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O presente relatório tem como objetivo apresentar e analisar as tarefas desenvolvidas durante o Estágio Curricular realizado na empresa Central Lobão, como requisito obrigatório para a obtenção do grau de mestre em Línguas e Relações Empresariais. Numa primeira parte é realizada uma apresentação da empresa, tanto a nível interno como externo. De seguida, são descritas todas as atividades desenvolvidas ao longo do estágio, suportadas por imagens demonstrativas do trabalho desempenhado. Numa última parte é apresentada uma componente de investigação que engloba o processo de internacionalização da entidade em que foi realizado o relatório de estágio, com especial foco no mercado Espanhol. As considerações finais representam um sumário dos conhecimentos e aprendizagens adquiridos com a realização do estágio. This report aims to present and analyze the tasks developed during the Curricular Internship carried out at Central Lobão, as a requirement for obtaining the Master's degree in Languages and Business Relations. The first part provides a presentation of the company, both internally and externally. After that, the activities carried out during the internship are described and supported by images showing the work carried out. The final part includes a research component which outlines the internationalization process of the company where the internship was performed, with a special focus on the Spanish market. The report ends with a critical analysis of and reflection upon the knowledge and competences developed and acquired during the internship. Mestrado em Línguas e Relações Empresariais

The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2022.981207/full#supplementary-material, Enteric colibacillosis is a common disease in nursing and weanling pigs. It is caused by the colonization of the small intestine by enterotoxigenic strains of Escherichia coli (ETEC) that make use of specific fimbria or pili to adhere to the absorptive epithelial cells of the jejunum and ileum. Once attached, and when both the immunological systems and the gut microbiota are poorly developed, ETEC produce one or more enterotoxins that can have local and, further on, systemic effects. These enterotoxins cause fluid and electrolytes to be secreted into the intestinal lumen of animals, which results in diarrhea, dehydration, and acidosis. From the diversity of control strategies, antibiotics and zinc oxide are the ones that have contributed more significantly to mitigating post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) economic losses. However, concerns about antibiotic resistance determined the restriction on the use of critically important antimicrobials in food-producing animals and the prohibition of their use as growth promoters. As such, it is important now to begin the transition from these preventive/control measures to other, more sustainable, approaches. This review provides a quick synopsis of the currently approved and available therapies for PWD treatment while presenting an overview of novel antimicrobial strategies that are being explored for the control and treatment of this infection, including, prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, organic acids, bacteriophages, spray-dried plasma, antibodies, phytogenic substances, antisense oligonucleotides, and aptamers., Research in swine colibacillosis in CA Laboratory was supported by funding from the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) Strategic Project Unit PTDC/CVT-CVT/4620/2021. It was also partially funded by LA/P/0045/2020 (ALiCE), UIDB/00511/2020 and UIDP/00511/2020 (LEPABE), funded by national funds through FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC), by FCT under the scope of the strategic funding of UIDB/04469/2020 unit (CEB), and by LABBELS-Associate Laboratory in Biotechnology, Bioengineering, and Microelectromechnaical Systems, LA/P/0029/2020., info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Swine pathogenic infection caused by Escherichia coli, known as swine colibacillosis, represents an epidemiological challenge not only for animal husbandry but also for health authorities. To note, virulent E. coli strains might be transmitted, and also cause disease, in humans. In the last decades, diverse successful multidrug-resistant strains have been detected, mainly due to the growing selective pressure of antibiotic use, in which animal practices have played a relevant role. In fact, according to the different features and particular virulence factor combination, there are four different pathotypes of E. coli that can cause illness in swine: enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) that comprises edema disease E. coli (EDEC) and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), and extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC). Nevertheless, the most relevant pathotype in a colibacillosis scenario is ETEC, responsible for neonatal and postweaning diarrhea (PWD), in which some ETEC strains present enhanced fitness and pathogenicity. To explore the distribution of pathogenic ETEC in swine farms and their diversity, resistance, and virulence profiles, this review summarizes the most relevant works on these subjects over the past 10 years and discusses the importance of these bacteria as zoonotic agents.

