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The purpose was to understand two teachers' experiences of implementing the teaching personal and social responsibility model over the span of one academic year due to their development and participation within a community of practice. A case study approach was utilized to gather and analyze qualitative data; three themes were developed. The teachers were marginalized by school personnel and received little recognition for their efforts. Student success was reported, but students were not ready to learn components of the model. Model implementation improved over time. Support from their community of practice allowed for reassurance, overcoming frustration, routine development, and value of the model. Without the community of practice, teachers indicated high potential for burnout of model use due to exhaustion associated with marginalization. The teaching personal and social responsibility model is well suited for a community of practice based on its call for continuous reflection and gradual empowerment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Noncore subject teachers often experience marginalization due to perceptions that their work is undervalued. Social and emotional skill-focused continuous professional development can help teachers address the stress associated with marginalization. Purpose: Grounded in the integrative model for teacher change, this study examined the ways in which elementary-level noncore subject teachers' dispositions toward change influenced their experiences with a social and emotional skills development intervention. Method: This study included two iterations of the program with a total of 21 elementary-level noncore subject teachers (e.g., physical education, art, and music) from three districts in the Midwestern United States. Data included a survey, semistructured interviews, document analysis, discussion board posts, observations, and field notes. Collaborative qualitative analysis was used to analyze multiple data sources line by line. Results: Marginalization and low perceived mattering were prevalent among participants. A positive disposition toward change enhanced the influence of the professional learning, and participants found the experience validating. Conclusions: Teachers of marginalized subjects need to feel seen and heard. A positive disposition toward change drew teachers to participate, and the camaraderie formed was a motivator for teachers who felt undervalued. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore how urban physical educators' experiences influence their motivations toward vocational persistence emphasizing health and fitness. Methods: Participants included 16 urban physical educators who participated in semistructured interviews about their experiences teaching in urban settings. For minority youths, who predominantly attend urban public schools, fitness rates are lower than the national average. Physical education has been discussed as a potential solution to combating this public health trend; however, considering Common Core reforms in public education by which health and physical education has been de-emphasized as a curricular requirement, scholars are pursuing knowledge of how the experiences of urban physical educators are evolving. Using occupational socialization as the operating theoretical framework, this study seeks to explore how 16 urban physical educators' experiences are evolving with the changes in public education, including administrative support and other indicators of marginalization and attrition. Results: Qualitative data analysis resulted in the construction of six themes which suggest that teaching students to develop and maintain a healthy lifestyle remains a powerful motivator for urban physical educators' persistence despite feelings of marginalization and burnout. Conclusions: The authors provide practical suggestions for practitioners and scholars to overcome feelings of marginalization and lack of resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To examine socialization experiences of physical educators who deliver strength and conditioning (S&C) programming, particularly the development of subjective theories, expertise, orientations, and perceived mattering. Methods: Thirty-one secondary school physical educators providing S&C instruction/supervision as part of required duties completed in-depth interviews with Occupational Socialization Theory as a guiding framework for analysis. Results: Themes developed were (a) acculturation and organizational socialization influence beliefs, (b) S&C professional development is scarce, (c) S&C in physical education is a sporting endeavor, (d) blurred lines between teaching and coaching, and (e) S&C-related programs matter. Discussion: Physical educators delivering S&C programming lack adequate preservice preparation and professional development, and experience both role conflict and decreased marginalization. Physical education teacher education programs should offer more formal S&C training for safe and effective instruction/supervision. Schools should provide S&C-related professional development to maximize student learning and safety and avoid potential legal liability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emerging risks facing humanity have highlighted the need to address and prevent challenges through multilateral preventive strategies. The Mexico-United States (US) border is a region with great biological biodiversity and both countries shared a similar history and intense socioeconomic, and cultural interrelationships. Also, it has an extraordinary ecological contrast, resulting in an enormous biological diversity in a broad Nearctic-Neotropical transition zone. This dynamic region has important disparities due to the lack of bilateral strategies to face emerging issues (e.g., infectious diseases) in an integrated and holistic approach. In this context, we describe the various socio-ecosystemic contexts of the shared border and present different diseases transmitted, and different zoonoses that affect ecosystemic public health that must be addressed under collaborative schemes that can develop preventive policies under the One Health approach with emphasis on the Mexican zone. We describe the social determinants of health issues for the border, but we add ecological contexts infrequently studied in classical epidemiological approaches. Strategies towards One Health require international and multidisciplinary approaches that strengthen diagnostic capabilities, recognizing social, and environmental challenges. Recognizing these aspects will allow the establishment of joint monitoring, prevention, and mitigation strategies with benefits for both countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coercion is still highly prevalent in contemporary psychiatry. Qualitative research indicates, however, that patients and psychiatric staff have different understandings of what they mean by ‘coercion’. Psychiatric staff