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Este trabalho objetiva mostrar a interação e integração tecnológica do tutor com o aluno nas práticas educacionais, usando os recursos necessários para a formação de alunos na Educação a Distância. O estudo, realizado por meio de fontes indiretas como livros e artigos científicos, analisa os caminhos desta educação, apresentando a sua evolução e a forma de utilizá-la no cotidiano, numa relação constante com a didática. Parte-se do princípio de que a aprendizagem realizada por intermédio das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TICs) abre novos espaços, tempos e ambientes de educação nos quais o professor/tutor se vê como coprodutor do conhecimento, devendo criar situações em que os alunos se sintam estimulados a examinar seus pensamentos e a buscar processos.

Evidence that otoliths, mineral-rich limestone concrescences present in the inner ear of bone fishes, can accelerate bone formation in vivo has been previously reported. The goal of this work was the development, characterization, and evaluation of the cytocompatibility of otoliths-incorporated sodium alginate and gelatin scaffolds. Cynoscion acoupaderived otoliths were characterized by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (FRX), particle size, free lime, and weight loss by calcination. Furthermore, otoliths were incorporated into sodium alginate (ALG/OTL-s) or gelatin (GEL/OTL-s) scaffolds, previously developed by freeze-drying. Then, the scaffolds were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transform (FTIR), swelling tests, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cytotoxicity assays were run against J774.G8 macrophages and MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts. Data obtained from TGA/DTG, DSC, and FTIR analyses confirmed the interaction between otoliths and the polymeric scaffolds. SEM showed the homogeneous porous 3D structure rich in otolith micro-fragments in both scaffolds. Swelling of the GEL/OTL-s (63.54±3.0%) was greater than of ALG/OTL-s (13.36±9.9%) (p0.05) and significantly higher than that treated with Triton-X (p0.05). However, by 48 h, only ALG/OTL-s showed growth similar to control (p>0.05), whereas GEL/OTL showed a significantly lower growth index (p, We would like to thank the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) and the Foundation for Research and Technological Innovation Support of the State of Sergipe for the financial support in this study. EMBS acknowledges the sponsorship of the projects M-ERA-NET-0004/2015-PAIRED and UIDB/04469/2020 (strategic fund), received support from the Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation, Ministry of Science and Education (FCT/MEC) through national funds, and was co-financed by FEDER, under the Partnership Agreement PT2020., info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF) is a rare genetic condition characterized by slow and progressive gingival enlargement. The gingival overgrowth often delays teeth eruption and may cause serious functional and aesthetic problems. We reported a case of a 10-year-old female child presenting a generalized gingival enlargement covering almost all the maxillary and mandibular teeth and resulted in problems for swallowing, speaking, and poor aesthetics. An incisional biopsy was performed and revealed a hypocellular and hypovascular dense collagenous tissue covered by squamous epithelium exhibiting acanthosis and elongated rete ridges. The diagnosis was HGF. The treatment instituted was an association of gingivectomy with a rigorous program of oral hygiene and follow-up. Herein, we describe a rare non-syndromic case of generalized HGF, including clinical and microscopical features, as well as highlighting the importance of correct diagnosis of this genetic condition.

Background Salivary gland tumors (SGT) correspond to a heterogeneous group of lesions with variable biological behavior. The present study aimed to determine the distribution and demographic findings of salivary gland neoplasms in a northeast Brazilian population. Material and Methods A retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study was performed. A total of 588 cases of SGT were diagnosed between 2006 and 2016 of 4 pathology services in the state of Sergipe, Brazil. All cases were reviewed, and data such as sex, age, anatomical location, and histopathological diagnosis were collected. Results A total of 470 (79.9%) tumors were benign and 118 (20.1%) were malignant. The majority of the patients were females (n=328, 55.8%) with an overall female:male ratio of 1.2:1. The major salivary glands were affected more than the minor glands (69.5% vs. 30.5%). Pleomorphic adenoma (n=419, 71.3%) and mucoepidermoid carcinoma (n=29, 4.9%) were the most frequent benign and malignant tumors, respectively. In addition, both benign and malignant tumors occurred more frequently in the parotid gland (n=300, 51%, p

Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar os níveis de estresse em motoristas de táxi em Aracaju/SE, utilizando o Inventário de Sintomas de Estresse de Lipp (ISEL). Foram entrevistados 72 motoristas de táxi os quais 48,6% apresentaram estresse e 51,4% não apresentaram estresse. A idade média bem como o tempo de serviço na presença ou não do quadro de estresse foi semelhante (p>0,05). Sintomas físicos associados ao estresse são os problemas de memória e a tensão muscular. O ato de pensar constantemente em um só assunto mostrou associação significativa com os sinais de estresse (p

