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Protocolo de Scoping Review sobre a intervenção do Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem de Reabilitação na sobrecarga do familiar cuidador do idoso com demência.

Os implantes mamários têm sido amplamente utilizados e estão sujeitos a complicações, sendo um deles o linfoma anaplásico de grandes células associado ao implante de mama (BIA-ALCL). Assim, este trabalho objetiva trazer atualizações acerca dessa relação para melhor prognóstico.

Leaf blight caused by the fungi of the genus Calonectria represents a high economic risk for forestry companies due to the high potential of economic damage to commercial eucalyptus plantations. An outbreak of leaf blight was observed in Eucalyptus benthamii progeny in three sites in Southern Brazil. This study aimed to: (i) identify the causal agents of the disease; (ii) quantify the incidence and severity of leaf blight (CLB), and (iii) evaluate the selection for CLB resistance potential of E. benthamii. The incidence of the disease was 100% and severity progressed over time, causing more than 50% of canopy defoliation in most trees. The fungal species associated with this study were C. metrosideri and C. spathulata, both found to be pathogenic; C. spathulata was the most aggressive. Infection of E. benthamii by these fungi was associated with temperatures around 18 °C and relative humidity of approximately 74%. There is sufficient genetic variability for the selection of resistant E. benthamii progenies to CLB, based on low severity degrees.

Nesta revisão sistemática foram incluídos 24 estudos originais, publicados entre 2011 e 2021, que avaliaram o fluxo sanguíneo cerebral em indivíduos com doenças neurocognitivas ou outras perturbações mentais, seguindo as diretrizes do consenso para a aplicação clínica da pseudo-continuous arterial spin labelling (pCASL). As amostras dos estudos incluídos compreenderam indivíduos com perturbações neurocognitivas, nomeadamente doença de Alzheimer (AD), perturbação neurocognitiva minor (MCI), degeneração lobar frontotemporal (FTLD), demência com corpos de Lewy (DLB) e declínio cognitivo subjetivo plus; bem como perturbações do espetro da esquizofrenia, perturbação depressiva major, doença bipolar, perturbação do espetro do autismo, perturbação de hiperatividade/défice de atenção e perturbação de pânico. Foi documentada hipoperfusão cortical global tanto nos doentes com AD como nos com MCI. A maioria dos estudos em doentes com MCI reportaram hipoperfusão regional nos lobos parietais e occipitais. As estruturas hipoperfundidas que melhor diferenciaram doentes com AD de um grupo controlo foram o precuneus e o córtex do cíngulo posterior. Já as que melhor diferenciaram os doentes com FTLD de um grupo controlo foram o córtex do cíngulo anterior e as regiões frontais. Mesmo após correção para efeitos de volume parcial, os padrões de perfusão dos doentes com a variante comportamental da demência frontotemporal e dos doentes com DLB assemelham-se aos padrões de anomalias volumétricas cerebrais que ocorrem nestas doenças. Relativamente ao diagnóstico diferencial das perturbações neurocognitivas, a pCASL demonstra particular interesse na diferenciação dos indivíduos ao longo do espectro de declínio cognitivo. Já no que diz respeito às restantes perturbações mentais abordadas nesta revisão sistemática, o valor da medição da perfusão cerebral para o seu diagnóstico é ainda limitado. We reviewed 24 original research studies, published between 2011 and 2021, assessing cerebral blood flow (CBF) in patients with neurocognitive and other mental disorders, according to consensus guidelines for the clinical application of pseudo-continuous arterial spin labelling (pCASL). The included studies comprised samples of patients with neurocognitive disorders (NCD), including Alzheimer's disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and subjective cognitive decline (SCD) plus; as well as samples of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, major depressive and bipolar disorders, autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and panic disorder. Global cortical hypoperfusion was found both in patients with MCI and AD. Most studies comprising patients with MCI reported regional hypoperfusion in the parietal and occipital lobes. The hypoperfused structures found to best differentiate patients with AD from a control group were the precuneus and the posterior cingulate cortex, and those found to best differentiate patients with FTLD from a control group were the anterior cingulate cortex and the frontal regions. Perfusion patterns of patients with behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia and DLB resembled patterns of brain volume abnormalities also occurring in the corresponding conditions, even after correction for partial volume effects. Regarding the differential diagnosis of NCD, the usefulness of pCASL was found to be relevant for subjects across the spectrum of cognitive decline. With respect to the remainder mental conditions addressed in this review, the added value of CBF measurements for the diagnosis was found to be limited.