primarily employ the concept as referring to instances of formal coercion regulated by law, such as involuntary hospital admission or treatment. Patients, on the other hand, use a broader concept, which also understands many instances of informal psychological pressure as coercive. We point out that the predominance of a narrow concept of coercion in psychiatry can have negative consequences for patients, and argue that this difference in how the concept ‘coercion’ is used is both grounded in epistemic oppression and reinforces such oppression. Epistemic oppression, as defined by Dotson, refers to the persistent epistemic exclusion of members of marginalized groups from participation in practices of knowledge production. We first demonstrate how patients may experience inferential inertia when communicating their experiences of coercion. We then show that the resulting predominance of a narrow concept of coercion in psychiatry can be described as a case of hermeneutical injustice in a context shaped by institutional hermeneutical ignorance. We argue for a change in institutional practices in psychiatry that allows for the adequate consideration of patients’ perspectives on coercion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A dominant monitorial reporting method means that journalism shines a spotlight on officials' activities, plans, and statements. While this reporting method has brought official wrongdoing to light, monitorial reporting has also participated in amplifying, emphasizing, and normalizing problematic official definitions that neglect structural factors contributing to persistent issues of marginalization. Using qualitative textual analysis, this study articulates a grounded alternative called a solidarity reporting method for covering marginalization. A solidarity reporting method means that journalism prioritizes marginalized people's definitions, shared conditions, and ongoing struggles—which may challenge the definitional parameters that officials attempt to set. A case study of a 2016 journalistic collaboration called the San Francisco Homeless Project demonstrates how a solidarity reporting method enriches journalism on homelessness by representing the firsthand observations and perspectives of people subjected to social injustice, and accounting for structural conditions. Solidarity reporting helps advance journalism's pursuit of truth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amidst political and educational challenges, LGBTQ+ educators in the Southern United States often conceal their identities. Through the lens of ecological systems theory, we propose that inconsistent pedagogical paradigms create a sense of liminality for these LGBTQ+ stakeholders. This study of four school personnel highlights the silencing of LGBTQ+ individuals in Southern United States schools, fear of parental backlash, and the cognitive burden of being silenced while offering suggestions for fostering an inclusive school climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Indigenous populations globally face significant health disparities compared to non-Indigenous groups, primarily due to marginalization and limited access to healthcare. In Mexico, which is home to the largest Indigenous population in the Americas, these disparities were further exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, with impacts intensified by factors such as marginalization, discrimination, and inadequate access to essential services. Methods: This study aimed to investigate the COVID-19 pandemic's impact on mortality, vaccination access and uptake, and official birth registration among a predominantly Indigenous population in San Juan Chamula, Chiapas. We conducted an online survey among high school students at the Colegio de Bachilleres del Estado de Chiapas, supplemented with epidemiological and socio-demographic data (N = 107). Results: The survey revealed that 14% of respondents reported being infected with COVID-19, while national dashboard data indicated only 212 confirmed cases and one death in Chamula between April 2021 and June 2023. Additionally, 79.4% of respondents were unvaccinated, with significant communication barriers and a lack of information in Indigenous languages contributing to low vaccination rates. Additionally, 5.6% of surveyed family members and 4.7% of community residents lacked official birth certificates, significantly impeding their ability to access essential services such as education, healthcare, and vaccinations. Conclusion: Our findings highlight significant underreporting of COVID-19 cases and deaths in Indigenous communities, likely due to inadequate diagnostic resources and medical evaluation. The study underscores the urgent need for tailored public health strategies that integrate local Indigenous languages, cultures, and knowledge systems supported by trusted Indigenous leaders. Investing in education in Indigenous languages is crucial for improving vaccination adherence and overall public health outcomes. These strategies can inform national preparedness and response plans to address the unique challenges faced by Indigenous populations during pandemics and other public health crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We sought to understand how the mental state of religious queer individuals is affected by religious marginalization and queer identity. Using a multi-method approach, we analyzed data from 626 participants to assess how a queer status affected psychological distress and life satisfaction, the mediating effect of strength of faith on the relationship between the queer status and life satisfaction, and the moderating effect of experiences with marginalization on the relationship between the strength of faith, psychological distress, and life satisfaction. Queer status was found to have a significant impact on queer individuals' psychological wellness and life satisfaction. Marginalization experiences decreased psychological wellness and life satisfaction. Our qualitative analyses add to these results, describing the weaponization of queer identity in religious settings. These results can be attributed to the strong main effects of queer status and strength of faith on psychological distress and life satisfaction rather than tertiary variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The brutal military crackdown in Myanmar's Rakhine state caused more than 1 million Rohingya refugees to flee to Bangladesh. By analyzing the tripartite relationship between nationalism, violence, and statelessness, this commentary examines how Myanmar's political exclusion of the Rohingya contributed to their stateless condition and led to an ongoing humanitarian crisis in the region. The study argues that the Rohingya are stateless because of Myanmar's state‐sanctioned ethnic discrimination premised on nationalist conceptions of the country as a uniquely Burmese and Buddhist nation‐state. The state systematically justifies the Rohingya's precarity within Myanmar society to