimental psychology, meta-analysis, multivariate, open data, open materials, preregistered, preregistered, Developmental psychology, 010104 statistics & probability, Fluency, multivariate, ddc:150, Replication (statistics), 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, 0101 mathematics, Association (psychology), General Psychology, Mathematics anxiety, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, 05 social sciences, Open data, open materials, meta-analysis, Meta-analysis, Mental number line, Multivariate
Abstract

International audience; The attentional spatial-numerical association of response codes (Att-SNARC) effect (Fischer, Castel, Dodd, & Pratt, 2003)-the finding that participants are quicker to detect left-side targets when the targets are preceded by small numbers and quicker to detect right-side targets when they are preceded by large numbers-has been used as evidence for embodied number representations and to support strong claims about the link between number and space (e.g., a mental number line). We attempted to replicate Experiment 2 of Fischer et al. by collecting data from 1,105 participants at 17 labs. Across all 1,105 participants and four interstimulus-interval conditions, the proportion of times the effect we observed was positive (i.e., directionally consistent with the original effect) was .50. Further, the effects we observed both within and across labs were minuscule and incompatible with those observed by Fischer et al. Given this, we conclude that we failed to replicate the effect reported by Fischer et al. In addition, our analysis of several participantlevel moderators (finger-counting habits, reading and writing direction, handedness, and mathematics fluency and mathematics anxiety) revealed no substantial moderating effects. Our results indicate that the Att-SNARC effect cannot be used as evidence to support strong claims about the link between number and space.