The discovery of Cryphonectriaceae and more specifically species related to the Eucalyptus canker pathogen Chrysoporthe cubensis on shrubs and trees in the Melastomataceae, has deepened our understanding of relevant, and potentially globally threatening tree pathogens. Recent isolations of Cryphonectriaceae associated with cankers on Tibouchina spp. in Brazil gave rise to an apparently undescribed species of Chrysoporthe associated with stem and branch cankers that lead to tree death. Cultures of this fungus were subjected to phylogenetic studies based on sequences for the ITS and β-tubulin gene regions. These analyses revealed a novel taxon that is described here as Chrysoporthe puriensis sp. nov., having both sexual and asexual states. Pathogenicity tests on two species of Tibouchina (T. granulosa, T. heteromalla) and hybrids of Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla showed that Chr. puriensis can infect and cause disease on all of these trees. It is clearly not only damaging on native Tibouchina spp. where environmental conditions are conducive to disease development, but also potentially threatening to non-native Eucalyptus spp., which form the basis of a major plantation forest industry.

Calonectria leaf spot, caused by Calonectria pteridis, is a serious problem in Eucalyptus crops in both nursery and the field. Under ideal conditions, the disease can cause severe defoliation. It is known that calcium and potassium are directly related to the plant's resistance to pathogens. Thus, the knowledge of how a balanced fertilization of Ca and K interferes in the distribution of these nutrients at the infection site would contribute to elucidate the resistance of the plant related to its nutrition. This study investigated the effect of calcium and potassium fertilizer application on the content and distribution of these nutrients in the symptomatic leaf area, transition zone and asymptomatic leaf area over time. Eucalyptus seedlings were grown in nutrient solution under different Ca and K treatments (6 mmol/L K + 4 mmol/L Ca, 6 mmol/L K + 8 mmol/L Ca and 9 mmol/L K + 12 mmol/L Ca) and inoculated with C. pteridis. Leaves were removed at 24, 48 and 72 hr after inoculation (hai) and evaluated by X‐ray microanalysis. The highest calcium content among the different leaf areas was observed in the symptomatic area, and the levels in this area increased over time, with the highest mean value observed at 72 hai in the 6K + 8Ca treatment. In the other treatments, the mean calcium content peaked at 48 hai and then decreased. A similar pattern in asymptomatic tissue was observed for potassium in the 6K + 8Ca treatment. Fertilization with calcium and potassium directly affected the demand and availability of nutrients at different times during infection. These results demonstrate that plant defence responses and their continuity over time during infection rely on balanced calcium and potassium fertilization because these nutrients are directly involved in plant resistance to the pathogen.

A Síndrome do Túnel do Carpo (STC) resulta da compressão crônica focal do nervo mediano sob o ligamento transverso do punho, devido ao aumento da área nervosa, sendo a neuropatia mais comum da extremidade superior e a causa mais comum de encarceramento de nervo periférico. Ela é caracterizada por dor, dormência ou formigamento no pulso, mãos ou dedos e os sintomas neurológicos vão desde parestesia e/ou hiperestesia na região de distribuição do nervo mediano até hipotrofia ou atrofia do músculo tenar, com exacerbação durante a noite e movimentos repetitivos. O diagnóstico é essencialmente clínico por meio da história clínica e do exame físico com os testes de Tinel, Phalen e Durkan, porém, podem ser utilizados métodos de diagnóstico por imagem para auxiliar no diagnóstico, são eles eletroneuromiografia (ENMG), ultrassonografia (USG), ressonância magnética e tomografia computadorizada. Objetivo: O objetivo do trabalho é mostrar e comparar os achados relacionados ao diagnóstico da STC por meio de exames de imagem, como a USG em detrimento do exame de ENMG. Material e métodos: O levantamento bibliográfico foi realizado nas bases de dados US National library of Medicine e Scientific Electronic Library Online por meio dos descritores “Síndrome do Túnel do Carpo”, “Ultrassonografia”, “Eletroneuromiografia” e “Diagnóstico” com inclusão de artigos que tratavam dos exames de imagem e da ENMG relacionados à STC e, com exclusão de artigos incompatíveis com o estudo. Esses foram agrupados em prevalência de STC na população geral; caráter da dor; sensibilidade e especificidade dos exames. Resultados: Como resultado, foi observado que a ENMG é dominante sobre os exames de USG, Tinel, Phalen e Durkan no estudo com pacientes com média de idade de 49 anos, em que a maioria apresentava algum tipo de dor. Conclusão: Dessa forma, foi possível observar que apesar de os métodos diagnósticos por imagem apresentarem vantagens e desvantagens, a ENMG constatou ser superior em sensibilidade e especificidade para o diagnóstico de STC.

Draft genome sequences of fiveCalonectriaspecies [includingCalonectria aciculata,C. crousiana,C. fujianensis,C. honghensisandC. pseudoturangicola],Celoporthe dispersa,Sporothrix phasmaandAlectoria sarmentosaare presented. Species ofCalonectriaare the causal agents of Eucalyptus leaf blight disease, threatening the growth and sustainability ofEucalyptusplantations in China.Celoporthe dispersais the causal agent of stem canker in nativeSyzygium cordatumand exoticTibouchina granulosain South Africa.Sporothrix phasmawas first discovered in the infructescences ofProtea laurifoliaandProtea neriifoliain South Africa.Alectoria sarmentosais fruticose lichen belongs to the alectorioid clade of the family Parmeliaceae. The availability of these genome sequences will facilitate future studies on the systematics, population genetics, and genomics of these fungi.