promote an imagined national homogeneity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines Priya Hein's social novel Riambel (2023), analysing its utilization of literary devices, intertextuality, and feminist perspectives to challenge postcolonial power structures and amplify marginalized voices, particularly those of Afro-Mauritian women. Through an exploration of Hein's dismantling of her narrative conventions and authorial insights, this study underlines Hein's broader agenda of promoting solidarity and collective agency among the female characters. Ultimately, this article comments on Riambel as a narrative that unveils the deep-seated social injustices embedded within Mauritius's postcolonial systems and infrastructures, inviting critical engagement with historical legacies, and fostering space for diverse voices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the Psychology of Working Theory, this study examined the influence of contextual factors and psychosocial resources on school‐to‐work transition. Data were collected from 781 senior university students in Türkiye, and the relationships between economic constraints, marginalization, general self‐efficacy, career adaptability, perceived future employability, and future decent work were examined. According to the results, economic constraints and marginalization negatively predicted perceived future employability and future decent work. Marginalization significantly predicted general self‐efficacy and career adaptability, whereas economic constraints were not associated with two psychosocial resources. General self‐efficacy significantly predicted career adaptability, while it was not related to perceived future employability and future decent work. Career adaptability significantly predicted perceived future employability but not future decent work. Lastly, perceived future employability significantly predicted future decent work. The findings revealed the significant influence of contextual factors on the school‐to‐work transition. Implications and suggestions for future research directions were also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While a growing body of work suggests that women representatives are less likely to be involved in corruption scandals, we know less about if changes in representation patterns also have implications for citizens' first-hand experiences with corruption in public service delivery. This study suggests that women elected representatives reduce street level bribery, in particular when the share of women increases in contexts where relatively few women are elected or when the absolute increase in women's representation is relatively large. Using newly collected data on the share of women in 128 regional level parliaments in 10 European countries and four rounds of the European Quality of Government Index (EQI) survey (2010–2021), our two-way fixed effects models show that on average, the proportion of women in regional parliaments is strongly associated with citizens' self-reported experiences of bribery across all countries and years. Furthermore, our difference-in-difference design shows that the level of bribery in public service provision dropped more sharply in regions that experienced a greater absolute or greater marginal increase in women's representation. Our results may be understood in light of women candidates placing priority on well-functioning and low corrupt public service provision and the important signals of inclusiveness, non-discrimination and decreased tolerance towards corruption that women's representation conveys to civil servants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose of Review: Autistic individuals experience disproportionate stigma across the life course in interpersonal, healthcare, and educational contexts. These experiences contribute to negative health and healthcare outcomes for this population. This paper seeks to describe autistic individuals' experiences of stigma and marginalization; discuss frameworks such as Campinha-Bacote's innovative concept of cultural competemility and its relevance to autistic populations; offer recommendations to healthcare providers based on this framework; and apply theory to practice in a case study. Recent Findings: Autistic individuals increasingly understand autism as an important aspect of their identity. There are, however, few culturally informed healthcare efforts that reflect this understanding. As a result, efforts to address stigma-related health disparities for this population have limited effectiveness. Summary: In this manuscript, we highlight opportunities within clinical encounters, medical training, healthcare offices and systems, and research to provide higher quality culturally informed care to autistic populations and address stigma-related health disparities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RESUMEN: El cometido de este artículo es examinar cómo dos inmigrantes africanos, Víctor Omgbá y Cheikh Fayé, representan la frontera en sus libros respectivos, Calella sen saída (2001) y Ser Modou Modou (2017). Si la frontera lingüística se supera fácilmente al producir libros en gallego, las relaciones interpersonales relegan al inmigrante al espacio de los márgenes, provocando cierta deshumanización para justificar esta discriminación. Resulta que la segregación de que es víctima el inmigrante suscita el deseo de reafirmar su humanidad, desplegando así una poética que deja ver la huella de la yuxtaposición de los mundos recorridos y de las culturas encontradas en su camino. El resultado observado en las obras es entonces una proyección metafórica de la hibridación cultural. This article examines how African immigrants Víctor Omgbá and Cheikh Fayé represent borders in their books Calella sen saída (2001) and Ser Modou Modou (2017), respectively. Although books written in Galician can break down linguistic barriers, immigrants still face marginalization due to discriminatory interpersonal relationships leading to their dehumanization. It is known that segregating immigrants can cause them to feel the need to reassert their humanity, which can in turn foster a creative expression reflecting the fusion of the various cultures encountered by the immigrants throughout their journeys. This outcome, as observed in these two works, is thus a figurative representation of cultural hybridization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of microbiome data has been widely used to investigate associations between the abundance of microbial taxa and human diseases. Identifying and understanding these relationships precisely gives the microbiome a key role in human health, disease status, and the development of new diagnostics and targeted therapeutics. Due to its unique features such as compositional data, excessive zero counts, overdispersion, and complexed structure between taxa, undertaking effective microbiome data analytics presents numerous obstacles. To quantify covariate-taxa effects on the subgingival microbiome