Non-neoplastic proliferative processes (NNPPs) are reactive lesions frequently found in the oral cavity. Despite their benign nature, some aggressive malignant lesions may mimic those lesions. We report a case of a 64-year-old female with a chief complaint of a painful rapidly growing nodule with bleeding on palpation in the vestibular and palatal gingiva of teeth 11 and 21. Histologic examination showed nests of atypical neoplastic squamous cells infiltrating the connective tissue. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed positivity for AE1/AE3, CK5, 34 βE12, p63, p53, and Ki-67 (over 75%) but negativity for CK19. The diagnosis was gingival squamous cell carcinoma (GSCC). The patient was referred to a head and neck surgical service for proper management of the tumor. GSCC is a well-recognized malignant neoplasm of the oral cavity that may clinically mimic an NNPP. It is essential for the clinician to be aware of such a presentation to allow for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Ameloblastic fibroma (AF) is an uncommon benign odontogenic tumor in which both the epithelial and ectomesenchymal components are neoplastic. We report a case of a 6-year-old male patient presenting a painless swelling in the left posterior mandibular region with 1-month evolution. Computed tomography scans showed a large osteolytic lesion (6.0 × 4.5 cm). An incisional biopsy was performed, and the histopathologic analysis revealed cords and islands of proliferating odontogenic epithelium laid in a loose cell-rich connective tissue. The diagnosis was AF. A surgical conservative excision followed by curettage was performed, but the lesion recurred after 6 years, which was histologically confirmed. A new surgical excision and curettage was performed, including the removal of the tooth involved. The patient is under follow-up for 3 months with no recurrence sign. Despite the benign nature, a judicious pathologic analysis in cases of recurrent tumors is essential to rule out any malignant changes.

Objective: To analyze the clinical profile of a series of salivary gland tumors diagnosed in the state of Sergipe. Study Design: This is an epidemiologic, analytical, and retrospective study of the clinical characteristics of salivary gland tumors, carried out in medical/oral pathology reference services in the state of Sergipe. The cases were collected in the laboratories database. All cases of major and minor salivary gland tumors that met the diagnostic criteria established by the World Health Organization (WHO) and diagnosed between 2006 and 2016 were selected. Cases were diagnosed by fine needle aspiration; inconclusive reports and secondary tumors were excluded. Results: A total of 588 cases were found. The majority of tumors occurred in women (55.7%), ranging from 41 to 50 years of age (19.06%). Benign tumors were more common (79.5%), and major salivary glands were more affected (61.73%), particularly the parotid gland (51.7%). Pleomorphic adenoma (88.96%) and Warthin tumor (6.8%) were the most common benign tumors, whereas mucoepidermoid carcinoma (24.58%), not otherwise specified adenocarcinoma (20.34%), and adenoid cystic carcinoma (17.8%) were the most frequent malignant tumors. Conclusions: Pleomorphic adenoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma were the most common benign and malignant salivary gland tumors, respectively, and the parotid gland was the most affected anatomic site.

Ameloblastoma is an aggressive benign odontogenic neoplasm that occurs more frequently in the mandible, and only 5% to 20% of cases affect the maxilla. We reported a case of a 28-year-old white female who was referred to a dentistry radiology service for routine examinations for orthodontic purposes. CT scans revealed the presence of an ill-defined hypodense lesion in the left posterior maxillary region causing rupture and invasion of the maxillary sinus floor. An incisional biopsy was performed, and histopathologic examination revealed islands, trabeculae, and nests of basaloid epithelial cells, sometimes presenting peripheral ameloblastic differentiation. The diagnosis was basal cell ameloblastoma. The tumor was treated with decompression for 10 months, with approximately 60% of regression of the lesion, and then a surgical enucleation followed by curettage was performed. Despite rarely occurring in the maxilla, ameloblastoma is an aggressive tumor that must be considered in the differential diagnosis of multilocular lesions in this anatomic site.

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune disease, characterized by the formation of autoantibodies against desmosomes of keratinocytes, resulting in intraepithelial blisters. We report a case of a 70-year-old female patient presenting with widespread, painful, eroded, or ulcerated mucosal lesions with 3 weeks’ evolution. Nikolsky’s sign was negative. Incisional biopsy of a jugal mucosa lesion was performed, and histopathologic analysis revealed squamous epithelium showing acantholysis, with suprabasal clefts containing so-called acantholytic Tzanck cells. The diagnosis was PV, confirmed by direct immunofluorescence. Prednisolone (60 mg/once/daily) was prescribed for 15 days, with improvement of the condition, and further gradual dose reduction was carried out. The patient is undergoing follow-up for 20 months, with no oral or cutaneous manifestation of the disease. Although PV is a systemic disorder, oral manifestations often precede cutaneous manifestations and are the first signs of disease. Thus, dentists have a fundamental role in the early diagnosis and treatment of these conditions.

Glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) is a rare developmental cyst, comprising less than 1.0% of the jaws cysts. We report a case of a 45-year-old Caucasian male, presenting with a slight painless swelling in the posterior region of the mandible. Cone beam computed tomography revealed a well-defined hypodense lesion, approximately 3.2 × 2.2 cm, involving the tooth 48. An incisional biopsy was performed, and microscopic examinations revealed multiple pathologic cavities lined by odontogenic epithelium of variable thickness, presenting small duct-like structures and occasional goblet cells, surrounded by a fibrous capsule. The diagnosis was GOC. Cystic marsupialization was carried out, and clear regression of the lesion is observed after 9 months’ follow-up. Because of the aggressive biologic behavior, a correct diagnosis of GOC is essential to ensure the proper management of the lesion. As the diagnosis of GOC may be challenging, we provide a discussion of the histopathologic criteria of differential diagnosis.