Candeia (Eremanthus erythropappus (DC.) MacLeish), a native forest species from South America, has garnered commercial interest due to its production of essential oil that contains alpha‐bisabolol. This compound is widely used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industry, with approximately 80% of Brazilian production being exported. Since candeia rust (Puccinia velata) has only been reported in Brazil, little is known about its epidemiology and control. There is no methodology to quantify rust severity in candeia, justifying the elaboration and validation of a diagrammatic scale containing eight levels of disease severity based on leaf area coverage (0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 4%, 8%, 16% and 32%). In a natural sampling of disease in the field, 95% of the leaves showed severity below 16%, with the remaining 5% showing severities between 16% and 32% of leaf area. Validation of the proposed diagrammatic scale was performed by assessing the results from 10 inexperienced evaluators, performing evaluations of three leaves with different severity levels. The evaluations were performed at 7‐day intervals; in the first instance, severity values were assigned without the diagrammatic scale, and for the second attempt, the scale proposed in this study was used. The accuracy and precision of the severity estimates produced by each evaluator compared to the real severity was analysed by linear regression and by Lin's statistics. The reproducibility of the estimates was evaluated by analysing the coefficient of determination of linear regressions by pairs of evaluators. The scale provided adequate levels of accuracy, precision, repeatability and reproducibility, indicating the proposed scale was a suitable method for quantifying the severity of candeia rust.

Draft genomes of Penicillium roqueforti, Fusarium sororula, Chalaropsis populi, and Chrysoporthe puriensis are presented. Penicillium roqueforti is a model fungus for genetics, physiological and metabolic studies, as well as for biotechnological applications. Fusarium sororula and Chrysoporthe puriensis are important tree pathogens, and Chalaropsis populi is a soil-borne root-pathogen. The genome sequences presented here thus contribute towards a better understanding of both the pathogenicity and biotechnological potential of these species.

Caryocar brasiliense Camb. (Ca. brasiliense) is a typical tree of the Brazilian Cerrado commonly known as pequi. The pequi fruits have a high potential for use in cosmetic and food industries. Due to its economic importance, during the fruiting period, numerous families living in the Cerrado biome benefit from direct fruit harvesting, which is often their only income source. There are no commercial plantations, and the only source of the pequi fruits is the natural Brazilian Cerrado. During a disease survey, an unknown fungus was observed on stem cankers of dying trees. The fungus has similar characteristics to the well-known family of canker pathogens, the Cryphonectriaceae. Thus, the aims of this study were to isolate and identify the fungus from those canker symptoms and assess its pathogenicity. Identification of the fungus was based on morphological characteristics as well as DNA sequence data. DNA from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, two fragments of the b-tubulin gene (BT1 and BT2), and large subunit of rDNA (LSU) was sequenced and compared with published sequences for 20 genera in the Cryphonectriaceae family. Pathogenicity tests were conducted on Ca. brasiliense seedlings. Morphological characterizations revealed that the fungus isolated from Ca. brasiliense differed from those typically found in the Cryphonectriaceae, especially for the presence of ostiolar septate single or branched hyphae. Phylogenetic analyses showed that this novel fungus from Ca. brasiliense grouped separately from other genera in the Cryphonectriaceae. Pathogenicity tests on Ca. brasiliense showed that the fungus is able to cause stem cankers. Taking all findings together, we propose that the pathogenic fungus isolated from Ca. brasiliense is a novel genus and a novel species in the Cryphonectriaceae, and thus, we named it as Capillaureum caryovora.

Chrysoporthe species are known to cause canker on hosts belonging to Myrtaceae and Melastomataceae families. Cankers occur on tree trunks and branches and may reduce growth and lead to plant death. In this study, the incidence and pathogenicity of Chrysoporthe cubensis and other species causing canker on Eucalyptus sp., Tibouchina heteromalla and T. granulosa were examined. The isolates were collected in Maranhao (MA) and Minas Gerais (MG) in Brazil. Sequence analysis of beta-tubulin and actin genomic regions confirmed the presence of C. cubensis and C. doradensis on clones of the hybrid Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla, T. granulosa, and T. heteromalla in Brazil. Morphological characterization enabled the identification of the isolates from both genera primarily based on differences in conidial size and shape. The isolates were pathogenic to ten Eucalyptus clones and Tibouchina plants. Our results contribute new knowledge of Chrysoporthe species causing diseases of woody plants in Brazil of importance to Eucalyptus breeding programs when screening for resistance. Furthermore, this is the first report of C. doradensis infecting Eucalyptus and T. granulosa, as well as the first record of C. cubensis infecting T. heteromalla in Brazil.