study, we proposed a refined Bayesian zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) regression model with random subject effects. This proposed approach not only accommodates inflated zero counts and overdispersion similar to the existing ZINB model developed by Jiang et al. (Biostatistics 22(3):522–540, 2021), but also accounts for subject-level heterogeneity through the inclusion of random subject effects. In addition, an efficient Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling algorithm was developed for Bayesian computation. Overall effects of pre-selected group variables on predicted taxa abundance were estimated and tested under the proposed model. We conduct simulation studies and demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms the competing models in achieving a better power with controlling the type I error. The usefulness of the proposed model is applied to a real subgingival microbiome study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arts for Linguistic & Literary Studies is the property of Thamar University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Since 1991, Ethiopia embarked on a journey to create an ethnically egalitarian state, aiming to rectify historical injustices and protect minority rights. Ironically, what was meant to be a beacon of equality has turned into a pervasive experience of minority marginalization. This stark reality underscores the failures of the existing legal and institutional frameworks. This article, therefore, critically examine the transformative strategies to end marginalization of minorities in Ethiopia. The study employed a qualitative research approach blending both primary and secondary data sources. The findings revealed that the failures of existing constitutional promises and institutional frameworks regarding the protection of minority rights, necessitating re-imaginations of transformative strategies. The study advocates for the progression of national and local minority rights institutions, the implementation of transitional justice measures, the instigation of electoral reforms, and the decentralization of power. Furthermore, the establishment of minority autonomous governance and the augmentation of local government capacity are recommended. Additionally, the formation of national minority councils, accentuating parliamentary endorsement for legislative reforms by minority representatives and public service reform is suggested to enhance minority employment opportunities. Lastly, the study recommended equal media access to promote the political participation and freedom of expression of marginalized minority groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bayesian inference gets its name from Bayes's theorem , expressing posterior probabilities for hypotheses about a data generating process as the (normalized) product of prior probabilities and a likelihood function. But Bayesian inference uses all of probability theory, not just Bayes's theorem. Many hypotheses of scientific interest are composite hypotheses , with the strength of evidence for the hypothesis dependent on knowledge about auxiliary factors, such as the values of nuisance parameters (e.g., uncertain background rates or calibration factors). Many important capabilities of Bayesian methods arise from use of the law of total probability, which instructs analysts to compute probabilities for composite hypotheses by marginalization over auxiliary factors. This tutorial targets relative newcomers to Bayesian inference, aiming to complement tutorials that focus on Bayes's theorem and how priors modulate likelihoods. The emphasis here is on marginalization over parameter spaces—both how it is the foundation for important capabilities, and how it may motivate caution when parameter spaces are large. Topics covered include the difference between likelihood and probability, understanding the impact of priors beyond merely shifting the maximum likelihood estimate, and the role of marginalization in accounting for uncertainty in nuisance parameters, systematic error, and model misspecification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article verified the effects of psychological safety and marginalization on the search for leadership positions among lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, asexual, pansexual, and non-binary workers, among others (LGBTQIAPN+) in corporate environments. We carried out a quantitative study with 302 participants using an online questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling. We found that the presence of psychological safety and the absence of marginalization are positively associated with seeking LGBTQIAPN+ leadership positions. Psychologically safe environments, in which professionals can freely express their gender identity and/or sexual orientation, increase confidence in their ability to lead. The absence of marginalization also contributes to leadership development by removing barriers to accessing leadership opportunities, allowing them to reach their full potential, increase self-efficacy and have better working relationships. These results contribute with empirical evidence that strengthens the advancement of literature on LGBTQIAPN+ leadership, by verifying relationships that have previously been little investigated, and highlight the importance of organizational policies that protect and allow LGBTQIAPN+ workers to be heard, aiming to reduce marginalization and encourage appreciation, so that they feel safe in truly being who they are. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives Coordination of governmental action is crowded with policies and programs that are highly interdependent, sometimes operating in silos if not contradicting each other. These dilemmas, or administrative quagmires, are heightened for older adults in general, but they are particularly problematic for marginalized older adults because these groups often require public assistance and support. This scoping review studies the coordination of governmental action on aging published in social science journals, focusing on 6 groups of marginalized older adults: those with histories of immigration, individuals with severe mental health problems, those who have had experiences of homelessness, formerly incarcerated individuals, members of the LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender) community, and individuals living in a rural area. Research Design and Methods A 5-stage scoping review methodology was followed, and 53 articles (published between 2000 and 2022) from 5 social science databases were analyzed. Results The analysis revealed a limited number of contributions with coordination as a primary focus. Understandings of coordination varied but tended to examine structure, organization, and relationships between sectors. When coordination was the primary object of a study, it was often analyzed in 1 specific policy area or within a clinical setting along the lines of facilitating care coordination. Discussion