Published
2020

26. A global test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic

Author

Ke Wang, Amit Goldenberg, Charles Dorison, Jeremy K. Miller, Andero Uusberg, Jennifer Susan Lerner, James Gross, Gabriela Mariana Marcu, Elena Agadullina, Matus Adamkovic, Marta Roczniewska, Angelos Kassianos, Pinar Dursun, Azuka Ikechukwu ARINZE, Nwadiogo Chisom Arinze, Chisom Ogbonnaya, Izuchukwu Lawrence Gabriel Ndukaihe, Ilker Dalgar, Handan Akkas, Paulo Manuel Labalan Macapagal, Savannah C Lewis, Irem Metin-Orta, Megan Willis, Anabela Caetano Santos, Aviv Mokady, Niv Reggev, Martin R. Vasilev, Nora L. Nock, Michal Parzuchowski, Mauricio F Espinoza Barría, Marek Albert Vranka, Ivan Ropovik, Xiaohui Yao, Maja Becker, Efisio Manunta, Gwenaël Kaminski, Andrej Findor, David M. G. Lewis, JOHN JAMIR BENZON R. ARUTA, Janis Zickfeld, Julio Cruz Vásquez, Ekaterina Pronizius, Claus Lamm, Ranran Li, Jaroslava Varella Valentova, Giovanna Mioni, Nicola Cellini, Sau-Chin Chen, Karis Moon, Habiba Azab, Anna Louise Todsen, K. van Schie, Jozef Bavolar, Lara Warmelink, Robert M Ross, Ian David Stephen, Tom Hostler, Randy J. McCarthy, Caterina Grano, Claudio Singh Solorzano, Ondřej Kácha, Alexios Arvanitis, Qinyu Xiao, Rodrigo Cárcamo, Saša Zorjan, Zuzanna Jagoda Tajchman, Iris Vilares, Jeffrey Michael Pavlacic, Jonas R. Kunst, Christian K. Tamnes, Mohammad Atari, MohammadHasan Sharifian, Monika Hricova, Pavol Kačmár, Rima-Maria Rahal, Ilya Zakharov, Monica A Koehn, Celia Esteban Serna, Nandor Hajdu, Robert Calin-Jageman, Anthony James Krafnick, Sanja Batić Očovaj, Meetu Khosla, Jan Urban, Jordane Boudesseul, Jaime Silva, Marcel Martončik, Dušana Šakan, Anna O. Kuzminska, Jasna Milošević Đorđević, Inês A. T. Almeida, Ljiljana B. Lazarevic, Harry Manley, Danilo Zambrano, Renan P. Monteiro, Erica D. Musser, Daniel J. Dunleavy, Hendrik Godbersen, Susana Ruiz-Fernandez, Crystal Reeck, Carlota Batres, Flavio Azevedo, Daniela Serrato Alvarez, Zhang Chen, Frederick Verbruggen, Ignazio Ziano, Murat Tümer, Dmitrii Dubrov, Alper KARABABA, Maria del Carmen, Chris Aberson, Arlen C. Moller, Barbora Hubená, Chris Ceary, Gage Anthony Singer, Jennifer Torkildson Perillo, Tonia Ballantyne, Hongfei Du, Ilse L. Pit, Matej Hruška, Daniela Sousa, Balazs Aczel, Barnabas Szaszi, Krystian Barzykowski, Leticia Micheli, Andras N. Zsido, Mariola Paruzel-Czachura, Michal Bialek, Marta Kowal, Agnieszka Sorokowska, Michał Misiak, Patricia Arriaga, Raquel Alves Oliveira, Leigh Ann Vaughn, Paulina Szwed, Małgorzata Kossowska, Julita Kielińska, Benedict Guzman Antazo, Stefan Stieger, Gustav Nilsonne, Nicolle Simonovic, Jennifer M Taber, Amélie Gourdon-Kanhukamwe, Artur Domurat, Keiko Ihaya, Yuki Yamada, Anum Urooj, Tripat Gill, Lisa Bylinina, Ekaterina Baklanova, Nihan Albayrak-Aydemir, Heather Barry Kappes, Biljana Gjoneska, Thea House, Jana Berkessel, Rafał Muda, William J. Chopik, Sami Çoksan, Martin Seehuus, Ahmed Khaoudi, Soufian Azouaghe, Kanza AIT EL ARABI, Ikhlas Djamai, John Paul Wilson, Arca Adıgüzel, Halil Emre Kocalar, James Norton, Marietta Papadatou-Pastou, Kortnee Evans, Hu Chuan-Peng, ANABEL DE LA ROSA GOMEZ, Vladislav Ankushev, Natalia Bogatyreva, Dmitry Grigoryev, Aleksandr Ivanov, Irina Prusova, Marina Romanova, Irena Sarieva, Maria Terskova, Evgeniya Hristova, Allison Janak, Vidar Schei, Therese E Sverdrup, Adrian Dahl Askelund, W. Matthew Collins, Leanne Boucher, Nihal Ouherrou, Jana Schrötter, Ahmed Bokkour, Nicolas Say, Sladjana Sinkolova, Kristina Janjić, Dragana Stojanovska, Gijsbert Bijlstra, Farnaz Mosannenzadeh, Ulf-Dietrich Reips, Ernest Baskin, Byurakn Ishkhanyan, Johanna Czamanski-Cohen, Barnaby Dixson, David Moreau, Clare Sutherland, Chris Noone, Michele Anne, Steve M. J. Janssen, Cynthia H.Y. Fu, Nadyanna M. Majeed, Yoshihiko Kunisato, Shimrit Daches, Andree Hartanto, Milica Vdovic, Paul Forbes, Julia Kamburidis, Nikolay R. Rachev, Alina Stoyanova, Evelina Marinova, Kathleen Schmidt, Jordan W Suchow, Maria Koptjevskaja-Tamm, Teodor Jernsäther, Jonas Olofsson, Olga Bialobrzeska, Magdalena Marszalek, Srinivasan Tatachari, Reza Afhami, Wilbert Law, Barbara Zuro, Natalia Van Doren, Jose Soto, Rachel A Searston, Jacob Francisco Miranda, Siu Kit Yeung, Dino Krupić, Bastian Jaeger, Dongning Ren, Gerit Pfuhl, Kristoffer Klevjer, Zahir Vally, Juan Camilo Vargas-Nieto, Nadia Saraí Corral-Frías, Martha Frías-Armenta, Marc Yancy Lucas, Adriana Olaya Torres, Mónica Toro, Diego Vega, Sara Álvarez Solas, Roosevelt Vilar, Sébastien Massoni, Cecilia Reyna, Sara Johanna Pöntinen, Gabriel Agboola Adetula, Francesco Foroni, Merve A. Kurfali, Markéta Braun Kohlová, Mikayel Harutyunyan, Anais Thibault Landry, Manuel S Ortiz, Martin Voracek, Maurice Grinberg, Jáchym Vintr, Lada Kaliska, Razieh Pourafshari, Sandra Jeanette Geiger, Julia Beitner, Anna Szala, Gulnaz Anjum, Claudia Christina von Bastian, Noga Cohen, Komila Kirgizova, Abdumalik Muminov, Muhammad Mussaffa Butt, Jeong Min Lee, Abdelilah CHARYATE, Asli Sacakli, Karley Richard, Wilson Cyrus-Lai, Maksim Fedotov, Magdalena Wielgus, Sylwia Adamus, Débora Mola, Pablo Correa, Anabel Belaus, Fany Muchembled, Rafael Ramos Ribeiro, Nida Abbas, Martin Čadek, Johanna Messerschmidt, Adeyemi Adetula, Veselina Kadreva, Alexandre Bran, David C. Vaidis, Luc Vieira, Gabriel Lins Holanda Coelho, Cassie Marie Whitt, Alexa Mary Tullett, Xinkai Du, Leonhard Volz, Eylül Sarioguz, Max Korbmacher, Tiago Lima, Matheus Fernando Felix Ribeiro, Jeroen Verharen, Maria Karekla, Lisa M Jaremka, Daniel Storage, Anna Studzinska, Paul H. P. Hanel, Dawn Liu Holford, Miroslav Sirota, Kelly Wolfe, Faith Chiu, Andriana Theodoropoulou, El Rim Ahn, Yijun Lin, Erin Corwin Westgate, Gabriela Hofer, Kevin Vezirian, Giovanni A. Travaglino, Dafne Marko, Manyu Li, Nathan Torunsky, Mathi Manavalan, Xin Song, Radoslaw B. Walczak, Przemysław Zdybek, Anna Dalla Rosa, Luca Kozma, Sara Gouveia Alves, Rita Correia, Isabel Rocha Pinto, Peter Babincak, Gabriel Baník, Marco Antonio Correa Varella, Jim Uttley, Julie Beshears, Katrine Krabbe Thommesen, Behzad Behzadnia, Maria Bradford, Shawn Geniole, Miguel Alejandro A. Silan, Johannes K Vilsmeier, Ulrich S. Tran, Sara Morales-Izquierdo, Michael Craig Mensink, Agata Groyecka-Bernard, Piotr Sorokowski, Theda Radtke, Asil Ali Özdoğru, Tatsunori Ishii, Aaron Lee Wichman, Jan Philipp Röer, Thomas Ostermann, William E. Davis, Lilian Suter, Ana Ferreira, Bamikole Bamikole Agesin, Kafeel Rana, Luis Eudave, Olatz Campos, Karolina Grzech, Daphna Hausman Ozery, Emily A. Jackson, William Jimenez-Leal, Valerija Krizanic, Elkin Oswaldo Luis Garcia, Shira Meir Drexler, Anita Penić Jurković, Eva Štrukelj, Maria Antoniadi, Kermeka Desai, Zoi Gialitaki, Elizaveta Kushnir, Khaoula Nadif, Olalla Niño Bravo, Rafia Nauman, Marlies Oosterlinck, Myrto Pantazi, Natalia Pilecka, Anna Szabelska, I M M van Steenkiste, Katarzyna Filip, Andreea Ioana Bozdoc, Minja Westerlund, Lina Ahlgren, Chunhui Wang, Neil L Levy, Jennifer L Beaudry, Lara Samojlenko, Peder Mortvedt Isager, Weilun Chou, Bence Palfi, Nadya-Daniela Schmidt, Maria Victoria Ortiz, Gabriela Czarnek, Marc Jones, Jana B. Berkessel, Aishwarya Iyer, Neha Parashar, Carsten Bundt, Lina Maria Sanabria Pineda, Andrew G. Thomas, Franki Y. H. Kung, Busra Bahar Balci, Heather D Flowe, Marta Topor, Karen Yu, Lisa Anton-Boicuk, Murathan Kurfalı, Jan Antfolk, Kaja Damnjanović, Karlijn Hoyer, Oscar J. Galindo-Caballero, Laura Calderón Pérez, Grey Javela Delgado, Thomas Frizzo, Mariagrazia Capizzi, Anna Greenburgh, Minke Bosma, CEMRE KARAARSLAN, Tara Bulut Allred, Melissa Fay Colloff, Christiana Karashiali, Naoyuki Sunami, Sumaiya Habib, Widad Hassan, Hilmar Brohmer, Olivier Dujols, Gilad Feldman, Afroja Ahmed, Jasmijn Bosch, Hui Bai, Maja Friedemann, Luis Miguel Rojas-Berscia, Princess Lovella Gonzales Maturan, Lukasz Walasek, Vera Cubela Adoric, Joelle Carpentier, Jennifer Alana Joy-Gaba, Chelsea Zabel, Charles R. Ebersole, Christopher R. Chartier, Peter Robert Mallik, Heather L. Urry, Erin Michelle Buchanan, Nicholas Alvaro Coles, Maximilian Primbs, Dana Basnight-Brown, Hans IJzerman, Patrick S. Forscher, and Hannah Moshontz