Ceratocystis fimbriata is a native, soilborne pathogen in South America that causes a lethal wilt disease on a broad range of economically important plants. Ceratocystis wilt on kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.) was first recognized in 2010 in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The genetic variation among kiwifruit isolates was analized to determine if a single introduced strain of the pathogen was responsible for the epidemic or if there was substantial genetic variation in the population, suggesting that the fungus was soilborne and indigenous to the region. We used 14 microsatellite (simple sequence repeat, SSR) markers to identify 18 genotypes of C. fimbriata among 76 isolates from eight kiwifruit farms. The 18 genotypes clustered into three groups based on UPGMA analysis of the microsatellite alleles. The largest group comprised 60 isolates of 11 closely-related microsatellite genotypes obtained from seven of the eight farms. These genotypes appeared to have originated from a single farm that had supplied cuttings for grafting to the other farms. The population of the pathogen from the farm that supplied the cuttings had the highest level of genotypic diversity and relatively high gene diversity, suggesting that this source population represented an indigenous, soilborne population. Phylogenetic analyses of the DNA sequences of the mating type locus (including portions of MAT1-1-2 and MAT1-2-1) placed the isolates into three groups, corresponding to the three microsatellite groups. Most of the isolates, including all the tested isolates from the farm that supplied the cuttings, had mating type gene sequences that were distinct from other Brazilian populations of C. fimbriata. A second group comprised isolates from one farm that had mating type gene sequences typical of Mata Atlântica (Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo) populations of C. fimbriata on Colocasia esculenta and Mangifera indica. Three farms purchased kiwifruit plants or rootstocks from commercial nurseries in Brazil as well as scions from the source farm, and some of the isolates from these farms were genetically similar to Eucalyptus isolates of C. fimbriata from Bahia and Minas Gerais, Brazil. The kiwifruit epidemic in Rio Grande do Sul is the southern-most report of C. fimbriata in Brazil, and the primary pathogen population on kiwifruit appears to be indigenous and originated from a single farm that distributed the pathogen in grafting material. In addition, commercial nursery stock was also implicated as sources of C. fimbriata genotypes. The disease is a major limiting factor for kiwifruit production in southern Brazil, and the results suggest that clean planting stock will be important to successful production.

Genotypes of the Latin American wilt pathogen Ceratocystis fimbriata have been moved around the world in vegetatively propagated material of various crop plants, including Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato), Colocasia esculenta (taro), and Eucalyptus spp. When compared to a worldwide collection of isolates of C. fimbriata, isolates from taro, Punica granatum (pomegranate), and Eriobotrya japonica (loquat) from Yunnan Province, China were found to have sequences of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA and mating type genes that were identical to isolates from Eucalyptus in Brazil. Analyses of 35 isolates with 14 microsatellite markers revealed that the Yunnan population was nearly uniform, consisting of only 19 alleles and seven closely related genotypes, suggesting that the population is not natural and is the result of an introduction. As in comparisons of sequences of ITS rDNA and mating type genes, the microsatellite alleles of the Yunnan isolates were most similar to those of Eucalyptus isolates from Minas Gerais and Bahia, Brazil, where C. fimbriata is native, soilborne, and commonly infects cuttings of Eucalyptus spp. used for rooting in nurseries. Thus, the Yunnan population, which is causing severe losses on pomegranate, may have been indirectly derived from introductions of C. fimbriata in contaminated Eucalyptus cuttings from Brazil.

The temporal progress of candeia rust, caused by the fungus Puccinia velata, was monitored in an experimental field at Lavras municipality, Southern Minas Gerais state, Brazil. A plantation with 17 Eremanthus erythropappus clones was set at the site, and the temporal disease progress was analyzed based on visual assessments of disease severity on leaves. The disease was monitored monthly between September 2016 and August 2017. Progress curves based on disease severity were constructed and empirical models were fitted. The area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) was calculated, and the means test was applied to select clones resistant to the disease. The Pearson coefficient was used to assess correlations between disease severity and environmental variables. The model that best described disease progress over the assessment period was the Gompertz model. The mean AUDPC values were grouped into four groups of resistance levels according to the Scott&ndash, Knott test. There was a negative correlation between air temperature and disease severity. Considering that the disease occurred in all clones and that the climatic conditions of Southern Minas Gerais are favorable to the candeia rust, it is important to adopt measures for the selection of clones resistant to this disease.

The supply of nutrients in balanced proportions leads to greater crop yields and represents an alternative practice for the management of plant diseases. Accordingly, we investigated the effect of the doses of and the nutritional balance between calcium (Ca) and potassium (K) on the severity of leaf spot and defoliation caused by the fungus Calonectria pteridis. Moreover, the effect of the treatments on the growth of interspecific hybrid eucalyptus clone seedlings (Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden &times, E. urophylla S.T. Blake), which are highly susceptible to the disease, was evaluated. The 25 treatments comprised combinations of one of five doses of Ca (1.2, 3.0, 6.0, 9.0 and 12.0 mmol L&minus, 1) with one of five doses of K (0.8, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0 and 12.0 mmol L&minus, 1) and five replicates of each treatment were included in the study. The supply of high concentrations of K favoured C. pteridis infection and resulted in high disease severity, although defoliation was not observed. However, the supply of both nutrients in excess (12.0 mmol L&minus, 1 Ca &times, 9.0 mmol L&minus, 1 K) resulted in a higher disease severity and an increased defoliation percentage (82 and 64%, respectively). Defoliation not associated with Calonectria leaf blight disease was observed with the imbalanced treatments, that is, the treatments combining a low concentration of one nutrient and an excess concentration of the other nutrient. The supply of K at a level near the standard dose (6 mmol L&minus, 1) and of Ca at a dose above 4 mmol L&minus, 1 (standard dose) ensured high mean values for the morphological variables root and shoot biomass, plant height and chlorophyll a and b contents. These treatments also resulted in low disease severity and defoliation percentages, indicating that a balanced supply of Ca and K ensures reductions in disease severity and defoliation and contributes to higher growth.

