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Leonardo’s maps are to be analysed not only in relation to all his works, but also in the context of the cartography between the second half of the 15th century and the early 16th century and the techniques of so-called vedutismo pittorico. The aim of the contribution is to highlight – through a series of case studies – the potential of Leonardo's maps as sources for the reconstruction of the historical landscape. The research, starting from some of the maps produced by Leonardo, focused on two of the strands that appeared to be most significant: how to georeference Leonardo’s maps in a GIS environment; topographical analysis aimed at recognising main population centres and road network.

In the medieval period the Casentino was an important center for iron working and for the production of charcoal necessary for this activity. Between XIII and XIV centuries the Guidi family owned various ironworks in the localities of Cetica and Raggiolo. In this area companies of charcoal burners were active and used local forest resources for the production of charcoal. In this study we mapped the old charcoal kiln sites over an area of 1841 hectares located west of the center of Raggiolo. The charcoal kiln sites were mapped by photointerpretation of LiDAR-derived images. The results are discussed on the basis of the historical events that occurred in the study area between the end of the XIII and the first decades of the XIV century.

This paper intends to summarize the principal reached objectives of an ongoing project on smart cities governance called GHOST financed by MIUR (Italian Ministry of Education, Universities and Research), in order to provide an overview on how the smart governance analysis applied to smart urbanism has evolved in two particular case studies in Italy (Cagliari and Florence). Firstly, authors analyze the concept of ‘Smart City Governance’ (SCG), it is associated with a set of commonly accepted terminologies and not yet standardized even if nowadays academic attention to smart cities and their governance is growing rapidly. Secondly, this paper analyses the major aspects of smart city governance applied to case studies from: (i) the governance data acquisition approach with particular reference to tourism sector, and (ii) the adaptations of urban strategies (in general) and of these data acquisition in Florence and in Cagliari (in particular), due to the Km4city city dashboard, created and developed by the DISIT lab. The paper concludes by evaluating the emerged results of the case studies analysis, in order to find the necessary balance for urban synergies, and, consequently, to better move towards a smart urbanism.

This volume was created for the two-year program "Programma biennale delle celebrazioni vespucciane (1512-2012)", funded by the Cassa di Risparmio di Firenze. It is an easy-to-read tool for citizens and students: at the centre of the discussion, with Ilaria Luzzana Caraci, there are the life and works of the Italian navigator Amerigo Vespucci. The emphasis is also put on the economic and scientific contents relating to Florence between the 15th and 16th centuries, when the Tuscan city was among the most important in Europe in terms of financial, commercial and artistic-cultural weight, thanks to the intertwining between the humanistic geographical and cartographic culture and the resourceful world of merchants (as Giuliano Pinto shows), together with the journeys to the fabulous and rich destination of 'elsewhere' (namely the East and West Indies) discussed by Francesco Surdich, Francesco Guidi Bruscoli and Angela Orlandi. Claudia Borgioli, Leonardo Rombai and Annalisa D'Ascenzo discuss the globes from Florence which guided the navigations, together with the figures which would later be inspired by Vespucci and Verrazzano.Il volume, realizzato per il "Programma biennale delle celebrazioni vespucciane (1512-2012)", su finanziamento dell'Ente Cassa di Risparmio di Firenze, e uno strumento di facile lettura per cittadini e studenti: al centro della trattazione, con Ilaria Luzzana Caraci, stanno la vita e le opere del navigatore Amerigo Vespucci. Vengono altresi messi a fuoco i contenuti economici e scientifici riferibili alla Firenze tra Quattro e Cinquecento – quando era tra le piu importanti citta d'Europa per peso finanziario, commerciale ed artistico-culturale – con la cultura geografico-cartografica di matrice umanistica che s'intreccia con l'intraprendente mondo dei mercanti (come dimostra Giuliano Pinto), insieme con i viaggi verso la favolosa e ricca meta di 'altrove' – le Indie orientali e occidentali – trattati da Francesco Surdich, Francesco Guidi Bruscoli ed Angela Orlandi. Claudia Borgioli, Leonardo Rombai e Annalisa D'Ascenzo considerano i mappamondi fiorentini che guidarono le navigazioni, insieme con le figure ispirate poi da Vespucci e Verrazzano.

A l’occasion de la mise en fiche des produits traditionnels toscans par l’agence regionale du developpement et de l’innovation dans le secteur agricole et forestier (ARSIA), le groupe de « la memoire historique du territoire rural » de l‘universite de Florence a elabore une recherche sur les liens entre les produits et le territoire d’origine. Les lignes principales sont : les produits agroalimentaires traditionnels comme expression des liens entre economie et culture, la memoire historique du territoire composante de la cultEure locale et base du processus du developpement soutenable. Nous etudions ici l’exemple de l’orange de Massa (province de Massa Carrara).

Il CD-ROM raccoglie i contributi del quarto incontro fiorentino Beni ambientali e culturali e Geographical Information Systems (giugno 2003) che, come quelli degli anni passati, hanno come oggetto applicazioni basate su GIS e relative a beni archeologici, culturali, ambientali. Il Workshop di questo anno è intitolato "GIS, dalla cartografia del passato al telerilevamento".

In the conviction that cultural itineraries must assume a growing importance in a tourism based on the criteria of sustainability, three examples of the promotion of local culture have been elaborated. This is in fact an important component of sustainable development, of which one of the fundamental aspects is the historic memory of the territory. The growth of the tourist and free-time market provides an effective stimulus for the development of proposals aimed at prospecting new itineraries and alleviating the more consolidated tourist flows, inserting a vast heritage of landscape and cultural resources within significant territorial fabrics. This is true also from the point of view of growing synergies between economy and culture. The three proposed itineraries unwind through areas of great interest in terms of historical traditions and specific territorial resources which deserve to be promoted on a cultural level, especially in view of the fact that Tuscany offers an enormous wealth distributed in a capillary manner, much of which is still virtually unknown.In the conviction that cultural itineraries must assume a growing importance in a tourism based on the criteria of sustainability, three examples of the valorisation of local culture have been elaborated. This is effectively an important component of sustainable development, one of the fundamental aspects of which is the historic memory of the territory. The growth of the tourist and free time market provides an efficacious stimulus for the development of proposals aimed at prospecting new itineraries and alleviating the more consolidated tourist flows, inserting a vast heritage of landscape and cultural resources within significant territorial fabrics. This is also true from the point of view of growing synergies between economy and culture. The three proposed itineraries unwind through areas of great interest in terms of historical traditions and of specific territorial resources which deserve cultural valorisation, particularly in view of the fact that Tuscany offers an enormous wealth distributed in a capillary manner, but much of which is little known.

Three examples of enhancement of local culture have been developed in areas of great interest for their historical traditions and specific territorial values, according to the perspective that cultural itineraries must assume a growing importance in the context of a tourism based on sustainability criteria. The growth of the tourism and leisure market provides an effective stimulus to the creation of proposals aimed at prospecting new itineraries and at easing the most consolidated flows, adding a vast tradition of landscape and cultural values in significant territorial patterns. This is desirable also in the perspective of growing synergies between economy and culture.