Subjects
PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Emotion
Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased negative emotions and decreased positive emotions globally. Left unchecked, these emotional changes might have a wide array of adverse impacts. To reduce negative emotions and increase positive emotions, we tested the effectiveness of reappraisal, an emotion regulation strategy which modifies how one thinks about a situation. Participants from 87 countries/regions (N = 21,644) were randomly assigned to one of two brief reappraisal interventions (reconstrual or repurposing) or one of two control conditions (active or passive). Results revealed that both reappraisal interventions (vs. both control conditions) had consistent effects in reducing negative emotions and increasing positive emotions across different measures. Reconstrual and repurposing had similar effects. Importantly, planned exploratory analyses indicated that reappraisal interventions did not reduce intentions to practice preventive health behaviours. The findings demonstrate the viability of creating scalable, low-cost interventions for use around the world to build resilience during the pandemic and beyond.

Published
2020

27. Consumer Decision Making in the Information Age

Author

Petr Houdek, Petr Koblovský, Marek A. Vranka, and Daniel Šťastný

Subjects
Information Age, Sociology and Political Science, Policy making, 05 social sciences, Freedom of choice, General Social Sciences, Behavioral economics, Best interests, 050105 experimental psychology, Lead (geology), Salient, Cognitive resource theory, 0502 economics and business, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, 050207 economics, Marketing
Abstract

Providing people with more information and more options may seem as a good policy. However, because of limited attention and cognitive resources, people are not able to use all available information and freedom of choice effectively to achieve their own best interests. When cognitive resources and attention are depleted, decision making becomes shallow and intuitive, often unable to take important aspects of given situations into account – even though this information is readily available. An intuitive decision making may lead to suboptimal outcomes by overestimating the importance of the most salient cues and disregarding the less obvious future consequences. Although this creates a demand for decision making aides that could be satisfied by markets, policy regulation may be necessary in some areas. We provide specific examples of problems arising from limited attention together with solutions based on behavioral economics approach to policy making known as nudging.

Published
2018

28. Honesty of online workers: A field experiment shows no evidence of self-selection of cheaters to a cheating-enabling work environment

Author

Nikola Frollová, Marek A. Vranka, Štěpán Bahník, Marek Hudík, Petr Houdek, and Markéta Sýkorová

Subjects
040101 forestry, Economics and Econometrics, 050208 finance, Dishonesty, media_common.quotation_subject, Cheating, 05 social sciences, Applied psychology, General Social Sciences, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Work environment, Task (project management), Emotionality, Honesty, 0502 economics and business, Selection (linguistics), 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Psychology, Applied Psychology, media_common
Abstract

Does the choice of an environment where cheating is possible lead to its escalation? We analyzed behavior of employees (N = 284) hired to perform a task online. In the manual reporting (MR), employees could overreport the number of hours worked. In the automatic reporting (AR), the hours were counted automatically, making cheating impossible. Two-thirds of the participants were given a chance to choose the reporting scheme, the rest were assigned to the MR directly. As the actual time spent on the task was tracked in all conditions, we were able to assess the degree of overreporting by employees in MR. Although we found that people in MR slightly overreported the hours worked, employees who chose MR did not overreport their hours more than those assigned to MR at random. Moreover, participants lower in honesty-humility were not more likely to choose MR; only those higher in emotionality were. The results show that even when enabled to cheat, online workers reported their hours worked honestly and the possibility for cheaters to select cheating enabling environments may not always lead to an increase of dishonesty in organizations.

Published
2021

29. Unpacking the justifiability of dishonesty: Behavioral and process-tracing investigation

Author

Štěpán Bahník, Marek A. Vranka, František Bartoš, and Emir Efendic

Subjects
Unpacking, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Prosocial Behavior, Dishonesty, Computer science, media_common.quotation_subject, ComputingMilieux_PERSONALCOMPUTING, Data science, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Moral Behavior, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences, ComputerApplications_MISCELLANEOUS, Process tracing, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Psychology|Social Psychology, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Psychology|Personality and Social Contexts, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology, media_common
Abstract

When an opportunity to cheat is present, having a justification increases the chance that people will take it. We report a study where people made choices whether to cheat for their own or the charity’s benefit, without a cost to the other party or at its expense. Social and situational justifications were manipulated by varying the beneficiary of cheating and ambiguity of cheating to make it easier for people to cheat. We found that people cheated less in the trials where cheating for one beneficiary was at the expense of the other party. Using mouse-tracking data, we examined whether cheating was relatively deliberate or automatic. People hesitated more on trials where they were tempted to cheat, but there was no change in the initial direction of mouse movement on such trials. Our results suggest that cheating is not an automatic process, that justifications have a similar impact on cheating for oneself and others, and that people might be wary of cheating for one party at the expense of another.