Ceratocystis fimbriata causes wilt and death of plants in several important crops and native vegetation in Brazil. Ceratocystis wilt was recently found to be causing substantial mortality in kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa and A. chinensis) in the Farroupilha region of Rio Grande do Sul. The aim of this study was to describe the symptomatology of the new disease and characterise isolates of C. fimbriata obtained from kiwifruit plants. Affected plants showed substantial discoloration of the woody xylem and wilt-type symptoms of the foliage, with eventual death of the whole plant. Phylogenetic analysis of ITS rDNA of 39 isolates from kiwifruit identified five haplotypes, which were placed in the Latin American clade of C. fimbriata. The ITS haplotypes were morphologically similar to isolates of C. fimbriata from other hosts in Brazil. Eight isolates of four ITS haplotypes varied somewhat in aggressiveness to three kiwifruit cultivars (Monty, Hayward and Elmwood), but all isolates were pathogenic and ...

Ceratocystis wilt is among the most important diseases on mango (Mangifera indica) in Brazil, Oman, and Pakistan. The causal agent was originally identified in Brazil as Ceratocystis fimbriata, which is considered by some as a complex of many cryptic species, and four new species on mango trees were distinguished from C. fimbriata based on variation in internal transcribed spacer sequences. In the present study, phylogenetic analyses using DNA sequences of mating type genes, TEF-1α, and β-tubulin failed to identify lineages corresponding to the four new species names. Further, mating experiments found that the mango isolates representing the new species were interfertile with each other and a tester strain from sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), on which the name C. fimbriata is based, and there was little morphological variation among the mango isolates. Microsatellite markers found substantial differentiation among mango isolates at the regional and population levels, but certain microsatellite genotypes were commonly found in multiple populations, suggesting that these genotypes had been disseminated in infected nursery stock. The most common microsatellite genotypes corresponded to the four recently named species (C. manginecans, C. acaciivora, C. mangicola, and C. mangivora), which are considered synonyms of C. fimbriata. This study points to the potential problems of naming new species based on introduced genotypes of a pathogen, the value of an understanding of natural variation within and among populations, and the importance of phenotype in delimiting species.

No Brasil, a mancha bacteriana e a desfolha causada por Xanthomonas axonopodis Vauterin e uma das doencas mais importantes do eucalipto durante a producao de mudas. O processo infeccioso depende essencialmente da presenca de agua livre na superficie foliar. Sendo assim, com o presente trabalho objetivou-se avaliar a efetividade do controle da doenca por meio de uma tecnologia alternativa de irrigacao, com eliminacao da presenca de agua livre sobre as folhas. Os resultados permitiram concluir que o uso da subirrigacao reduziu a intensidade da doenca, aumentou o desenvolvimento e o aproveitamento das mudas, em comparacao ao sistema de irrigacao por aspersao. O uso da tecnologia de subirrigacao e mais uma alternativa de manejo integrado da doenca nos viveiros de eucalipto.

Since volatiles do not leave residues in food and cause low toxicity to humans, they can act as a skeleton for new nematicidal molecules, once they have demonstrated activity against phytonematodes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released by wood-associated fungi on controling second-stage juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne incognita. All 28 wood-associated fungi isolates produced VOCs which caused in excess of 76 % immobility in exposed J2 of M. incognita. The fungus isolate VOCs also caused significant mortality compared to control when J2 were exposed to them. After 6 h of exposure, the fungus species Epicoccum nigrum and Schizophyllum commune produced VOCs that immobilized exposed J2 compounds, in relation to the control. When J2 were inoculated into tomato under greenhouse conditions, the M. incognita infectivity and reproduction were reduced by exposure to the VOCs. Volatiles produced by most of the fungi isolates and analyzed by gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer (CG-MS), included alcohols, esters, terpenes, and ketones. Certain compounds appeared only in S. commune or in E. nigrum suggesting their involvement in the high level of damage caused to nematode reproduction on tomato. Volatiles emitted by wood fungi demonstrated another mode of action of these microorganisms in nature.