Dissertação de Mestrado em Relações Internacionais - Estudos da Paz, Segurança e Desenvolvimento apresentada à Faculdade de Economia Em 1949, a Doutrina Truman definiu um novo paradigma na conjuntura económica internacional ao propor desenvolver economicamente os países “menos desenvolvidos”. Todos os países deveriam cooperar no seio das instituições internacionais numa rede comercial mais justa, e os países ricos deveriam disponibilizar o seu conhecimento técnico-científico para que os países pobres conseguissem impulsionar o crescimento e a produção da sua economia e atingir os mesmos níveis de bem-estar dos países ricos. A “invenção” do desenvolvimento ocidental tornou hegemónico um modelo baseado nos princípios da modernidade europeia, no conhecimento científico racional, economicista e individualista. O desenvolvimento enquanto projeto de modernização perpetua um pensamento colonial, cria linhas abissais e desacredita outros conhecimentos julgados como não-modernos, incluindo os conhecimentos populares, camponeses ou indígenas e invisibiliza outras realidades que se encontram no Sul Global. Para ultrapassar a matriz colonial é necessário descolonizar pensamentos e práticas, possível se a pedagogia for tida como um processo político de aprendizagem, des-aprendizagem e reaprendizagem onde seja possível refletir coletivamente sobre a condição colonial e agir no sentido de derrubar as opressões que origina e perpetua. Ao longo desta dissertação proponho-me a debater o paradigma do desenvolvimento e, através de uma crítica pós-desenvolvimentista, a propor a pedagogia como ferramenta metodológica útil na criação de sociedades críticas e plurais. O paradigma económico e pedagógico irá convergir no movimento do Comércio Justo, que serve de estudo de caso, por procurar criar sociedades mais justas e equitativas através do pagamento de preços justos aos pequenos produtores, eliminação dos intermediários e acessibilidade na entrada do comércio internacional, e pelo trabalho de sensibilização junto da sociedade civil pelos direitos dos trabalhadores e do ambiente. Pretende-se então responder à pergunta: como é que o Comércio Justo pode ser uma prática pedagógica, integrada nas agendas de Educação para o Desenvolvimento, que promove formas de desenvolvimento mais justas a nível social, económico e ambiental, contribuindo para uma maior equidade social? O objetivo é analisar as potencialidades deste movimento e das suas ferramentas na criação de sociedades mais justas e equitativas através do fomento de uma Educação para o Desenvolvimento e Cidadania Global que seja também crítica e procure alternativas. In 1949, the Truman Doctrine defined a new paradigm in the international economic climate by proposing to economically develop the "least developed" countries. All countries should cooperate within international institutions in a fairer trade network, and rich countries should make their scientific and technical knowledge available so that poor countries could boost the growth and production of their economy and achieve the same levels of well-being as rich countries. The "invention" of Western development has made hegemonic a model based on the principles of European modernity, rational, economic and individualistic scientific knowledge. Development as a modernisation project perpetuates colonial thinking, creates abyssal lines and discredits other knowledge judged as non-modern, including popular, peasant or indigenous knowledge, and makes other realities in the Global South invisible. To overcome the colonial matrix it is necessary to decolonise thoughts and practices, which is possible if pedagogy is seen as a political process of learning, unlearning and re-learning where it is possible to reflect collectively on the colonial condition and act to overthrow the oppressions it originates and perpetuates. Throughout this dissertation I propose to debate the development paradigm and, through a post-developmentalist critique, to propose pedagogy as a useful methodological tool in the creation of critical and plural societies. The economic and pedagogical paradigm will converge in the Fair Trade movement, which serves as a case study, by seeking to create more just and equitable societies through the payment of fair prices to small producers, the elimination of intermediaries and accessibility at the entrance to international trade, and by working to raise awareness in civil society of workers' rights and the environment. The aim is then to answer the question: how can Fair Trade be a pedagogical practice, integrated into Development Education agendas, that promotes more socially, economically and environmentally just forms of development, contributing to greater social equity? The aim is to analyse the potential of this movement and its tools for creating more just and equitable societies by promoting a Development Education and Global Citizenship that is also critical and seeks alternatives.

Recognition of facial lentigo maligna (LM) is often difficult, particularly at early stages. Algorithms and multivariate diagnostic models have recently been elaborated on the attempt to improve the diagnostic accuracy. We conducted a cross-sectional and retrospective study to evaluate dermatoscopic criteria aiding in diagnosis of flat pigmented facial lesions (FPFL). We examined 46 FPFL in 42 Caucasian patients and found that 4 of 20 dermatoscopic criteria reached the significance level required for features indicating malignancy namely, hyperpigmented follicular openings, obliterated follicular opening, annular-granular structures, and pigment rhomboids. Concomitant presence of at least 2 or 3 of the 4 mentioned criteria was significantly more frequent in LM than in pigmented actinic keratosis (PAK). However, despite more frequently seen in LM, these features were also displayed in some of the PAK and other FPFL, so we found them not specific for LM. Although dermatoscopy enhances the diagnostic accuracy in evaluating FPFL, histopathology remains the gold standard for correct diagnosis, making evident the need for improvements in early noninvasive diagnosis of LM.

Lean Manufacturing is based on continuous improvement, aiming at optimizing the production system, eliminating waste and minimizing resources use. In this study, an in-depth analysis regarding the Lean performance evaluation methods present in the literature, as well as already implemented in the industry, is performed, focusing on the gaps of current models and needs for future ones. This paper proposes a method for Lean performance evaluation, following the robust theoretical approaches of existent assessment methods and keeping simplicity of application. The proposed method is divided into two distinct models: The Lean Assessment model and the Lean Maturity model. The Fuzzy logic is used in the models to attenuate the ambiguity and vagueness of the participants’ responses. The models’ validation was accomplished by comparing the method application in an industrial company with in loco Lean assessment.