Um importante aumento na prevalência do sobrepeso e da obesidade infantil tem sido demonstrado nas três últimas décadas e estima-se que no mundo cerca de 170 milhões de pessoas com menos de 18 anos têm sobrepeso. Nesse sentido, estudos têm levantado à hipótese de que o aleitamento materno pode ser utilizado como estratégia na prevenção da obesidade na infância e de patologias associadas. Este estudo objetivou identificar a associação entre a duração do aleitamento materno exclusivo e uma possível proteção no desenvolvimento de sobrepeso e obesidade em pré-escolares. Trabalho de caráter transversal, em que 48 crianças de dois a cinco anos de uma instituição de ensino particular, localizada no município de Itabaiana/SE, foram avaliadas quanto ao peso e estatura. Os pais das crianças responderam a um questionário sobre tempo de amamentação. As crianças foram categorizadas em amamentadas exclusivamente e não amamentadas exclusivamente e, posteriormente, tais dados foram relacionados ao estado nutricional. Das 48 crianças estudadas, 6,2% nunca haviam recebido leite materno e 93,8% receberam leite materno. Dentre as crianças que receberam aleitamento materno exclusivo, notou-se uma prevalência de eutrofia (80%) em detrimento do sobrepeso (20%). Foi possível concluir que houve associação significativa entre duração do aleitamento materno exclusivo e a prevenção de sobrepeso e obesidade em pré-escolares, concordando com os dados da literatura.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the prevalence of exposure to psychoactive substances in public students of basic education and its association with sociodemographic characteristics. METHODS This is a cross-sectional survey conducted from March to September 2015, involving 1,009 students of the basic and high school education in 20 public schools in the municipality of Aracaju, State of Sergipe, Brazil. The data have been compiled using questionnaires previously applied in national studies of the Brazilian Center for Psychotropic Drugs. The variables have been dichotomized for later logistic regression using the Chi-square test to analyze associations between experimentation with psychoactive substances and other sociodemographic variables; odds ratio and confidence intervals have also been calculated. The level of significance adopted was 5%. RESULTS We have identified that 69.6% of the students have experimented alcohol and 12.4% cigarettes. Age (≥ 15 years) has shown a significant association with experimentation with alcohol (p < 0.001) and cigarettes (p = 0.02), acting as risk factor in both cases (OR = 2.34 and 1, 78, respectively), but it acted as a protective factor for the use of inhalants (p = 0.03 and OR = 0.58) and weight loss medication (p = 0.006 and OR = 0.44). Religious practice had a significant association with experimentation with alcohol (p = 0.01), functioning as a protective factor (OR = 0.56). CONCLUSIONS We have concluded that the psychoactive substance most experienced by students was alcohol, followed by cigarettes, and chance for experimentation increases after the age of 15. Religious practice, in turn, acts as a protective factor for experimentation with alcohol. RESUMO OBJETIVO Analisar a prevalência de exposição a substâncias psicoativas em estudantes do ensino básico de escolas públicas e sua associação com características sociodemográficas. MÉTODOS Trata-se de um inquérito transversal realizado de março a setembro de 2015, envolvendo 1.009 alunos do ensino fundamental e médio em 20 escolas públicas de Aracaju, São Cristóvão e Nossa Senhora do Socorro. Os dados foram compilados por meio de questionários aplicados anteriormente em estudos nacionais do Centro Brasileiro de Drogas Psicotrópicas. As variáveis foram dicotomizadas para posterior regressão logística com aplicação do teste Qui-quadrado para analisar associações entre a experimentação de substâncias psicoativas e outras variáveis sociodemográficas, e calculada a razão de chances e seus intervalos de confiança. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. RESULTADOS Identificamos que 69,6% dos estudantes têm experimentado álcool e 12,4% cigarro. A idade dos alunos (≥ 15 anos) mostrou associação significativa com a experimentação de álcool (p < 0,001) e cigarros (p = 0,02), atuando como fator de risco em ambos os casos (OR = 2,34 e 1,78, respectivamente), mas atuando como fator de proteção para o uso de inalantes (p = 0,03 e OR = 0,58) e remédios para emagrecer (p = 0,006 e OR = 0,44). A prática religiosa apresentou associação significativa com a experimentação de álcool (p = 0,01), funcionando como um fator de proteção (OR = 0,56). CONCLUSÕES Conclui-se que a substância psicoativa mais experimentada pelos estudantes foi o álcool, seguida do cigarro, e que a chance de experimentação aumenta a partir dos 15 anos. A prática religiosa, por sua vez, atua como fator de proteção à experimentação do álcool.