Bacterial leaf blight is an important disease in Eucalyptus spp. plantations since it can cause defoliation, affecting plant development. A better understanding of the disease epidemiology is important for its control. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze bacterial leaf blight temporal progress in the initial establishment in the field of different eucalyptus clones. It also targeted to correlate the incidence and area under the disease-progress curve (AUDPC), with variables related to growth and meteorological data. Bacterial leaf blight progress curves were analyzed based on incidence and carried out AUDPC calculation. Pearson&rsquo, s coefficient was used to verify the correlations between bacterial leaf blight incidence and AUDPC with clone initial growth and meteorological factors. Gompertz or Logistic models were the best adjustment to data, according to the assessed clones. A difference in AUDPC was observed between clones regarding bacterial leaf blight incidence during the assessment period. Clones were divided into three groups with different tolerance levels. A negative correlation was observed between bacterial leaf blight incidence, AUDPC, and growth variables of clones. During the assessment period, average air temperature, rainfall, and air relative humidity favored disease incidence. The clones A469, VM01, and 373 were the most tolerant to the disease.

This paper presents an analysis of the ways the occupation of Rocinha, a slum in Rio de Janeiro, by police forces is reported in texts and images in the online coverage of the newspapers O Globo (Brazil), Clarin (Argentina) and Le Monde (France). The research is based on the theoretical framework of French Discourse Analysis, mainly the concepts of discursive formation, discursive memory (cf. Courtine, 1981); opacity (cf. Orlandi, 1999) and event-words (cf. Moirand, 2008, 2012). The meanings of the events that took place in Rio de Janeiro are regulated by possible current narratives related to the memory of the city and to an immediate context related to the fact that the city will be hosting the 1914 World Cup and the 2016 Olympic Games. The comparison of the discursive production in the above mentioned newspapers aims at identifying the processes of meaning production so as to answer the following questions: a) in which ways can different conditions of discursive production silence certain meanings and promote others in discourse; b) which would be the transparency effects in these newspaper discourses; c) how and why are certain meanings naturalized in some texts and questioned in others?

This paper presents an analysis of the ways the occupation of Rocinha, a slum in Rio de Janeiro, by police forces is reported in texts and images in the online coverage of the newspapers O Globo (Brazil), Clarin (Argentina) and Le Monde (France). The research is based on the theoretical framework of French Discourse Analysis, mainly the concepts of discursive formation, discursive memory (cf. Courtine, 1981); opacity (cf. Orlandi, 1999) and event-words (cf. Moirand, 2008, 2012). The meanings of the events that took place in Rio de Janeiro are regulated by possible current narratives related to the memory of the city and to an immediate context related to the fact that the city will be hosting the 1914 World Cup and the 2016 Olympic Games. The comparison of the discursive production in the above mentioned newspapers aims at identifying the processes of meaning production so as to answer the following questions: a) in which ways can different conditions of discursive production silence certain meanings and promote others in discourse; b) which would be the transparency effects in these newspaper discourses; c) how and why are certain meanings naturalized in some texts and questioned in others?

Summary Ceratocystis wilt, caused by Ceratocystis fimbriata, has become the most important disease in eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp. and hybrids) plantations in Brazil. To further our understanding of the epidemiology of this disease, we surveyed eucalyptus plantations in the states of Minas Gerais and Bahia that were known to have Ceratocystis wilt or were thought to have been planted with infected rooted cuttings. There was generally higher disease incidence in the Minas Gerais plantations, which were on former Cerrado forest sites and likely had soilborne inoculum prior to planting eucalyptus. In such plantations, disease incidence was not evident before 20 months after planting but slowly increased up to 50% at 74 months. The symptomatic and killed trees were aggregated, perhaps from uneven distribution of inoculum in the soil. Also, the progression of cumulative disease incidence best fit a monomolecular model, which is typical of soilborne diseases (fixed level of initial inoculum with little or no secondary inoculum during the crop rotation). However, plots where some trees had been harvested during the rotation showed very high levels of disease incidence in the sprouts that arose from stumps, suggesting secondary spread of the pathogen on harvesting tools or machinery. Most of the Bahia plantations were on pastureland prior to eucalyptus cultivation, and the pathogen was likely introduced with infected nursery stock. In such plots, symptoms were evident as soon as 7 months after planting, and most of the mortality occurred within 12 months. The diseased trees on former pastureland sites were sometimes aggregated within planting rows, suggesting that bunches of infected nursery stock were planted together within the rows. Care should be taken in planting disease-free planting material and spreading the pathogen on tools, but on sites with soilborne inoculum, use of resistant clones may be the only management option.

This finding contributes to understanding the diversity of this pathogen in the region where other hosts occur, such as kiwifruit. Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-01T00:57:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2018AlvaroPDFirstReport.pdf: 495078 bytes, checksum: 026ef0f7428ac49257bf3cd1d93b3826 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-10-31 Disease notes.

RESUMO: Este artigo tem como objetivo problematizar o gênero cinematográfico chanchada a partir das considerações de Bakhtin acerca da formação dos gêneros discursivos. A hipótese que norteia otrabalho é a de que as chanchadas se caracterizam por uma linguagem híbrida, devido à construção multifacetada da cultura popular brasileira e à utilização de muitos gêneros cinematográficos em sua construção. A chanchada é responsável pela cristalização de todo um imaginário acerca da identidade e da memória social das classes populares no Brasil. ABSTRACT: This article discusses the film genre chanchada from a bakhtinian perspective about the configuration of discourse genres. The main hypothesis is that their main feature is their hybrid nature, due to the use of a range of filmic genres in their language and the multifaceted nature of Brazilian popular culture. The genre is responsible for the cristalization of the imaginary about the identity and social memory of popular social classes in Brazil.