Recognition of facial lentigo maligna (LM) is often difficult, particularly at early stages. Algorithms and multivariate diagnostic models have recently been elaborated on the attempt to improve the diagnostic accuracy. We conducted a cross-sectional and retrospective study to evaluate dermatoscopic criteria aiding in diagnosis of flat pigmented facial lesions (FPFL). We examined 46 FPFL in 42 Caucasian patients and found that 4 of 20 dermatoscopic criteria reached the significance level required for features indicating malignancy namely, hyperpigmented follicular openings, obliterated follicular opening, annular-granular structures, and pigment rhomboids. Concomitant presence of at least 2 or 3 of the 4 mentioned criteria was significantly more frequent in LM than in pigmented actinic keratosis (PAK). However, despite more frequently seen in LM, these features were also displayed in some of the PAK and other FPFL, so we found them not specific for LM. Although dermatoscopy enhances the diagnostic accuracy in evaluating FPFL, histopathology remains the gold standard for correct diagnosis, making evident the need for improvements in early noninvasive diagnosis of LM.

Introduction: Lentigo maligna (LM) is a rare form of in situ melanoma, frequently seen as a large patch in elderly patients. The aim of this study was to assess clinical and dermoscopic features of LM. Material and Methods: A retrospective study of LM patients presenting to our center between July 2007 and July 2017 was performed. Demographic data, anatomical location, laterality, diameter, Clark level, Breslow stage, “ABCD” signs and dermoscopic features were registered. Facial versus extrafacial LM were compared. Results: We found 21 LM, of which 12 had an extrafacial location and 9 a facial location. Half of the extrafacial lesions were located on an upper limb. The median age at diagnosis was 63 years (ranging from 38 to 84 years). Most LM cases were female (16/21) with phototype II (13/21). More than half of the patients (11/21) had a history of a skin neoplasm or actinic keratosis. The median diameter found was 6 mm (interquartile range = 4.5 mm), ranging from 1 to 15 mm. Five lesions were invasive (median Breslow depth of 0.2 mm), and 4 of them were extrafacial. Discussion: In this study LM was more frequently found in an extrafacial location and as a small patch with a 6-mm diameter medium. The epidemiology of LM/LM melanoma might be changing. Full body examination and dermoscopy are of the utmost importance for the diagnosis. Dermatologists should be aware and search for small lesions outside the face and neck, particularly in middle-aged female patients with photo-damaged skin.

Dissertação de mestrado em Estudos Interculturais Português/Chinês: Tradução, Formação e Comunicação Empresarial, Com o aumento do poder económico da China, o mandarim é nos dias de hoje considerada a língua do futuro. Em Portugal, com a crescente presença da China, quer a nível económico quer a nível turístico, o número de cursos de língua chinesa tem vindo a aumentar. Assim sendo, também são muitos os docentes chineses que escolhem o nosso país para vir trabalhar. Na China, com o desenvolvimento das relações com Portugal, com a importância que Macau tem na sua economia e o interesse suscitado pelas economias dos países lusófonos, os amantes da língua portuguesa têm aumentado e são também muitos os cursos que têm sido criados. Numa sala de aula multicultural, especialmente quando as culturas são muito diferentes, é possível ocorrerem conflitos e mal-entendidos. O presente trabalho foi elaborado com o propósito de averiguar até que ponto a cultura dos professores chineses e portugueses influenciam o seu método de ensino e a dinâmica da aula e até que ponto a metodologia implementada pelo professor vai ao encontro das expectativas dos alunos de uma cultura diferente. Com base na informação recolhida por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e de inquéritos feitos a alunos e professores chineses e portugueses, pretende-se expor os resultados obtidos com o objetivo de facilitar o papel dos professores no ensino da sua língua materna num país estrangeiro., With China's economic rise, mandarin chinese is nowadays considered the language of the future. In Portugal, China’s growing presence in industries such as tourism and business, triggered a significant increase of the number of Chinese language learning courses. Consequently, this also attracts native chinese teachers to come to our country to work. In China, on the other hand, the development of the Sino-Portuguese ties, combined with the major role Macau plays in China’s economy and with the interest aroused by the economies of Portuguese-speaking countries, made the interest in learning portuguese to explode, as well as the offer for portuguese language courses. Teaching in a multicultural classroom, especially when encountering a big cultural abysm, often poses a challenge because conflicts and misunderstandings are easier to occur. The present work was elaborated with the purpose of ascertaining the extent to which the culture of the portuguese and the chinese teachers influence not only their teaching method but also the dynamics of the class, and to what extent the method implemented by the teacher meets the expectations of the student whose cultural background differs. The results hereby exposed are based on the information gathered through bibliographical research and surveys of Chinese and Portuguese students and teachers, with the intention to ease the role of those who teach their mother tongue in a foreign country., 随着中国经济􂸭力的增强，如今汉语被认􂃉是未来的语言。在葡萄牙，由 于中国在经济和旅游方面的􆑜要􃊶越来越大，汉语课程的􃟿量持续增加。因􃷳， 许多中国教师􂃮选择到葡萄牙来工作。 在中国，随着中国􂂝葡萄牙􂐂系的发展，澳门对于中国经济的􆑜要􃊶，以 及中国对葡语国家经济的􂐃趣，葡萄牙语爱好者以及葡萄牙语课程􂃮持续增加。 在一个多文􂖥的课堂􆑛，尤其当文􂖥􂷧在巨大差异时，可能会发生􂑁突和 误解。本论文的目的在于探究中国和葡萄牙教师的文􂖥是否会影响其教学方法和 教学􂔷态以及教学方法是否能够达到源于􂂜􂚛文􂖥背景的学生的期望。本论文基 于对中国以及葡萄牙学生和教师调查所收集的信息以及通过书目研究收集的信息， 旨在促进教师在非母语国家中外语教学中所发挥的作用。

