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Fil: Chavez Jara, Romina Mabel. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Biotecnología Farmacéutica y Alimentaria; Argentina. Fil: Chavez Jara, Romina Mabel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET. Nodo Tucumán. Instituto de Biotecnología Farmacéutica y Alimentaria; Argentina. Fil: Cerúsico, Nicolás Abel. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Biotecnología Farmacéutica y Alimentaria; Argentina. Fil: Cerúsico, Nicolás Abel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET. Nodo Tucumán. Instituto de Biotecnología Farmacéutica y Alimentaria; Argentina. Fil: Lazarte, María de Los Ángeles. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Biotecnología Farmacéutica y Alimentaria; Argentina. Fil: Lazarte, María de Los Ángeles. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET. Nodo Tucumán. Instituto de Biotecnología Farmacéutica y Alimentaria; Argentina. Fil: Cabrera, Carla Agostina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Biotecnología Farmacéutica y Alimentaria; Argentina. Fil: Cabrera, Carla Agostina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET. Nodo Tucumán. Instituto de Biotecnología Farmacéutica y Alimentaria; Argentina. Fil: Sesto Cabral, María Eugenia. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Biotecnología Farmacéutica y Alimentaria; Argentina. Fil: Sesto Cabral, María Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET. Nodo Tucumán. Instituto de Biotecnología Farmacéutica y Alimentaria; Argentina. Fil: Ramos Vernieri, Alberto Nicolás. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Biotecnología Farmacéutica y Alimentaria; Argentina. Fil: Ramos Vernieri, Alberto Nicolás. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET. Nodo Tucumán. Instituto de Biotecnología Farmacéutica y Alimentaria; Argentina. Antecedentes: Las úlceras crónicas de miembros inferiores (UCMI) representan un gran problema para los pacientes y los sistemas de salud. Objetivo: Determinar el número y el costo de consultas e internaciones asociadas a las UCMI en un hospital público en Tucumán, Argentina. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo observacional. La estimación del costo se calculó basada en los días de internación, número de consultas, tratamientos realizados y análisis de laboratorio. Resultados: En el periodo 2013-2014, se identificaron 7224 consultas y 359 internados con códigos CIE-10 relacionados a UCMI. La estancia media fue de 22.88 días. Se observó una media de 0.41 cirugías por pacientes, donde el 25% fueron amputaciones. El costo anual asociado al tratamiento de UCMI en pacientes internados fue US$ 4.053,65, mientras que en pacientes ambulatorios fue US$ 3.589,24. Conclusión: Las UCMI generan una gran carga económica para el Sistema de Salud público en Argentina. Por tanto, es necesario un cambio en la forma de registro de las UCMI en los hospitales, que permita al Sistema de Salud público tomar conciencia del problema y generar las políticas necesarias para resolverlo. Background: Chronic lower limb ulcers (CLLU) have an important burden to the individual and the healthcare system Objective: To determinate the number and cost of consultation and hospitalization associated to CLLU in a public hospital in Tucumán, Argentina. Methods: Retrospective observational study. Cost estimation were calculated based on days of stay, treatments and laboratory tests in a inpatient population and the number of consultations, treatments and laboratory tests in a outpatient population. Results: In 2013 and 2014, the overall number of consultation with ICD-10 codes was 7224 and the number of inpatient was 359. The length of stay was 22.88 days. There was a mean of 0.41 surgeries per patient where 25% were amputations. The mean annual cost in a single public hospital was US$ 4053.65 per inpatient and US$ 3589.24 per outpatient. Conclusion: CLLU generate a great economic burden for the public Health System in Argentina. Therefore, there is a need of changing the way of registration of CLLU in hospitals, allowing the public Health System to become aware of the problem and generate the necessary policies to solve it.

Chronic venous leg ulcer (CVLU) arises as a chronic venous insufficiency complication and is a major cause of morbidity throughout the world. Our hypothesis is that the CVLU exudate composition is a biochemical representation of the wound clinical state. Then, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy could be a useful and less-invasive technique to study the clinical state of the ulcer. For this, the aim of this work was to perform a spectral characterization of the exudate from CVLU using FTIR spectroscopy to identify potential healing markers. 45 exudate samples from CVLU, 95% of the strains isolated from CVLU in planktonic and biofilm phenotypes and other related biological samples such as human plasma, serum, urine, blood cells, urea, creatinine, glucose and albumin were studied by FTIR spectroscopy. According to the vibration frequency of biomolecules? (lipids, proteins, nucleic acids and carbohydrates) characteristic bonds in the infrared region, different spectral windows were selected and spectral areas of each window were measured. Besides, Savitzky?Golay second derivatives were obtained for all spectra and peaks from each standardized window were detected. FTIR spectroscopy allowed identification of sample types (exudate, plasma, serum, urine) as each one presents a unique relative composition and ratios range. Also, this technique could be useful to identify bacteria in the phenotypic-ulcer state and allows differentiation of whether bacteria are in the biofilm or planktonic form which is unlikely by conventional methods. In this work we found some spectral markers (areas, peaks) that allow identification of several parameters in the exudate such as (a) total cellularity, (b) inflammatory cell load, (c) bacterial load, (d) fibrin amount, and (e) inflammatory proteins. Because the measured areas or founded peaks are concentration-dependent this method could also serve to measure them. Therefore, FTIR spectroscopy could be useful to evaluate patient evolution as all these exudate parameters represent critical negative markers for wound healing. Fil: Cerúsico, Nicolás Abel. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Microbiología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán; Argentina Fil: Aybar, Juan Pablo. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Biotecnología Farmacéutica y Alimentaria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Biotecnología Farmacéutica y Alimentaria; Argentina Fil: López, Silvana. Hospital de Clínicas Presidente Nicolás Avellaneda; Argentina Fil: Molina, Silvia G.. Hospital de Clínicas Presidente Nicolás Avellaneda; Argentina Fil: Chavez Jara, Romina Mabel. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Biotecnología Farmacéutica y Alimentaria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Biotecnología Farmacéutica y Alimentaria; Argentina Fil: Sesto Cabral, María Eugenia. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Biotecnología Farmacéutica y Alimentaria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Biotecnología Farmacéutica y Alimentaria; Argentina Fil: Valdéz, Juan C.. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Microbiología; Argentina Fil: Ben Altabef, Aída. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Química del Noroeste. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Química del Noroeste; Argentina Fil: Ramos, Alberto N.. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Biotecnología Farmacéutica y Alimentaria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Biotecnología Farmacéutica y Alimentaria; Argentina