Tectona grandis Lf (teak) is a deciduous forest species with increasing economic importance in timber production in subequatorial Brazil. In August 2016, circular dark brown leaf spots (ranging 1 to 20 mm in diameter) with well-defined edges were found mainly in seedlings of commercial production areas in Caceres, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. The lesions often induced defoliation, as well as slower plant growth and development. For isolation of the causal agent, foliar lesions were submitted to a series of disinfection steps (70% alcohol for 1 min and 2% sodium hypochlorite for 1 min, followed by a double rinse in distilled water for 1 min). The tissues were then transferred to Petri dishes with potato dextrose agar (Merck) medium and incubated at 25°C for 5 days in the dark. Young fungal colonies displayed white mycelium with concentric rings varying from dark green to blackish shades with the production of black sporodochia. Microscopic observations indicated the presence of hyaline conidiophores with rod-shaped phialides (10 to 17 × 1.5 to 3.0 μm). Conidia were hyaline, cylindrical (6 to 8 × 2.0 to 2.5 μm) with rounded ends. The isolates were identified as Paramyrothecium roridum (Tode) L. Lombard & Crous comb. nov. (Lombard et al. 2016) (syn. Myrothecium roridum Tode). Genomic DNA was extracted from colonies of two representative monosporic isolates using a cetyl trimethylammonium bromide method. Polymerase chain reaction assays were carried out with the primer pair ITS1 and ITS4 able to amplify a segment of the rDNA-ITS region (White et al. 1990), which is the largest database available for the genus Paramyrothecium. The isolates from teak were deposited in “Maria Menezes” (UFRPE, Recife–PE, Brazil) public fungal collection under the numbers CMM4729 and CMM4730. Alignments of the two teak isolates (accession nos. MF579530 and MF579531) displayed 100% identity with each other and 99% identity with the reference P. roridum isolate CBS 372.50 (KU846301) reported on Coffea plants (Lombard et al. 2016). Healthy plants of three elite clones (six seedlings of each) were inoculated by spraying a suspension of 1 × 10⁶ conidia/ml using leaves either after softly wounded (by toothbrush) or employing intact tissues. The mock-inoculated controls (wounded and nonwounded plants) were sprayed with sterile water. The seedlings were kept on a moist chamber (25°C) for 2 days. Seedlings inoculated with P. roridum displayed initial leaf symptoms 7 days after inoculation, whereas the controls remained free of symptoms. P. roridum was reisolated only from the symptomatic plants. This pathogen has been previously reported infecting teak in Taiwan (Doilom et al. 2016). In Brazil, P. roridum was reported on a wide range of mainly herbaceous hosts (Fujinawa et al. 2016; Mendes et al. 1998). However, this is the first report of this fungus on teak in the country. The occurrence of this wide host range pathogen will demand the deployment of novel preemptive diagnostic and control strategies to avoid potential yield losses in teak under Brazilian conditions.

Ceratocystis fimbriata causes diseases on a wide variety of plants in Brazil, including rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis), on which it causes gray mold or moldy rot on tapping panels affecting latex yield. However, C. fimbriata isolated from rubber tree have not been critically studied. Phylogenetic analyses of sequences of ITS rDNA and a mating type gene placed rubber tree isolates from Acre and Bahia among Brazilian isolates of C. fimbriata from other hosts. In the analyses of 14 microsatellite loci, the rubber tree isolates from Bahia were identical to each other and had alleles similar to those of Brazilian isolates from mango and eucalyptus. The microsatellite alleles of the Acre rubber tree isolates were identical to each other but distinct from other Brazilian isolates. The rubber tree isolates were morphologically indistinguishable from each other and very similar to the isolates of C. fimbriata on Ipomoea batatas, on which the species was originally described. Based on inoculation experiments results, the Bahia and Acre rubber tree isolates do not appear to be host specialized, which is typical for Brazilian isolates of C. fimbriata sensu stricto.