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2017-06-28T13:20:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 KÉLIA MARGARIDA BARROS FREIRE.pdf: 2376286 bytes, checksum: 59c7ba5d89ca07d45590e5f866950733 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-28T13:20:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 KÉLIA MARGARIDA BARROS FREIRE.pdf: 2376286 bytes, checksum: 59c7ba5d89ca07d45590e5f866950733 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-15 After the opening of diverse branches of Genetics Science, and the decoding of human and animal (bovine) genome, our production animals are being evaluated by molecular markers, which read the genome and translate it in four letters: AT-CG. The variations are analyzed as monomorphic and polymorphic regions. The aim of this research was to evaluate the “polymorphisms of the gene DGAT1 and its relation to the external sciatic bi opening and the scrotal circumference”. 109 animals have been analyzed, n= 73 Nelores bovines and n= 36 with no determined breed (NDB), with the age adjusted to 550 days, owned by breeders from the state of Goiás. In the morphometric data analysis through the test T of Student, comparing the groups Nelores PO and Bovine NDB, The analysis of morphometric data through the test T of Student comparing the groups Nelore PO and Bovine NDB does not indicate that the identified differences are substantially important to the variables ABi and CE (p ≤ 0,0001). In the genomic analysis, the test Chi-square was not relevant (p ≥ 0,05), revealing, this, that the groups of Nelore PO and of animals of NDB do not differ when it comes to the obtained genotypic and allelic frequencies. In this situation, we have observed so far variations in the allelic and genotypic frequencies for the sampled animals and the three SNP used in the study: rs471462296, rs456245081 and rs438495570. The genotype of the sampled bovines did not affect the evaluated characteristics, revealing there are, this, other genetic and non-genetic effects which affect the characteristics studied in Nelore, which deserve to be investigated. Com o desenvolvimento dos vários ramos da Ciência Genética e a decodificação do genoma humano e animal (bovinos), nossos animais de produção estão sendo avaliados por marcadores moleculares, que fazem a leitura do genoma e o traduz em quatro letras: AT-CG. As variações são analisadas como regiões monomórficas e polimórficas. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar os “Polimorfismos do Gene DGAT1 e sua relação com a abertura bi isquiática externa (ABI) e o circunferência escrotal (CE)”. Foram analisados 109 bovinos, sendo73 bovinos daraça Nelore (PO) e36 bovinos sem raça definida (SRD), com idade ajustada para 550 dias, pertencentes a diferentes criadores do Estado de Goiás. A análise dos dados morfométricos pelo teste T de Student, comparando os grupos Nelore PO e bovinos SRD, não indica que as diferenças encontradas são substantivamente importantes para as variáveis ABI e CE (p ≤ 0,0001).Na análise genômica, o teste do Qui-quadrado não foi significativo (p ≥ 0,05), revelando, portanto, que os grupos de Nelore PO e de animais SRD não diferem quanto às frequências genotípicas e alélicas encontradas. Nessa situação, não foram observados até o momento variações na frequência alélica e genotípica para os animais amostrados e para os três SNPs usados no estudo: rs471462296, rs456245081 e rs438495570. O genótipo dos bovinos amostrados não apresentou influência sobre as características avaliadas, existindo, portanto, outros efeitos genéticos e não genéticos que afetam as características estudadas em Nelore, as quais merecem ser investigadas.

Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma (NXG) is a rare form of inflammatory granulomatous disease of the skin characterized by the presence of pruritic to painful lesions, generally located in the periorbital area, although trunk and proximal extremities may also be involved. We report a case of a 69-year-old male patient with extensive involvement of the trunk, upper and lower extremities, and an associated gamma monoclonal gammopathy. The skin biopsy was consistent with the diagnosis of NXG. Necrobiosis lipoidica and granuloma annulare were the major differential diagnosis in this case. We highlight the importance of searching for clinical and histological features that may differentiate these entities, which is crucial to select an adequate therapeutic and surveillance strategy.