and Implications This scoping review reveals a mutual neglect on the part of public administration and policy scholars toward marginalized older adults and a lack of public administration considerations on the part of scholars studying long-term care and social service programs for these marginalized older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reflexivity, which requires the conscious appraisal of how researchers' social positions and subjectivities interact with the research process, has become increasingly popular in qualitative research with participants at heightened risk of marginalization and trauma histories. Despite the documented traumas associated with marginalization, little has been written about the process of integrating a reflexive approach into research with marginalized communities. This methodological paper seeks to redress this gap by illuminating how our research team used the lens of space as a reflexive framework to attend to positionality, transformation, and power in a qualitative study with older persons with experiences of homelessness. These reflections emerged from our work conducting research in one of three sites associated with a pan-Canadian study, on housing, aging, place/space, and homelessness. More specifically, they emerged from our team's observations and de-briefings during and following data collection with 11 participants (aged 50+ years) of a long-term transitional housing site in Montreal, Canada. These reflections illuminate how integrating concepts of space may provide an avenue for attending to reflexivity when conducting research that informs policy and public service initiatives for marginalized communities, and support research processes that disrupt tendencies to overlook trauma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines how gendered workers experience invisibility in the South Korean television industry, focusing on writers who produce non-fiction programs, such as journalism shows and documentaries. Based on my in-depth interviews with 41 research participants, I reveal how the patriarchal, capitalist, and intensely hierarchical labour management in the industry has shaped an invisible writing workforce who are mostly women. Specifically, my research suggests that the exploitation of this invisible writing workforce takes two forms: the devaluation and underpayment of their labour and putting to work their marginalized subjectivities to enhance the quality of the programs in the production process. Finally, this research shows how writers recognize themselves as invisible workers and understand their invisibility as a form of discrimination and exclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children who experience maltreatment from within their families can suffer trauma that is devastating to their physical and psychological development. The label developmental trauma has developed to describe this trauma and to guide diagnosis. The impact of this can increase when children live within marginalized communities or when their family is impacted by intergenerational trauma. The definition of developmental trauma has been expanded to describe seven domains of impairment. Together these help the clinician to provide a formulation of a child's difficulties which avoids multiple diagnoses and can guide treatment planning. Dyadic Developmental Psychotherapy and Practice (DDP) is an intervention model that can meet the therapeutic needs of the children alongside the support needs of parents and practitioners caring for them. The attitude of PACE (playfulness, acceptance, curiosity and empathy) is central within DDP interventions, used by therapists, parents and practitioners who together make up the network around the child. Tailoring DDP interventions can be guided by a pyramid of need developed by the author. This helps clinicians develop flexible intervention packages tailored to the needs of the child, family and practitioner. Within the article these ideas are explored illustrated by the fictional example of Janice. She was maltreated in early childhood and now lives in foster care with Mary and Simeon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores young people's emotional associations with activism in relation to their social identity, sense of agency and activist participation. Focusing on three activist topics—climate change, anti-racism, feminism and LGBTQ rights—the objective is to analyse emotional nuances both within and across these. Building on sociopolitical development theory, emotions affect the sense of (in)justice and participation in activism and are also central to how young people view their own agency. The focus group research in the United Kingdom showed that different emotional associations drove motivation for political action and that social identity influenced interest in and experiences with activism. While activism represented the self-actualization of values, identity-rights activism came with the added burden of pressure and personal risks for some. The findings highlight the complexity of emotions motivating activism, the significance of identity and values for finding belonging, and the intersectional dimension of one's sense of agency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the meanings of the public space, specifically addressing urban marginalized areas. It explores the issue of inequality in relation to public space and how this is reflected in urban policies. Starting from a theoretical framework based on three heuristic dimensions regarding practices, imaginaries, and norms, the authors will analyze through a multidisciplinary approach—that brings planning and cultural anthropology into dialogue—three cases related to some resignification and re-appropriation dynamics within a neighborhood of social housing located in Milan. The three cases concern: a regeneration project of a road accomplished through an experimental municipal device; a recently renewed square located on the border of the neighborhood; the organization of a public event to clean up waste. The public space of San Siro will emerge as an arena where several social actors and their conflicting interests clash, thus affecting the everyday life of its residents and the possibilities for planning an inclusive city as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of History Studies (13094688) is the property of History Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The experience of homelessness goes beyond being houseless and requires a whole-person-in-context approach. Although scant and varied, research with people experiencing homelessness suggests positive benefits from music therapy. Narrative reviews are helpful to synthesize literature with varied levels of evidence and research perspectives. The purpose of this narrative literature review is to provide a critical overview of the extant music therapy literature related to people experiencing homelessness and to inform recommendations for future research and practice. The 