Published
2019

30. Many Labs 2: Investigating Variation in Replicability Across Samples and Settings

Author

Jesse Chandler, Charles R. Ebersole, Marek A. Vranka, Sharon Coen, David Sirlopú, David Torres, Eva E. Chen, Joshua C. Gandi, Anthony J. Nelson, Robbie C. M. van Aert, Eva G. T. Green, Jeroen Stouten, Elsie Ong, Cheryl Alyssa Welch, Anja Eller, Jen-Ho Chang, Catherine Verniers, Liane Young, Canay Doğulu, Joshua M. Tybur, Jon Grahe, Michelangelo Vianello, German Kurapov, Ingrid P. J. Voermans, Maaike J. de Bruijn, Karin C.H.J. Smolders, William E. Davis, Felix D. Schönbrodt, Stephanie Szeto, Katherine S. Corker, Paul G. Curran, Fernando Mena-pacheco, Julie A. Woodzicka, Leander De Schutter, Ángel Gómez, Elisa Maria Galliani, Mike Friedman, Huajian Cai, Agata Sobkow, Joy E. Losee, Kevin Durrheim, Manuela Thomae, Jennifer A. Coleman, Tanuka Ghoshal, Serdar Karabati, Vanessa Smith-Castro, Konrad Bocian, Hans IJzerman, Mark Aveyard, Janko Međedović, Marta Wrońska, Mark Verschoor, Ho Phi Huynh, Félix Neto, Joshua A. Hicks, Alexandra Vázquez, John E. Edlund, Anna van 't Veer, Zubairu K. Dagona, Thierry Devos, Oskar K. Sundfelt, Philipp Spachtholz, Tripat Gill, Maciej Sekerdej, Jennifer A. Joy-Gaba, Masanori Oikawa, Aaron Ocampo, Sean C. Murphy, Haruna Karick, Kathleen Schmidt, Goran Knežević, Ivan Grahek, Nicolas Kervyn, Grant Packard, Fred Hasselman, Byron G. Adams, Satia A. Marotta, Aaron L. Wichman, Olga Bialobrzeska, Manini Srivastava, Mark J. Brandt, Nikolette P. Lipsey, Carmel A. Levitan, Ewa Szumowska, Gábor Orosz, Michael J. Bernstein, Morgan Conway, Timo Gnambs, Koen Ilja Neijenhuijs, John M. Zelenski, Lysandra Podesta, Esther Maassen, Sinan Alper, Ilker Dalgar, Chris N. H. Street, Alexander K. Saeri, Anna Dalla Rosa, Reginald B. Adams, Ljiljana B. Lazarević, Marcel A.L.M. van Assen, Brian Collisson, Mayowa T. Babalola, Daniel Lakens, Cheryl L. Carmichael, Carrie Kovacs, Yarrow Dunham, Yoel Inbar, Patricio Saavedra, Natalia Frankowska, Austin Lee Nichols, Evans Dami Binan, Samuel Lincoln Bezerra Lins, Marije van der Hulst, Jamie Kurtz, Morgan J. Tear, Brad Pinter, Jeffrey R. Huntsinger, Åse Innes-Ker, Steffen R. Giessner, Kakul Hai, Boban Petrović, Elizabeth L. Haines, Francisco Ceric, Andriy Myachykov, Wendy L. Morris, Jordan Axt, Marieke de Vries, Lacy E. Krueger, Erika Salomon, Heather Barry Kappes, Anna Cabak Rédei, Armand Chatard, Matthew Haigh, Haruka Oikawa, Nick Neave, Monique Pollmann, Daniel R. Berry, Abraham M. Rutchick, Fiery Cushman, David C. Cicero, Brian A. Nosek, Ronaldo Pilati, Zeng Zhijia, Jakub Traczyk, Mihály Berkics, Michael P. Hall, Luis Diego Vega, Nerisa Dozo, Roberto González, Paul A. M. Van Lange, William Jiménez-Leal, Leigh Ann Vaughn, Winnee Cheong, Rolando Pérez-Sánchez, Rishtee Batra, Michael A. Smith, Andrew C. W. Tang, Štěpán Bahník, Małgorzata Osowiecka, Gabrielle Pogge, Lisa A. Williams, Alexander S. English, Robert Busching, Melissa-Sue John, Taciano L. Milfont, Fanny Cambier, Alejandro Vásquez Echeverría, Carolyn Finck, Richard A. Klein, Anna Kende, Norbert K. Tanzer, Victor N. Keller, Marie E. Heffernan, Neil A. Lewis, Jordan Theriault, Walter Sowden, Troy G. Steiner, Kristin Nicole Dukes, Adrienn Ujhelyi, Susan L. O'Donnell, Angela T. Maitner, Michael Wood, Jesse Graham, Winfrida Malingumu, Petr Houdek, Katarzyna Cantarero, Miguel-Ángel Freyre, Jeanine L. M. Skorinko, Roza G. Kamiloğlu, Robyn K. Mallett, Sociale Psychologie (Psychologie, FMG), Amsterdam Interdisciplinary Centre for Emotion (AICE, Psychology, FMG), Laboratoire Inter-universitaire de Psychologie : Personnalité, Cognition, Changement Social (LIP-PC2S ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Florida International University [Miami] (FIU), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), EDF (EDF), Biozentrum [Basel, Suisse], University of Basel (Unibas), Tilburg University [Netherlands], Performance Engineering Laboratory [Dublin] (PEL), Dublin City University [Dublin] (DCU), Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale et Cognitive (LAPSCO), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Information Technology [Kharagpur], Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur (IIT Kharagpur), Human Technology Interaction, UCL - SSH/LouRIM - Louvain Research Institute in Management and Organizations, Tilburg University, Social Psychology, IBBA, A-LAB, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, Department of Social Psychology, Department of Methodology and Statistics, Department Communication and Cognition, Language, Communication and Cognition, Department of Business-Society Management, Department of Organisation and Personnel Management, Erasmus MC other, Research Methods and Techniques, and IJzerman, Hans

Subjects
Sampling effects, H Social Sciences (General), Culture, Open materials, Learning and Plasticity, [SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology, Replication, Situational effects, 050109 social psychology, Context (language use), Social psychology, Preregistered, 050105 experimental psychology, [SHS.PSY] Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology, social psychology, cognitive psychology, replication, culture, individual differences, sampling effects, situational effects, meta-analysis, Registered Report, open data, open materials, preregistered, [STAT.ML]Statistics [stat]/Machine Learning [stat.ML], Statistical significance, Cognitive psychology, Statistics, Replication (statistics), Medicine and Health Sciences, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, General Psychology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [STAT.ME] Statistics [stat]/Methodology [stat.ME], Behaviour Change and Well-being, Data Science, 05 social sciences, Open data, [STAT.ML] Statistics [stat]/Machine Learning [stat.ML], C800, Meta-analysis, Registered Report, Individual differences, Developmental Psychopathology, [STAT.ME]Statistics [stat]/Methodology [stat.ME]
Abstract