Objectives To characterize the variations of serum osteoprotegerin (OPG) and RANK ligand (RANKL) with sexual development in adolescent girls, and to estimate their associations with bone turnover and bone mineral density (BMD). Design and methods We studied 300 girls evaluated at 13 and 17 years of age. Fasting blood samples were collected and the following substances were quantified: RANKL, OPG, C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), and procollagen type I N propeptide (PINP). BMD was measured at the distal forearm. Correlation coefficients were used to quantify associations between those variables at 13 and 17 years of age. Random-effects linear models were used to quantify associations between bone parameters and sexual development (years from menarche). Results RANKL was positively correlated with bone resorption (CTX) in early and late adolescence (r 13 = 0.15 and r 17 = 0.23) and the OPG/RANKL ratio correlated inversely with CTX at 17 (r 17 = − 0.24). No significant associations were found between RANKL and OPG and bone formation (PINP). In early adolescence, there was an inverse correlation of BMD with CTX (r 13 = − 0.52) but no significant correlations were found between osteoclast regulators and BMD. We observed a linear decrease in serum RANKL with increasing sexual development (− 0.09 pmol/L per year, 95% CI: − 0.10, − 0.07) alongside an increase in OPG (0.02 pmol/L, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.04). Conclusions Serum RANKL and OPG levels varied markedly with sexual development in adolescence. These cytokines were not predictive of bone turnover or BMD at 13, but serum RANKL bioactivity was associated with bone resorption in late adolescence.

Repairing surgical defects of the nasal tip is challenging, mainly because of the lack of freely mobile skin available peripherally. The Peng flap is a one-stage cutaneous flap that circumvents this difficulty by recruiting skin from the nasal dorsum and sidewall regions. The design produces a tridimensional shape perfectly adapted to the configuration of the nasal tip and allows for an inconspicuous closure of the defect. We present three examples of full-thickness skin defects involving the nasal tip, reconstructed using a modified version of the Peng flap, and present the experience at our department with this surgical technique.

A 56-year-old white woman developed a distinctive skin eruption over her mammary, lumbosacral, and pubic areas 2 weeks after the start of esomeprazole therapy for dyspeptic symptoms. Skin biopsy disclosed a spongiotic dermatitis with predominantly lymphocytic dermal infiltrate. Treatment with a tapering dose of corticosteroid and withdrawal of the suspected drug led to a rapid resolution of the eruption without residual dyschromia. Patch testing with esomeprazole 2% in petrolatum was negative at 48 and 72 hours but became positive on day 6. Oral-controlled provocation test induced the reappearance of the lesions over the mammary areas, confirming the putative involvement of this drug. Therefore, the patient was diagnosed as having a nonpigmented fixed drug eruption associated with esomeprazole. This compound is a proton-pump inhibitor developed as the S-isomer of omeprazole to improve its pharmacokinetic properties. Reports of cutaneous reactions to proton-pump inhibitors are quite common, but reports of such reactions to esomeprazole are rare, which demonstrates the need for higher clinical awareness and knowledge of reactions to these drugs.

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2016 Submitted by Biblioteca da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa (repositorio@medicina.ulisboa.pt) on 2017-01-17T16:15:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaBSeixas.pdf: 712260 bytes, checksum: 32ccc4837abe2236ac9119beb11c7168 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-17T17:04:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaBSeixas.pdf: 712260 bytes, checksum: 32ccc4837abe2236ac9119beb11c7168 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016

Repairing surgical defects of the nasal tip is challenging, mainly because of the lack of freely mobile skin available peripherally. The Peng flap is a one-stage cutaneous flap that circumvents this difficulty by recruiting skin from the nasal dorsum and sidewall regions. The design produces a tridimensional shape perfectly adapted to the conFiguretion of the nasal tip and allows for an inconspicuous closure of the defect. Herein, we describe a modified version of a Peng flap in a single-stage procedure, performed in three patients subjected to excison of basal cell carcinomas

Retronychia represents proximal ingrowth of the nail that occurs when the nail embeds backwards into the proximal nail fold. It is suspected when there is a persistent paronychia, particularly in the setting of trauma. Important clinical criteria for diagnosis are inflammation of the proximal nail fold, granulation tissue emerging from under the nail fold, thickening of the proximal portion of the nail plate and interruption of nail growth. The condition is rarely diagnosed and often misinterpreted, and is therefore unnecessarily treated with systemic antibiotics and antifungals. Avulsion of the nail confirms the diagnosis and it is the curative treatment. Conservative treatment with an adhesive technique is a valid option in early cases. We report 20 cases of retronychia diagnosed in our department between 2010 and 2013.

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2015 Submitted by Biblioteca da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa (repositorio@medicina.ulisboa.pt) on 2017-01-10T15:28:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MargaridaBHenriques.pdf: 541453 bytes, checksum: 75f988e0914b68dc7679b130595c0700 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-10T16:55:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MargaridaBHenriques.pdf: 541453 bytes, checksum: 75f988e0914b68dc7679b130595c0700 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015