22 studies that meet inclusion criteria focused on three main areas of knowledge: (a) the impact of music therapy on people experiencing homelessness, (b) considerations for using music therapy with people experiencing homelessness, and (c) both a and b. Studies about the impact of music therapy indicate benefits including experiencing, regulating, and expressing emotions; engaging in meaningful connection and support; and developing and expressing identities that resist oppression. Other studies offer considerations related to musical preferences, aspects of the therapeutic process, and the therapists' position in terms of culture and power. Ongoing research about the role of music therapy in approaching and understanding homelessness is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Comparative Literature / Primerjalna Književnost is the property of Slovenian Comparative Literature Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Due to the limited onboard resources on Micro Aerial Vehicles (MAVs), the poor real-time performance has always been an urgent problem to be solved in the practical applications of visual inertial odometry (VIO). Therefore, a lightweight omnidirectional visual-inertial odometry (LOVIO) for MAVs based on improved keyframe tracking and marginalization was proposed. In the front-end processing of LOVIO, wide field-of-view (FOV) images are captured by an omnidirectional camera, frames are tracked by semi-direct method combining of direct method with rapidity and feature-based method with accuracy. In the back-end optimization, the Hessian matrix corresponding to the error optimization equation is stepwise marginalized, so the high-dimensional matrix is decomposed and the operating efficiency is improved. Experimental results on the dataset TUM-VI show that LOVIO can significantly reduce running time consumption without loss of precision and robustness, that means LOVIO has better real-time and practicability for MAVs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Culturally responsive and equitable evaluation (CREE) is a methodological paradigm that intertwines the principles of ethnography with community-centered approaches to amplify the authenticity and efficacy of program evaluations. This chapter explores the integration of ethnographic inquiry and methods to enhance evaluators' engagement with diverse stakeholders through a foundation of mutual respect, co-learning, and capacity building. Ethnography contributes depth to CREE by facilitating sustained participatory engagement, open-ended interviewing, and immersive observation, capturing the intricate cultural dynamics that inform context-specific recommendations. A crucial element of this integration is reflexivity concerning evaluators' privilege and positionality. By maintaining proactive transparency about their insider–outsider status and actively balancing power dynamics, evaluators can mitigate cultural blind spots and extractive biases. This approach not only foregrounds marginalized voices but also emphasizes critical self-interrogation, advancing the evaluation's potential to enact social change. However, without relentless anti-oppressive reflexivity, there is a risk of merely appropriating ethnographic methods for cosmetic purposes, thereby undermining the humanistic and authenticity aims of CREE. For program evaluators committed to adhering to the guiding principles of cultural competence, continuous professional development in ethnographic and CREE methodologies is essential. This chapter describes the meaningful integration of these methods, fostering more respectful, authentic, and equitable engagements with communities. Future directions for evaluation practice should focus on developing ethnographic, participatory, and community-based methods training, integrating critical theories to address power dynamics and promote reflexivity, and ensuring that evaluations not only meet technical standards but also achieve profound societal impact through a committed, collaborative, and authentic approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We develop hierarchical models and methods in a fully parametric approach to generalized linear mixed models for any patterned covariance matrix. The Laplace approximation is used to marginally estimate covariance parameters by integrating over all fixed and latent random effects. The Laplace approximation relies on Newton–Raphson updates, which also leads to predictions for the latent random effects. We develop methodology for complete marginal inference, from estimating covariance parameters and fixed effects to making predictions for unobserved data. The marginal likelihood is developed for six distributions that are often used for binary, count, and positive continuous data, and our framework is easily extended to other distributions. We compare our methods to fully Bayesian methods, automatic differentiation, and integrated nested Laplace approximations (INLA) for bias, mean‐squared (prediction) error, and interval coverage, and all methods yield very similar results. However, our methods are much faster than Bayesian methods, and more general than INLA. Examples with binary and proportional data, count data, and positive‐continuous data are used to illustrate all six distributions with a variety of patterned covariance structures that include spatial models (both geostatistical and areal models), time series models, and mixtures with typical random intercepts based on grouping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The emerging risks facing humanity have highlighted the need to address and prevent challenges through multilateral preventive strategies. The Mexico-United States (US) border is a region with great biological biodiversity and both countries shared a similar history and intense socioeconomic, and cultural interrelationships. Also, it has an extraordinary ecological contrast, resulting in an enormous biological diversity in a broad Nearctic-Neotropical transition zone. This dynamic region has important disparities due to the lack of bilateral strategies to face emerging issues (e.g., infectious diseases) in an integrated and holistic approach. In this context, we describe the various socio-ecosystemic contexts of the shared border and present different diseases transmitted, and different zoonoses that affect ecosystemic public health that must be addressed under collaborative schemes that can develop preventive policies under the One Health approach with emphasis on the Mexican zone. We describe the social determinants of health issues for the border, but we add ecological contexts infrequently studied in classical epidemiological approaches. Strategies towards One Health require international and multidisciplinary approaches that strengthen diagnostic capabilities, recognizing social, and environmental challenges. Recognizing these aspects will allow the establishment of joint monitoring, prevention, and mitigation strategies with benefits for both countries.