We conducted preregistered replications of 28 classic and contemporary published findings, with protocols that were peer reviewed in advance, to examine variation in effect magnitudes across samples and settings. Each protocol was administered to approximately half of 125 samples that comprised 15,305 participants from 36 countries and territories. Using the conventional criterion of statistical significance (p < .05), we found that 15 (54%) of the replications provided evidence of a statistically significant effect in the same direction as the original finding. With a strict significance criterion (p < .0001), 14 (50%) of the replications still provided such evidence, a reflection of the extremely highpowered design. Seven (25%) of the replications yielded effect sizes larger than the original ones, and 21 (75%) yielded effect sizes smaller than the original ones. The median comparable Cohen’s ds were 0.60 for the original findings and 0.15 for the replications. The effect sizes were small (< 0.20) in 16 of the replications (57%), and 9 effects (32%) were in the direction opposite the direction of the original effect. Across settings, the Q statistic indicated significant heterogeneity in 11 (39%) of the replication effects, and most of those were among the findings with the largest overall effect sizes; only 1 effect that was near zero in the aggregate showed significant heterogeneity according to this measure. Only 1 effect had a tau value greater than .20, an indication of moderate heterogeneity. Eight others had tau values near or slightly above .10, an indication of slight heterogeneity. Moderation tests indicated that very little heterogeneity was attributable to the order in which the tasks were performed or whether the tasks were administered in lab versus online. Exploratory comparisons revealed little heterogeneity between Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) cultures and less WEIRD cultures (i.e., cultures with relatively high and low WEIRDness scores, respectively). Cumulatively, variability in the observed effect sizes was attributable more to the effect being studied than to the sample or setting in which it was studied. UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Sociales::Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas (IIP)

Published
2018

31. Registered Replication Report

Author

Jeffrey Bowen, M. M. Morry, Rebecca M. Goldberg, Danu Anthony Stinson, Jose C. Yong, R. D. Millman, H. C. Sinclair, Robert A. Ackerman, Norman P. Li, Ahmet Uysal, Rebecca J. Cobb, Irene Cheung, Marek A. Vranka, Lauren Winczewski, Heidi S. Kane, T. A. Sucharyna, Nancy L. Collins, Conrad A. Corretti, Bülent Aykutoğlu, Christopher Leone, C. Bromberg, Chelsea N. Ellithorpe, Lorne Campbell, Lisa B. Hoplock, Theresa E. DiDonato, J. S. Kim, Jennifer C. Pink, C. A. Bredow, Rodrigo J. Carcedo, Paul T. Fuglestad, Petr Houdek, T. Ritchey, Jill M. Logan, Etienne P. LeBel, E. Gündoğdu-Aktürk, N. D. Tidwell, Kevin J. Carson, Štěpán Bahník, Frank D. Golom, Noelia Fernández-Rouco, Peter A. Caprariello, L. M. Root Luna, and S. Kraus

Subjects
Report study, Sexual Behavior, 05 social sciences, 050109 social psychology, Trust, 050105 experimental psychology, Thinking, Repetition Priming, Replication (statistics), Humans, Interpersonal Relations, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Causal link, Psychology, Social psychology, Forgiveness, General Psychology
Abstract

Finkel, Rusbult, Kumashiro, and Hannon (2002, Study 1) demonstrated a causal link between subjective commitment to a relationship and how people responded to hypothetical betrayals of that relationship. Participants primed to think about their commitment to their partner (high commitment) reacted to the betrayals with reduced exit and neglect responses relative to those primed to think about their independence from their partner (low commitment). The priming manipulation did not affect constructive voice and loyalty responses. Although other studies have demonstrated a correlation between subjective commitment and responses to betrayal, this study provides the only experimental evidence that inducing changes to subjective commitment can causally affect forgiveness responses. This Registered Replication Report (RRR) meta-analytically combines the results of 16 new direct replications of the original study, all of which followed a standardized, vetted, and preregistered protocol. The results showed little effect of the priming manipulation on the forgiveness outcome measures, but it also did not observe an effect of priming on subjective commitment, so the manipulation did not work as it had in the original study. We discuss possible explanations for the discrepancy between the findings from this RRR and the original study.

Published
2016

32. Is the Emotional Dog Blind to Its Choices?

Author

Štěpán Bahník and Marek A. Vranka

Subjects
Blindness, Notice, 05 social sciences, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, General Medicine, medicine.disease, 050105 experimental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Intuitionism, medicine, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Psychology, Social psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, General Psychology, Intuition, Cognitive psychology
Abstract

Abstract. Previous choice blindness studies showed that people sometimes fail to notice when their choice is changed. Subsequently, they are willing to provide reasons for the manipulated choice which is the opposite of the one they made just seconds ago. In the present study, participants first made binary judgments about the wrongness of described behaviors and then were shown an opposite answer during a second reading of some of the descriptions. Half of the participants saw the answer during the second presentation of the description and the other half saw it only after the presentation. Based on Haidt’s Social intuitionist model, we hypothesized that participants in the latter group would be less likely to reconcile their intuition with the presented answer and thus they would be more likely to reject it. However, we found no difference between the groups.

Published
2016

33. Cheating customers in grocery stores: A field study on dishonesty

Author

Marek A. Vranka, Petr Houdek, Julie Novakova, Nikola Frollová, and Marek Pour

Subjects
Economics and Econometrics, 050208 finance, Evening, Dishonesty, Cheating, media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, Central city, General Social Sciences, Advertising, Local currency, Odds, Rest (finance), 0502 economics and business, Business, 050207 economics, Applied Psychology, Morning, media_common
Abstract

The study measures how often customers are cheated in real-world transactions. In a pre-registered field study in Prague, Czech Republic, hired confederates posed as foreigners unfamiliar with local currency. While buying snacks in grocery stores (N = 259) either in the morning or in the evening, they provided cashiers with an opportunity to steal money from them by keeping more change than they were supposed to. The customers were cheated in 21% of stores, the median overcharge was 54% of the value of an average purchase, and overcharging occurred more often in the stores with on-line reviews mentioning dishonesty of employees. Although males cheated and were cheated slightly more often than females, gender differences were not significant. In contrast with predictions of the Morning Morality Effect, dishonest behavior occurs slightly more often in the morning than in the evening. The results show that cheating of customers in grocery stores is relatively widespread and it is especially prevalent in the central city district where the odds of being cheated are more than three times higher in comparison with the rest of the city.