A parceria com a Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo e Organização Mundial da Saúde - KOBE Center possibilitou que a Prefeitura do Município de São Paulo investigasse as intervenções realizadas junto à população de usuários de drogas e junto aos serviços públicos municipais dirigidos a essa população, durante o período de julho de 2003 a novembro de 2004. Pesquisou-se dessa forma a implantação de estratégias de redução de danos em serviços de tratamento a usuários de drogas. A estratégia de avaliação das intervenções focou a distribuição de kits de redução de danos em serviços de tratamento da dependência química, os Centros de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas da área temática de Saúde Mental do município de São Paulo - CAPS ad - cujos técnicos foram treinados pelos profissionais do projeto PRD Sampa, visando a implantação da Política de Redução de Danos. A introdução do conceito de redução de danos (RD) nos CAPS ad fez com que se compreendesse a complexidade da tarefa e o impacto no serviço e no território de abrangência. Após tal constatação, desenharam-se treinamentos e reuniões de fortalecimento para sensibilização dos profissionais, usuários, familiares e comunidade.The PRD Sampa (the Sampa Harm Reduction Project) was initiated in the Mental Health District of São Paulo to implement a harm reduction policy for drug and alcohol users in the city and reduce their exposure to sexually transmitted diseases - STDs and HIV. Sao Paulo Alcohol and Drug Psycho-social Care Centers (CAPS ad) run by the Mental Health Division of Sao Paulo municipality dispatched their staff to receive professional training from PRD Sampa to implement Harm Reduction Public Policy. The study was implemented from July 2003 to November 2004 in São Paulo, in order to evaluate the interventions. The presentation of the harm reduction (HR) concept at CAPS ad shed light on the complexity of the task and the impact of the service within the territory covered. After observation, training and booster meetings were designed to raise the awareness of professionals, users, families and the community.

Summary Ralstonia solanacearum is currently one of the most important plant pathogenic bacteria worldwide, with a wide geographical distribution and host diversity. The pathogen infects more than 200 plant species belonging to approximately 50 plant families, including Eucalyptus spp. Although, high losses have been reported in nurseries, little is known on the negative impact of the disease in the field. In this study, we evaluated the incidence of R. solanacearum and its effect on volumetric growth and cellulose yield of discoloured wood chips obtained from infected trees of one clone of Eucalyptus urophylla and two hybrid clones of Eucalyptus urophylla × E. grandis. The average incidence of bacterial wilt ranged between 60.6% and 72.4%. Volumetric growth of infected trees disease decreased 78.6% and 81.7% at 18 and 30 months, respectively. The pulp screen yield of three clones decreased between 3.2 and 6.4%, with an average 4.3%. The results of this work provide useful information on the losses of volumetric growth and pulp yield of eucalypt caused by R. solanacearum.

A atividade de pesca artesanal, a qual envolve fatores de ordem histórico-culturais, ambientais, sociais, políticos, econômicos, dentre outros, apresenta-se atualmente como importante fonte de renda, geração de trabalho e alimento, além de estar contribuindo para a permanência do homem no seu local de origem. Entretanto, seu produto, o pescado, considerado um dos alimentos mais perecíveis, necessita de um manejo e conservação adequada desde a captura até a sua comercialização para retardar o processo de deterioração. Desse modo, esta dissertação tem o objetivo de estudar o efeito das práticas de manipulação na qualidade do pescado, desde a captura ao seu desembarque na praia, resultante da atividade dos jangadeiros de Ponta Negra - Natal/RN com o intuito de analisar a qualidade do pescado e propor recomendações para a sua manipulação adequada e possíveis soluções a fim de agregar valor ao produto, por meio da melhoria da qualidade e Boas Práticas de Manipulação. Para tanto, utilizou-se a metodologia baseada na Análise Ergonômica do Trabalho por meio de técnicas observacionais e interacionais com o grupo de foco, os jangadeiros, para compreender a atividade jangadeira e avaliou-se o frescor e qualidade do pescado mediante análise sensorial e parâmetros microbiológicos e físico-químicos existentes na legislação Portaria nº 185, de 13 de Maio de 1997 e o RIISPOA - alterado em 01 de dezembro de 2007 e a RDC Nº 12, de 2 de janeiro de 2001. De acordo com os resultados obtidos em análises laboratoriais, pode ser constatada, a qualidade aceitável do pescado conforme os parâmetros existentes nas normas e regulamentações vigentes, não obtendo deterioração significativa decorrente da má manipulação e conservação inadequada do mesmo. The artisan fishing activity, which involves historical - cultural, environmental, social, political, economi c, among other factors, presents, nowadays, as an important source of income, creating jobs and food, contributing to the permanence of man in their own birthplace. However, the fish, considered one of the most perishable foods, requires a proper handling and conservation, from capture to its availability in the market, in order to slow the deterioration process. Thereby, this dissertation aims to study the effect of the manipulation practices on fish quality, from capture to its landing on the beach, resul ting from fisherman’s activity from Ponta Negra - Natal/RN. It also presents the purpose of analyzing the quality of the fish and propose recommendations for their proper handling and possible solutions to add value to the product, through the improvement of the quality and good handling practices. For this purpose, the methodology used was based on ergonomic analysis of their work through observational techniques and interactional with the focus group, the jangadeiros, to understand their activity and eval uated the freshness and quality of the fish by sensory analysis, and microbiological parameters and physicochemical from existing legislation Ordinance No. 185 of May 13, 1997 and RIISPOA - amended on December 1, 2007 and RDC No. 12, dated January 2, 2001. According to the results obtained in laboratory tests, it can be established, the acceptable quality of fish as the existing rules and regulations parameters , not getting significant deterioration caused by poor handling and improper storage of fish.