This study engages with the experiences of Dalit-Bahujan (oppressed social castes) students at a higher education institution in India. Drawing from interview-based data, it explores the students’ narratives to map their educational experiences, taking the medium of instruction as a case in point. The study aims to deepen understanding of the intersection of caste and curricular-pedagogic context of higher education and its relation to knowledge production in institutional contexts. The findings highlight a significant gap between the socio-economic backgrounds of Dalit-Bahujan students and the institutional and pedagogical structures, processes, and discourses they encounter. Based on these findings, the study further examines the framing of marginality at the intersection of caste, language and background of Dalit-Bahujan students. The lack of institutional support often relegates Dalit-Bahujan students to the margins within higher education institutions, not only excluding the disadvantaged social groups but also impinging upon the democratisation of knowledge production. We conclude that the question of medium of knowledge production necessitates a critical examination of which lives and voices are included in curricular and pedagogic processes.

Given the fact that women in homelessness face considerable health inequities, the question of how digitalization can be understood in relation to social rights and right to health surfaces. The objective of this qualitative interview study was to explore the use of mobile phones and internet for women experiencing homelessness. Women (n = 26) shared experiences of healthcare access by using a mobile phone or internet. Data were analyzed using NVivo software. The results are presented in two themes: Conditions and circumstances of having a mobile phone; and Structural and intrapersonal challenges affecting social rights. The results show that digitalization actively influenced everyday life for women experiencing homelessness. Whether women wanted it to or not, digitalization presents a line of demarcation for participation and inclusion or exclusion, in health- and social-care services.

This article explores how vulnerable and marginalized youth navigate their lives across online and offline domains in late modern society. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork and interviews, it examines how their digital practices interact with their perceptions of their social lives. While much research on digital inequalities relies primarily on quantitative approaches and might overlook the voices of these youth, this study centers on their experiences. Combining insights from digital competence research with classical and contemporary sociological perspectives, the article sheds light on the ways in which young people’s digital practices both reflect and reinforce their social realities. The analysis reveals how digital spaces can simultaneously provide escape and agency but also exacerbate vulnerability and marginalization, with the interplay between online and offline circumstances contributing to a risk of widening social and digital divide. However, institutional support is shown to have the potential to positively influence these dynamics, suggesting that such interventions may reshape the youth’s lives and thereby also their digital practices. The findings underscore the need for an integrated approach that considers not only digital competences but also the broader socio-economic and socio-psychological factors shaping young people’s lives and opportunities.

Bazı terimlerin insanlığın gözünde zamanı aşan bir gücü vardır. Geçen yıllar bu terimlerin anlam gücünü eksiltmez. Aksine bu terimlerin anlam gücü o kadar keskinleşir ve derinleşir ki, günümüz insanlarını geçmişte yaşamış olan insanlarla aynı duyguda birleştirmeyi başarır. Düşman sözcüğü de hiç şüphesiz böyle bir güce sahiptir. Bu çalışmada Eski Mezopotamya uygarlıklarının düşman kavramına yaklaşımları, düşmanı tanımlamak için kullandıkları Sumerce ve Akadca kelimeler yoluyla incelenmiştir. Orijinal metinlere dayanarak hazırlanmış sözlük ve dilbilgisi eserleri ile dijital kaynakların taranmasıyla ulaşılan terimler, uzmanlar tarafından hazırlanmış ikincil çalışmalarla birlikte değerlendirilmiştir. Böylece terimlerin sahip oldukları anlamlar üzerinden çıkarımlar yapılarak düşman ve düşmanlığın Eski Mezopotamya’daki kökeni ve doğası üzerine yorumlar yapılmıştır. Sonuç olarak gücü elinde bulunduranlar tarafından oluşturulan düşman anlatımlarının insanların bilinçaltını gösteren kutuplaştırıcı ve karşılaştırmalı bir dile hizmet ettiği; kullanılan düşman terimlerinin ise iki taraf arasında negatif bir ilişki kurulmasını sağladığı anlaşılmıştır.