Published
2019

34. X good things in life: Processing fluency effects in the 'Three good things in life' exercise

Author

Jana Dlouha, Marek A. Vranka, and Štěpán Bahník

Subjects
Social Psychology, Recall, media_common.quotation_subject, Happiness, Life satisfaction, Positive psychology, Psychology, humanities, General Psychology, Processing fluency, Developmental psychology, media_common
Abstract

The present study examined whether difficulty of recollection may influence the effectiveness of the “Three good things in life” exercise that has previously been shown to increase happiness. Participants were randomly assigned to write 1–10 good things that happened to them during the day in the course of two weeks. We measured life satisfaction, positive and negative affect before the exercise and three times after the exercise. We found no effect of the number of good things participants wrote each day. Life satisfaction and positive affect of participants did not increase after the two weeks of the exercise, but we found a reduction in negative affect. We further investigated various aspects of the exercise in exploratory analyses.

Published
2015

35. If It's Difficult to Pronounce, It Might Not Be Risky: The Effect of Fluency on Judgment of Risk Does Not Generalize to New Stimuli

Author

Marek A. Vranka and Štěpán Bahník

Subjects
Perceived safety, Adult, 05 social sciences, 050109 social psychology, Stimulus (physiology), 050105 experimental psychology, Developmental psychology, Association, Fluency, Judgment, Young Adult, Risk-Taking, Terminology as Topic, Humans, Speech, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Generalizability theory, Risk taking, Psychology, Word length, General Psychology, Processing fluency, Stimulus sampling
Abstract

Processing fluency is used as a basis for various types of judgment. For example, previous research has shown that people judge food additives with names that are more difficult to pronounce (i.e., that are disfluent) to be more harmful. We explored the possibility that the association between disfluency and perceived harmfulness might be in the opposite direction for some categories of stimuli. Although we found some support for this hypothesis, an improved analysis and further studies indicated that the effect was strongly dependent on the stimuli used. We then used stimulus sampling and showed that the original association between fluency and perceived safety was not replicable with the newly constructed stimuli. We found the association between fluency and perceived safety using the newly constructed stimuli in a final study, but only when pronounceability was confounded with word length. The results cast doubt on generalizability of the association between pronounceability and perceived safety and underscore the importance of treating stimulus as a random factor.

Published
2017

36. Predictors of Bribe-Taking: The Role of Bribe Size and Personality

Author

Marek A. Vranka and Štěpán Bahník

Subjects
Third party, media_common.quotation_subject, corruption, lcsh:BF1-990, 05 social sciences, morality, Morality, 050105 experimental psychology, HEXACO, lcsh:Psychology, 0502 economics and business, Moral behavior, reaction times, Personality, bribe-taking, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Norm (social), 050207 economics, Personality Assessment Inventory, Psychology, Social psychology, General Psychology, media_common
Abstract

Laboratory studies allow studying the predictors of bribe-taking in a controlled setting. However, presently used laboratory tasks often lack any connection to norm violation or invite participants to role-play. A new experimental task for studying the decision to take a bribe was designed in this study to overcome these problems by embedding the opportunity for bribe-taking in an unrelated task that participants perform. Using this new experimental task, we found that refraining from harming a third party by taking a bribe was associated with lower offered bribes and higher scores of the participants on the honesty-humility scale from the HEXACO personality inventory. A trial-level analysis showed that response times were longer for trials with bribes and even longer for trials in which bribes were accepted. These results suggest that taking a bribe may require overcoming automatic honest response and support the validity of the honesty-humility scale in predicting moral behavior.

Published
2017

37. The Effects of Presenting Strengths as Weaknesses: Is Humblebragging an Effective Impression Management Tactic in a Job Interview?

Author

Marek Albert Vranka, Adéla Becková, and Petr Houdek

Abstract

The aim of the present research is to explore how people respond when asked about their biggest weakness (e.g., during a job interview) and what are the effects of different response strategies on their evaluation. Using a qualitative survey, we identify response strategies used by participants as well as reasons for their choices. Then, we test how these strategies affect evaluations of various personality characteristics and whether these effects interact with credentials of a job candidate in a survey experiment. First, we show that common strategies are to present a positive characteristic in the guise of a weakness (i.e., to humblebrag), to simply present a weakness, or to present a weakness that is easy to overcome or not important. The experimental results suggest that although there is a negative influence of humblebragging on perceived sincerity, it positively affects perceived competence and flexibility, and it does not affect the hiring decision itself. This holds for candidates with better as well as worse credentials. The results suggests that different impression management strategies might be suitable depending on which characteristics are more important in a given situation.

Published
2017

38. Consistency and contrast effects in moral evaluation of euthanasia

Author

Štěpán Bahník and Marek A. Vranka

Subjects
media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, Morally right, Terminally ill, 050109 social psychology, Slippery slope, Principle of legality, Morality, 050105 experimental psychology, Consistency (negotiation), 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Psychology, Social psychology, General Psychology, Slippery Slope Arguments, media_common
Abstract

Euthanasia is a highly controversial topic. One of the arguments against legalisation of euthanasia is that it would lead to an attitudinal slippery slope effect; that is, a shift in attitudes toward euthanasia even toward cases which were not legalised. The present study tested a possible mechanism which may lead to such shift in two experiments. Participants judged morality of euthanasia in two hypothetical scenarios describing patients requesting euthanasia. We found that participants who first evaluated a case of a non-terminally ill patient suffering from fatigue afterward considered euthanasia for a terminally ill patient suffering from pain more morally right than participants who evaluated euthanasia in the latter case first. Furthermore, we found that presenting the case of the patient suffering from fatigue before asking about attitudes toward legality of euthanasia led participants to oppose it more. The study suggests that public’s expressed attitudes toward legality of euthanasia might be easily influenced by a choice of illustrative examples. However, the change in attitudes predicted by the slippery slope effect was not observed.