Mestrado em Microbiologia O ambiente hospitalar é caracterizado por uma grande diversidade de diferentes espécies bacterianas, as quais podem tornar-se resistentes a antibacterianos. Apesar da natureza específica de efluentes hospitalares, estes são considerados com a mesma carga poluente e como constituintes das águas residuais urbanas, sendo descarregados para redes de esgotos urbana, recolhidos e cotratados com os efluentes municipais na ETAR. O objetivo do estudo consistiu em avaliar a estrutura das comunidades microbianas e determinar a ocorrência e abundância de genes relacionados com resistência a antibióticos (blaCTX-M, blaVIM, blaTEM, blaSHV e intl1) de efluentes hospitalares (internamento e laboratório de microbiologia) e efluentes urbanos (pré e pós-tratamento na ETAR de Cacia). Procedeu-se com a análise por DGGE e por PCR quantitativa. As amostras foram colhidas em duas estações diferentes, revelando as diferenças na estrutura da comunidade bacteriana. As comunidades dos efluentes das hospitalizações e dos efluentes de pré e pós-tratamento ficaram agrupadas no mesmo cluster, enquanto as comunidades predominantes nos efluentes do laboratório de microbiologia localizaram-se num outro cluster. Os cinco genes selecionados estavam presentes em todos os efluentes. Os efluentes hospitalares tiveram a maior abundância total dos genes do que os efluentes urbanos. De todos os genes, blaVIM teve uma abundância notável devido a sua alta abundância de águas residuais nas hospitalizações e enfermarias, seguido por Intl1. blaCTX-M, blaTEM e blaSHV demonstraram abundancias mais baixas. No que diz respeito ao tratamento biológico aplicado na ETAR de Cacia, uma vez que a abundância de genes foi menor após o tratamento, é previsível que o tratamento possa ser moderadamente eficaz. Os nossos resultados mostram que os ambientes hospitalares tendem a ser um ambiente complexos devido à elevada diversidade microbiana, às pressões seletivas criadas pelo uso de antimicrobianos e pelos eventos de transferência lateral de genes. A rede de esgotos urbanos e da ETAR de Cacia representam reservatórios de resíduos de antibióticos, determinantes de resistência a antibióticos e bactérias resistentes a antibióticos. Hospital environment is characterized by multiplicity of different bacterial species, which some of them can become resistant to antibacterial. Despite the specific nature of hospital effluents, they are considered to be the same pollutant and constituent load as urban wastewaters, being discharged to public sewage networks, collected and co-treated with the urban effluents in the WWTPs. The aim of the study was to evaluate structure of microbial communities and to determinate the occurrence and abundance of genes associated with antibiotic resistance (blaCTX-M, blaVIM, blaTEM, blaSHV and intl1) of Hospital wastewaters (hospital wards and microbiology laboratory) and urban effluents (pre- and post-treatment of WWTP of Cacia). DGGE and qPCR were performed. The samples were collected in two different seasons, revealing differences in bacterial structure community. Hospitalizations and pre-and post-treatment communities were grouped in the some cluster, while microbiology laboratory communities were located in other cluster. The five genes selected were present in all effluents. The hospital wastewaters had the highest total abundance of the genes than the urban effluents. Of all genes blaVIM had a notable abundance due its high abundance in hospitalizations wastewater, followed by intl1. blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaSHV had the lowest abundances. Regarding with the biological treatment applied in the WWTP of Cacia, once the abundance of the genes was lower after the treatment, it is predictable that the treatment can be moderately effective. Our results show that hospital settings tend to be an environment complex due the high microbial diversity of commensal and nosocomial pathogenic, the selective pressures created by antimicrobial use and the events of lateral gene transfer. The urban sewage network and the WWTP of Cacia represent a receptor of antimicrobial residues and antibiotic-resistance bacteria.

Mestrado em Microbiologia Submitted by Nuno Cruz (nuno@ua.pt) on 2016-03-30T12:02:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação.pdf: 2142955 bytes, checksum: 49198ac3c5d106f92e1237f286a06086 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-30T12:02:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação.pdf: 2142955 bytes, checksum: 49198ac3c5d106f92e1237f286a06086 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015

BACKGROUND Nail unit melanoma (NUM) is a variant of acral lentiginous melanoma. The differential diagnosis is wide but an acquired brown streak in the nail of a fair-skinned adult person must be considered a potential melanoma. Dermoscopy helps clinicians to more accurately decide if a nail apparatus biopsy is necessary. OBJECTIVE Detailed evaluation of clinical and dermoscopy features and description of conservative surgery of in situ NUM. METHODS Retrospective study of in situ NUM diagnosed and treated with conservative surgical management in the authors' center from 2008 to 2013. RESULTS Six cases of NUM were identified: 2 male and 4 female patients, age range at diagnosis of 44 to 76 years. All patients underwent complete nail unit removal with at least 6-mm security margins around the anatomic boundaries of the nail. The follow-up varies from 4 to 62 months. CONCLUSION Nail unit melanomas pose a difficult diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Wide excision is sufficient, whereas phalanx amputation is unnecessary and associated with significant morbidity for patients with in situ or early invasive melanoma. Full-thickness skin grafting or second-intention healing after total nail unit excision is a simple procedure providing a good functional and cosmetic outcome.

Background: Eccrine hidrocystomas are rarely described benign cystic lesions, mainly presenting in middle-aged women in the centrofacial area and usually associated with a chronic course, seasonal variability and no proved and consistently efficacious treatments. Case Report: We report 2 patients, a 45- and a 56-year-old woman, with multiple facial eccrine hidrocystomas suggested by dermatoscopy, confirmed by histology and treated with botulinum toxin A with excellent results. Conclusion: Our report stresses the role of dermatoscopy in the diagnosis and follow-up of these lesions, as well as the impact of repeated treatments with botulinum toxin A in eccrine hidrocystomas suggesting it as a first-line treatment for multiple eccrine hidrocystomas because it is easy to use and has no risk of scars.