Chronic wounds are those that remain in a chronic inflammatory state and fail to follow normal healing process. Infection is one of the most important causes of chronicity. A frequent pathogen isolated from chronic infections is Pseudomonas aeruginosa; refractory to therapy and host immune attack in its biofilm phenotype. Lactobacillus plantarum cultures supernatants (LAPS) interfere with its pathogenic capacity. In addition, LAPS showed bacteriostatic and bactericide properties and is neither cytotoxic nor an inductor of necrosis-apoptosis. LAPSs chemical composition was determined; allowing us to propose a correlation between its constituents and their biological activity. This article shows a pharmaceutical dosage form designed by using LAPS as an API with pro-healing activity and its quality control. Pharmacotechnical and anti-microbial assays were adapted to demonstrate that the vehicle used does not modify LAPS activities. Selected formulation (F100) showed fair mechanical and technological properties. From the in vitro release assays was found an adequate release from the carrier matrix and maintains its anti-pathogenic activity for 6 months. We propose F100 for chronic wounds treatment. The use of harmless bacteria by-products, such as LAPS, to antagonize infectious pathogens that have ability to form biofilm is an efficient and economic approach to treat infected chronic wounds. Fil: Sesto Cabral, María Eugenia. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Ramos Vernieri, Alberto Nicolás. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Macedo, Alexandre Jose . Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul; Brasil Fil: Trentin, Danielle. Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul; Brasil Fil: Treter, Yaninne. Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul; Brasil Fil: Manzo, Ruben Hilario. Universidad Nacional de Cordoba. Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas. Departamento de Farmacia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Valdez, Juan Carlos. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Context: It is necessary to advance the field of alternative treatments for chronic wounds that are financially accessible to the least economically developed countries. Previously we demonstrated that topical applications of Lactobacillus plantarum culture supernatants (LAPS) on human-infected chronic wounds reduce the pathogenic bioburden, the amount of necrotic tissue, and the wound area, as well as promote debridement, granulation tissue, and wound healing. Objective: To study LAPS chemically and biologically and to find potential molecules responsible for its pro-healing and anti-pathogenic properties in chronic wounds. Materials and methods: (1) Chemical analysis: extracts were subjected to a column chromatography and the fractions obtained were studied by GCMS. (2) Quantification: dl-lactic acid (commercial kit), phenolic compounds (Folin?Ciocalteu), H2O2 (micro-titration), and cations (flame photometry). (3) Biological analysis: autoinducers type 2 (AI-2) (Vibrio harveyi BB170 bioassay), DNAase activity (Agar DNAase), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm inhibition (crystal violet technique). Results: According to its biological activity, the most significant molecules found by GCMS were the following: antimicrobials (mevalonolactone, 5-methyl-hydantoine, benzoic acid, etc.); surfactants (di-palmitin, distearin, and 1,5-monolinolein); anesthetics (barbituric acid derivatives), and AI-2 precursors (4,5-dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione and 2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofurane). Concentrations measured (µg/mL): dl-lactic acid (11.71 ± 1.53) and H2O2 (36 ± 2.0); phenolic compounds (485.2 ± 15.20); sodium (370 ± 17); potassium 920 ± 24); calcium (20 ± 4); and magnesium (15 ± 3). DNAase from LAPS had activity on genomic DNA from PMNs and P. aeruginosa. Discussion and conclusion: The molecules and biological activities found in LAPS could explain the observed effects in human chronic wounds. Fil: Ramos, Alberto. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Microbiología. Cátedra de Inmunología; Argentina Fil: Sesto Cabral, María Eugenia. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Arena, Mario Eduardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Química del Noroeste. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Química del Noroeste; Argentina Fil: Arrighi, Carlos Federico. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Arroyo Aguilar, Abel Alfredo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Valdez, Juan C.. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Microbiología. Cátedra de Inmunología; Argentina

Pathogenic bacteria delay wound healing through several different mechanisms such as persistent production of inflammatory mediators or maintenance of necrotic neutrophils, which release cytolytic enzymes and free oxygen radicals. One of the most frequent pathogens isolated from infections in chronic wounds is Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This bacterium is extremely refractory to therapy and to host immune attack when it forms biofilms. Therefore, antibiotics and antiseptics are becoming useless in the treatment of these infections. In previous works, we demonstrated that Lactobacillus plantarum has an important antipathogenic capacity on P. aeruginosa. The aim of the present work was to elucidate the mechanism involved in the control of growth of P. aeruginosa on different surfaces by L. plantarum. For this purpose, we investigated the effects of L. plantarum supernatants on pathogenic properties of P. aeruginosa, such as adhesion, viability, virulence factors, biofilm formation, and quorum sensing signal expression. L. plantarum supernatants were able to inhibit pathogenic properties of P. aeruginosa by a quorum quenching mechanism. The antipathogenic properties mentioned above, together with the immunomodulatory, tissue repair, and angiogenesis properties in the supernatants of L. plantarum, make them an attractive option in infected chronic wound treatment.