Published
2017

39. Commentaries and Rejoinder on

Author

Jesse Chandler, Troy G. Steiner, Melissa J. Ferguson, Marek A. Vranka, Richard A. Klein, Kathleen Schmidt, Jeanine L. M. Skorinko, Štěpán Bahník, Beach Brooks, Travis J. Carter, Reginald B. Adams, Melissa-Sue John, Heather Barry Kappes, Elisa Maria Galliani, Ronaldo Pilati, Winnee Cheong, Leigh Ann Vaughn, Benoît Monin, Fritz Strack, Robyn K. Mallett, Daniel M. Oppenheimer, Julie A. Woodzicka, Thierry Devos, Abraham M. Rutchick, Natalia Frankowska, Anthony J. Nelson, S. Jane Hunt, Kate A. Ratliff, Jennifer A. Joy-Gaba, Jason A. Nier, Justin Storbeck, A. E. van ‘t Veer, Matthew Eisner, Joshua A. Hicks, Jeffrey R. Huntsinger, Norbert Schwarz, Michael J. Bernstein, Aaron L. Wichman, Fred Hasselman, Daniel Kahneman, Michelangelo Vianello, Donna Thompson, Mark J. Brandt, Ran R. Hassin, Grant Packard, Richard J. Crisp, Eleanor Miles, Lyn M. Van Swol, Wendy L. Morris, Jaime L. Kurtz, David Furrow, Robert W. Smith, Zeynep Cemalcilar, Brian A. Nosek, William E. Davis, Konrad Bocian, Hans IJzerman, James Hovermale, Shenel Husnu, Claudia Chloe Brumbaugh, Carmel A. Levitan, and Lacy E. Krueger

Subjects
Theory building, Sociology and Political Science, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Social Psychology, Scope (project management), Generalization (learning), Replication (statistics), Sample (statistics), Psychology, Social psychology, General Psychology, Reliability (statistics), Stimulus sampling
Abstract

While direct replications such as the “Many Labs” project are extremely valuable in testing the reliability of published findings across laboratories, they reflect the common reliance in psychology on single vignettes or stimuli, which limits the scope of the conclusions that can be reached. New experimental tools and statistical techniques make it easier to routinely sample stimuli, and to appropriately treat them as random factors. We encourage researchers to get into the habit of including multiple versions of the content (e.g., stimuli or vignettes) in their designs, to increase confidence in cross-stimulus generalization and to yield more realistic estimates of effect size. We call on editors to be aware of the challenges inherent in such stimulus sampling, to expect and tolerate unexplained variability in observed effect size between stimuli, and to encourage stimulus sampling instead of the deceptively cleaner picture offered by the current reliance on single stimuli.

Published
2014

40. Differences in autonomy of humans and ultrasocial insects

Author

Marek A. Vranka and Štěpán Bahník

Subjects
Insecta, Physiology, media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, Analogy, 050109 social psychology, Epistemology, Behavioral Neuroscience, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, 0502 economics and business, Personal Autonomy, Animals, Humans, 050211 marketing, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Psychology, Social Behavior, Autonomy, media_common
Abstract

The target article is built on an analogy between humans and ultrasocial insects. We argue that there are many important limitations to the analogy that make any possible inferences from the analogy questionable. We demonstrate the issue using an example of the difference between a loss of autonomy in humans and in social insects.

Published
2016

41. Is the Emotional Dog Blind to Its Choices?

Author

Marek A, Vranka and Štěpán, Bahník

Subjects
Adult, Male, Judgment, Young Adult, Dogs, Memory, Short-Term, Emotions, Animals, Humans, Female, Students, Choice Behavior, Intuition
Abstract

Previous choice blindness studies showed that people sometimes fail to notice when their choice is changed. Subsequently, they are willing to provide reasons for the manipulated choice which is the opposite of the one they made just seconds ago. In the present study, participants first made binary judgments about the wrongness of described behaviors and then were shown an opposite answer during a second reading of some of the descriptions. Half of the participants saw the answer during the second presentation of the description and the other half saw it only after the presentation. Based on Haidt's Social intuitionist model, we hypothesized that participants in the latter group would be less likely to reconcile their intuition with the presented answer and thus they would be more likely to reject it. However, we found no difference between the groups.

Published
2016

42. Data from investigating variation in replicability: A 'Many Labs' replication project

Author

Richard Anthony Klein, Kate A. Ratliff, Michelangelo Vianello, Reginald B. Adams, Štěpán Bahník, Michael Jason Bernstein, Konrad Bocian, Mark John Brandt, Beach Smith Brooks, Claudia Chloe Brumbaugh, Zeynep Cemalcilar, Jesse J. Chandler, Winnee Cheong, William E. Davis, Thierry Devos, Matthew Eisner, Natalia Frankowska, David Furrow, Elisa Maria Galliani, Fred Hasselman, Joshua A. Hicks, James F. Hovermale, S. Jane Hunt, Jeffrey R. Huntsinger, Hans IJzerman, Melissa-Sue John, Jennifer Alana Joy-Gaba, Heather Barry Kappes, Lacy Elise Krueger, Jaime Kurtz, Carmel Levitan, Robyn Mallett, Wendy Morris, Anthony J. Nelson, Jason A. Nier, Grant Packard, Ronaldo Pilati, Abraham M. Rutchick, Kathleen Schmidt, Jeanine Skorinko, Robert Smith, Troy G. Steiner, Justin Storbeck, Lyn van Swol, Donna Thompson, Anna Elisabeth van 't Veer, Leigh Ann Vaughn, Marek Albert Vranka, Aaron Lee Wichman, Julie A. Woodzicka, Brian A. Nosek, and Department of Social Psychology

Subjects
replication, Open science, Computer science, lcsh:BF1-990, Data_MISCELLANEOUS, Context (language use), Variation (game tree), generalizability, context, Data science, lcsh:Psychology, Replication (statistics), Contextual information, Generalizability theory
Abstract