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Arquitectura, O trabalho que se segue é um exercício de reflexão prática sobre a forma de intervir na frente ribeirinha da vila de Ponte de Lima. Partindo de uma inquietação pessoal relacionada com as dinâmicas de usos que se estabelecem num lugar concreto, o areal de Ponte de Lima, a definição de uma hipótese de requalificação da margem surge como resposta ao evidente desvinculamento do desenho urbano em relação ao areal e com o objetivo de reaproximar as pessoas e a margem. A estratégia de intervenção parte de uma primeira aproximação que analisa o objeto sob o ponto de vista da dinâmica de relações que estabelece com os vários suportes que com ele interagem (através do seu processo natural, urbano e informal) e a partir da qual se evidenciam dois aspetos relevantes: por um lado a elevação do desenho do limite urbano em relação à margem fluvial, onde as diferenças altimétricas dificultam a ligação espacial entre ambos; por outro lado a rede viária enquanto estrutura impositiva, contribuindo fortemente para a fragmentação de um espaço já por si fragmentado e descontínuo. Partindo desta constatação, surge então uma hipótese de intervenção que trabalha os limites e as descontinuidades geradas pelos desníveis como mote para vincular a margem e promover a sua ocupação sustentável., This work is a practical reflection on forms of intervention on the riverfront in the town of Ponte de Lima. Based on personal concerns related to land-use dynamics in a specific location, the strand in Ponte de Lima, the definition of a possibility of redevelopment of the river bank arose as a response to the clear disengagement between the urban area and the strand, with the aim of reconnecting people with the river bank. The intervention strategy derives from an initial approach that analyses the object from the point of view of the relationships established with the various infrastructure that interact with it (through its natural, urban and informal process), from which two aspects proved to be significant: on the one hand, the elevation of the urban limit in relation to the river bank, the height differences inhibiting the spatial link between them; on the other hand, the road network as a restricting structure, contributing strongly to the fragmentation of a space that is in itself already fragmented and discontinuous. From the starting point of this observation, the possibility arose of intervention that would work on the limits and discontinuities generated by the differences in level, as inspiration to create a bond with the river bank and to encourage its sustainable use.

The production of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and b-fructofuranosidase (FFase) by immobilized cells of Penicillium expansum was evaluated. In an initial stage, different low-cost materials including synthetic fiber, polyurethane foam, stainless steel sponge, loofah sponge, and cork oak were tested as carrier for the fungus immobilization. Additionally, the influence of the inoculum age (1 or 3 weeks) on cells immobilization, FOS and FFase production was also verified. Synthetic fiber and polyurethane foam were the best materials for P. expansum immobilization (2.21 and 1.98 g/g carrier, respectively) and FOS production (120.3 and 104.8 g/l), and gave also high results of FFase activity (23.01 and 32.42 U/ml). Then, the production of FOS and FFase by repeated batch fermentation with P. expansum immobilized on synthetic fiber was studied, aiming to improve the batch fermentation results. The results obtained in this stage were very promising with FOS yields of 87, 72, and 44 %, in the 3 initial cycles (60 h), respectively; the FFase activity was constant throughout the process (6 cycles, 96 h). Repeated batch fermentation with immobilized cells of P. expansum was found as being a technology with great potential for FOS and FFase production on industrial scale, The financial support from FCT, the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (research grant SFRH/BPD/38212/2007) is gratefully acknowledged.

Mid-dermal elastolysis (MDE) is a rare skin disorder clinically characterized by the appearance of diffuse fine wrinkling, most often of the trunk and arms. This entity is distinguished from other elastolytic disorders by its characteristic selective loss of elastic fibers of the mid dermis. The aetiopathogenesis of the disease is still unclear as well as the effective treatment. Half of the cases described in the literature are associated with ultraviolet radiation exposure. Other reported triggering conditions such as urticaria, eczema and granuloma annulare suggests different eliciting inflammatory pathways. The authors describe the case of a 38-year-old woman who developed an urticarial eruption during months which progressed to generalized and severe fine wrinkling.

Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) production by Penicillium expansum was evaluated. In a first stage, the best conditions for P. expansum growth and sporulation were established with potato/dextrose/ agar being the most suitable medium at between 22 and 25°C, giving good growth and good sporulation. The inocula from this medium were used for FOS production using shake-flask cultures, and yielded 0.58 g FOS/g sucrose (3.25 g FOS/l.h), demonstrating the potential of this strain for sucrose conversion to FOS., Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) - SFRH/BPD/38212/2007

Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Psicologia, especialização em Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde Este estudo exploratório pretende identificar e analisar a relação entre duas variáveis fundamentais, a Satisfação com o Suporte Social e a Depressão em idosos institucionalizados. Langford e seus colaboradores (1997, citado por Rodrigues & Madeira, 2009) concluíram que à medida que o nível do suporte social do cônjuge e da família aumenta, a prevalência dos transtornos de humor diminuem. Neste sentido, foi aplicado o Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) a uma amostra inicial de 30 idosos institucionalizados, que culminou numa amostra definitiva, composta por 20 idosos sem défice cognitivo (verificado através do ponto de corte do MMSE), sem deficiência visual e/ou auditiva a qual foi constituída por 14(70%) idosos do género feminino e 6(30%) do género masculino, com idades variando entre os 65 e os 89 anos de idade (M = 79,3; D.P. = 6,05). Esta amostra foi recolhida no Lar D. Joaquina Leite Lage da Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Fafe, entre Fevereiro e Junho de 2009. Foram aplicados um Questionário Sócio-Demográfico, a Escala de Satisfação com o Suporte Social (ESSS) e a Escala de Depressão Geriátrica (EDG) para testar uma hipótese geral quanto à relação entre a Satisfação com o Suporte Social e a Depressão, e duas hipóteses específicas quanto às relações entre as variáveis Sócio-Demográficas, por um lado, e as duas variáveis principais, por outro. Os principais resultados obtidos para a H1 evidenciaram a existência de uma relação parcialmente inversa entre as variáveis Satisfação com o Suporte Social e a Depressão em idosos institucionalizados (p < 0,05), sendo o Factor 2 (Intimidade) da variável Satisfação com o Suporte Social determinante entre estas variáveis. Quanto às hipóteses específicas, esta verificaram-se parcialmente, isto é, para a H1.1, o Factor 3 (Satisfação com a Família) para a variável Género e os Factores 2 (Intimidade) e 3 (Satisfação com a Família) para a variável Comprometimento Conjugal têm um papel relevante na Satisfação com o Suporte Social; e para a H1.2, a variável Comprometimento Conjugal tem um papel relevante na Depressão. Considerando o papel importante que a satisfação com o suporte social tem para evitar o desenvolvimento de episódios depressivos, assim como na recuperação de uma situação depressiva, parece essencial uma intervenção psicossocial adequada ao idoso institucionalizado, fomentando as relações familiares, de intimidade e de comprometimento conjugal de modo a evitar o agravamento da situação própria da depressão geriátrica que no limite pode levar ao suicídio do idoso. This explanatory study intends to identify and analyse the relation between two essential variables, Social Support Satisfaction and Depression in institutionalized elders. Langford and his collaborators (1997, quoted by Rodrigues & Madeira, 2009) concluded that as the level of the spouse and family’s social support increases, the prevalence of mood swings decreases. Considering this, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was applied to a starting sample of 30 institutionalized elderly, which ended up in a definite sample of 20 elderly with no cognitive deficit (verified using the cutting point of the MMSE), with no visual and/or hearing deficiency which consisted of 14(70%) female elders and 6(30%) of male elders, between 65 and 89 years old (M = 79,3; D.P. = 6,05). This sample was taken at the D. Joaquina Leite Lage Nursing Home of the Santa Casa da Misericórdia in Fafe between February and June 2009. We used a Social-Demographic Questionnaire, the Satisfaction Scale with Social Support (ESSS) and the Geriatric Depression Scale (EDG) to test a general hypothesis as to the relation between Satisfaction with Social Support and Depression, and two specific hypotheses as to the relations between the Social-Demographic variables and as to the main variables. The main results obtained for H1 highlighted the existence of a partially reversed relation between the variables Satisfaction with Social Support and Depression in institutionalized elders (p < 0,05), showing that Factor 2 (Intimacy) of the variable Satisfaction with Social Support as determinant in these two variables. As to the specific hypotheses, they were partially present, meaning that, for H1.1, Factor 3 (Satisfaction with Family) to the Social-Demographic variable Gender and Factors 2 (Intimacy) and 3 (Satisfaction with Family) to the Social-Demographic variable Commitment to Spouse have a significant role in Depression. Considering the important role that social support plays in avoiding the development of depressive episodes, as well as in the recovery of a depressive state, it seems essential to have an adequate psycho-social intervention for the institutionalized elderly, developing family relationships, intimacy and commitment to spouses as to prevent the escalation of a situation of geriatric depression which can, in an extreme, lead to the elder’s suicide.

Background: Nail unit melanoma (NUM) is a rare variant of acral lentiginous melanoma. The differential diagnosis is wide but an acquired brown streak in the nail of a fair-skinned person must be considered a potential melanoma. Dermatoscopy helps clinicians to more accurately decide if a nail apparatus biopsy is necessary. Methods: We report the case of a 61-year-old Caucasian woman with melanonychia occupying the central portion of the right thumbnail plate with 1 year of evolution. Dermatoscopy showed a brown pigmentation overlaid by longitudinal irregular lines. An excisional biopsy was performed, and pathological examination revealed melanoma in situ. For safety reasons, the nail unit was totally removed down to the phalangeal bone 3 weeks later, and a full-thickness skin graft taken from the arm was used for reconstruction. Conclusion: NUMs pose a difficult treatment challenge. Wide excision with phalanx amputation is not satisfactory for patients with in situ and early invasive melanoma. Full-thickness skin grafting after total nail unit excision is a simple procedure providing a good functional and cosmetic outcome.