Abstract: Great effort has been invested in increasing STEM achievement among students, but feelings of low status among underrepresented or otherwise vulnerable students may be creating additional challenges. The present study assessed how perceptions of social status within the classroom—termed subjective social status—aligned with objective course performance and differed by sex, first-generation status, work status, and race/ethnicity among 713 students enrolled across three introductory statistics classes. Findings indicated that final exam score was moderately related to ratings of subjective social status, suggesting that factors besides objective course performance may influence classroom subjective social status. When asked to explain how they evaluated their standing in the course, students reported five main themes, including both academic achievement with respect to exam scores and their understanding of course content. When examining differences by status-based identities in subjective social status, we found that female and first-generation students had lower subjective social status compared to their male and continuing-generation peers, although results were less robust for first-generation status. Likewise, working students reported lower subjective social status relative to non-working students, despite showing no difference in final exam score. In contrast, although Asian/Asian American students outperformed Latine students, there were no differences in reports of subjective social status between Asian/Asian American, Latine, and white students. Taken together, results suggest that factors beyond course performance may relate to students’ subjective social status, and subjective social status may contribute to disparities in academic performance, especially by sex and work status.

Mass school shootings in Russia have become a symbol of deep social and cultural dysfunctions, reflecting a crisis of identity and youth alienation. The paper emphasizes the importance of exploring how the media constructs the image of a school shooter, influencing public perception and the perception of the perpetrators themselves. The media’s role in intensifying the alienation and marginalization of shooters through the ritualization and narrativization of acts of violence requires in-depth analysis. The aim of the study is to analyze the phenomenon of school shootings through the lens of the ritual of chiral initiation and to identify the sociocultural factors contributing to the construction of the shooter’s image. The analysis shows that media coverage of school shootings follows a ritualized script that reinforces the perception of the shooter as an alienated and dangerous individual, cementing his marginal status. The “Non-Return” stage in the chiral initiation ritual illustrates the shooter’s irreversible break from society and self-identity. The study underscores the need for a comprehensive analysis of the media and cultural factors shaping public opinion about school shooters. The target audience of this study includes scholars in sociology, cultural studies, and anthropology, as well as professionals involved in media studies and public safety.

This study aims to explain the role of ethnic humor as a practice of marginalization against minority ethnic groups in Indonesia. The research data consists of 270 instances of ethnic humor sourced from books, websites, and social media. The data were analyzed using Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis approach, which includes three stages: description, interpretation, and explanation. Textual characteristics of ethnic humor were analyzed using SketchEngine, a corpus management and text analysis software developed by Lexical Computing. The findings indicate that ethnic humor can marginalize minority ethnic groups in Indonesia through three mechanisms: (1) negatively representing the targeted ethnic group, (2) constructing unequal social relations, and (3) justifying the behavior of the targeted ethnic group as inferior, strange, or even negative. The ideology embedded in ethnic humor discourse can be traced through patterns of language use, including word choice, sentence structure, and discourse organization. Words, sentence strcuture, and discourse organization are ideological because they contain experiential, relational, and expressive values. The results of this study reveal that ethnic humor, often appreciated for its entertainment value, can marginalize minority ethnic groups in two ways: by restricting their identity and roles. These findings reinforce previous research, such as that conducted by Pérez (2022), which argues that the ideological nature of ethnic humor can be harmful as it reinforces the dominance of majority groups. This finding also reinforce the findings of Mendiburo-Seguel & Ford (2023) which show that ethnic humor can strengthen ethnic prejudice. This situation suggests that ethnic humor should be approached cautiously to avoid negative impacts on Indonesia’s multiethnic society.

The paper explores the effects of social disablement caused by imprisonment, analyzing how this institution can exacerbate existing disability conditions or create new ones. Through a review of sociological literature, it highlights how the prison context can significantly contribute to an additional level of disablement. Considering the incapacitating effects of imprisonment, it emerges that the prison system acts as a “producer” of social disablement, intensifying marginalization processes and increasing societal disparities. This process is fueled by prison overcrowding, loss of employment and housing, suspension of social assistance, and the breakdown of family ties, creating a vicious cycle that generates and reinforces social disablement. The article underscores the need for greater attention and research in the field of disability within the prison environment, considering the dynamic interaction between individual conditions and contextual factors that influence it. Furthermore, it calls for a critical reflection on the social function and practices of prison institutions, proposing a more inclusive approach that reconsiders penal structures and policies to mitigate the disabling effects of detention.