This dataset is from the Many Labs Replication Project in which 13 effects were replicated across 36 samples and over 6,000 participants. Data from the replications are included, along with demographic variables about the participants and contextual information about the environment in which the replication was conducted. Data were collected in-lab and online through a standardized procedure administered via an online link. The dataset is stored on the Open Science Framework website. These data could be used to further investigate the results of the included 13 effects or to study replication and generalizability more broadly.Keywords: replication, generalizability, context

Published
2014

43. Registered Replication Report: Schooler and Engstler-Schooler (1990)

Author

Andre Kehn, Glenys A. Holt, Samantha Bouwmeester, M. K. Attaya, John E. Marsh, Jonathan Jong, P. Aucoin, Joshua Conrad Jackson, Nicola Mammarella, Stephen R. H. Langton, René Kopietz, Maria A. Carlson, K. Wiseman, R. Todaro, Calvin K. Lai, Narina Nunez, C. Koch, U. Körner, Maria A. Brandimonte, Daniel V. Zuj, R. Gentry, Angie R. Birt, Emma Portch, Casey Eggleston, Štěpán Bahník, Beth Fairfield, Dawn R. Weatherford, C. Romig, M. Colarusso, Elizabeth Gilbert, Eva Rubínová, Charity Brown, J. E. Pappagianopoulos, S. McCoy, Marilyn S. Petro, John E. Edlund, Jamin Halberstadt, S. Birch, A. Di Domenico, Simon Chu, G. A. Sullivan, D. L. Greenberg, Faye Collette Skelton, Victoria K. Alogna, A. Rancourt, James D. Sauer, K. Buswell, J. Shaheed, Mevagh Sanson, Curt A. Carlson, Austin Lee Nichols, Tara Zaksaite, Joanna Ulatowska, Maryanne Garry, Matthew A. Palmer, Brian H. Bornstein, Alex H. McIntyre, M. Mugayar-Baldocchi, Fiona Gabbert, Melissa F. Colloff, Aaron Drummond, Christopher A. Was, K. A. McConnaughy, Peter J. B. Hancock, Kyle J. Susa, W. B. Thompson, Gregory Franco, Jessica K. Swanner, Tim Valentine, Christian A. Meissner, Bradlee W. Gamblin, A. A. Mitchell, Kimberly S. Dellapaolera, Aleksandra Cislak, Robert B. Michael, Peter P. J. L. Verkoeijen, Gerald Echterhoff, Lauren C. Hall, C. Ng, Fábio Pitombo Leite, Melina A. Kunar, Jean-Francois Delvenne, Rolf A. Zwaan, M. Rainsford, D. Hirsch, Kimberley A. Wade, R. Musselman, Christopher R. Poirier, Liam Satchell, Marek A. Vranka, Kimberly Schweitzer, Alogna, V. K., Attaya, M. K., Aucoin, P., Bahník, Š., Birch, S., Birt, A. R., Bornstein, B. H., Bouwmeester, S., Brandimonte, M. A., Brown, C., Buswell, K., Carlson, C., Carlson, M., Chu, S., Cislak, A., Colarusso, M., Colloff, M. F., Dellapaolera, K. S., Delvenne, J. F., DI DOMENICO, Alberto, Drummond, A., Echterhoff, G., Edlund, J. E., Eggleston, C. M., Fairfield, Beth, Franco, G., Gabbert, F., Gamblin, B. W., Garry, M., Gentry, R., Gilbert, E. A., Greenberg, D. L., Halberstadt, J., Hall, L., Hancock, P. J. B., Hirsch, D., Holt, G., Jackson, J. C., Jong, J., Kehn, A., Koch, C., Kopietz, R., Körner, U., Kunar, M. A., Lai, C. K., Langton, S. R. H., Leite, F. P., Mammarella, Nicola, Marsh, J. E., Mcconnaughy, K. A., Mccoy, S., Mcintyre, A. H., Meissner, C. A., Michael, R. B., Mitchell, A. A., Mugayar Baldocchi, M., Musselman, R., Ng, C., Nichols, A. L., Nunez, N. L., Palmer, M. A., Pappagianopoulos, J. E., Petro, M. S., Poirier, C. R., Portch, E., Rainsford, M., Rancourt, A., Romig, C., Rubínová, E., Sanson, M., Satchell, L., Sauer, J. D., Schweitzer, K., Shaheed, J., Skelton, F., Sullivan, G. A., Susa, K. J., Swanner, J. K., Thompson, W. B., Todaro, R., Ulatowska, J., Valentine, T., Verkoeijen, P. P. J. L., Vranka, M., Wade, K. A., Was, C. A., Weatherford, D., Wiseman, K., Zaksaite, T., Zuj, D. V., and Zwaan, R. A.

Subjects
Adult, Male, replication, Psychology (all), Adolescent, lineup identification, recognition memory, Psycholinguistics, Task (project management), Young Adult, Face perception, Replication (statistics), Humans, Speech, Psychological testing, Control (linguistics), Facial feedback hypothesis, General Psychology, Recognition memory, eyewitne, Psychological Tests, verbal overshadowing, 16. Peace & justice, Sample Size, Mental Recall, Female, Crime, Psychology, Facial Recognition, Social psychology, Cognitive psychology
Abstract

Trying to remember something now typically improves your ability to remember it later. However, after watching a video of a simulated bank robbery, participants who verbally described the robber were 25% worse at identifying the robber in a lineup than were participants who instead listed U.S. states and capitals—this has been termed the “verbal overshadowing” effect (Schooler & Engstler-Schooler, 1990). More recent studies suggested that this effect might be substantially smaller than first reported. Given uncertainty about the effect size, the influence of this finding in the memory literature, and its practical importance for police procedures, we conducted two collections of preregistered direct replications (RRR1 and RRR2) that differed only in the order of the description task and a filler task. In RRR1, when the description task immediately followed the robbery, participants who provided a description were 4% less likely to select the robber than were those in the control condition. In RRR2, when the description was delayed by 20 min, they were 16% less likely to select the robber. These findings reveal a robust verbal overshadowing effect that is strongly influenced by the relative timing of the tasks. The discussion considers further implications of these replications for our understanding of verbal overshadowing.

Published
2014

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