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Recent studies suggest that alterations in the female urinary microbiota is associated to development of bladder disease. However, the normal microbiota composition and variation in healthy women are poorly described. Moreover, the effects of hormonal changes on microbiota during menopause is not well understood. The aim of our study was to investigate the urinary microbiota in healthy pre- and postmenopausal women without urinary tract symptoms. Microbiota composition in catheterized urine samples was mapped using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. In total, 41 premenopausal and 42 postmenopausal women were initially included. Samples with first PCR amplification concentration below level of the negative control were excluded, resulting in 34 premenopausal and 20 postmenopausal women included in data analysis. Urine from postmenopausal women showed significantly higher alpha diversity compared to premenopausal women. Lactobacillus was the most abundant bacteria in both groups, however the relative abundance of Lactobacillus accounted for 77.8% in premenopausal versus 42.0% in postmenopausal women. In conclusion, urine from premenopausal mostly presented with Lactobacillus dominated urotypes, whereas urine from postmenopausal women presented a more diverse urinary microbiota with higher abundance of the genera Gardnerella and Prevotella. The clinical and pathophysiological implications of this difference remain to be elucidated.

© 2020 National Association of Geoscience Teachers.The high Arctic is a remote place, where geoscientific research and teaching require expensive and logistically demanding expeditions to make use of the short field seasons. The absence of vegetation facilitates the use of modern photogrammetric techniques for the cost-effective generation of high-resolution digital outcrop models (DOMs). These georeferenced models can be used in pre-fieldwork activities to help prepare for traditional geological fieldwork, during fieldwork to record observations, and post-fieldwork to conduct quantitative geological analyses. Analyses of DOMs range in scale from mm-cm (e.g., size and spacing of dinosaur footprints), to hundreds of meters (e.g., seismic modeling of outcrops and outcrop-well-seismic correlations) and can advance research objectives. This integration is strengthened if key geoscientific data, like geological and topographical maps, subsurface profiles, borehole data, remote sensing data, geophysical data and DOMs can be integrated through a common database, such as the Svalbox database that we present in this commentary. Svalbox geographically targets the Svalbard archipelago, where fieldwork is challenging due to the harsh polar environment, risk of polar bear encounters and demanding transport to the field area. The University Centre in Svalbard nonetheless relies on utilizing the natural Svalbard environment for its field-based education, and now makes use of Svalbox to make geological fieldwork more efficient and post-fieldwork analyses more quantitative. Experience and usage of such tools in geoscientific education, particularly in the polar regions, is not well documented. Therefore, we share experiences on both developing and optimizing Svalbox, and on student and lecturer usage. Svalbox includes a web-based interface through which DOMs are shared and displayed together with relevant public-domain geoscientific data sets. Svalbox also serves as a platform to share student and teacher experiences on the entire DOM workflow, from acquisition to data distribution. For the Svalbox users questioned by the project group, DOMs were found to provide many benefits, including quantitative analyses, extended field season, appreciation of scale and data sharing that significantly outweigh present-day challenges, such as the need for expensive hardware and lack of easily accessible interpretation software, the latter being surmountable within the near-term.

During the Devonian, the Svalbard Archipelago lay near the equator, occupying an important paleogeographic position at the intersection of Caledonian and Ellesmerian orogens. We provide new sediment provenance constraints, including detrital zircon U-Pb ages, from the Devonian Andrée Land Basin, Svalbard, to understand the tectonic history of the archipelago at that time. Sedimentary provenance analysis of Devonian aged strata can help reconstruct the sediment sources and paleogeography to understand the assembly of the domains that make up Svalbard, that are presently separated by Devonian sedimentary basins and(or) faults with syn- to post Devonian displacement. The studied Andrée Land Group strata in Dicksonland, which are part of the North Atlantic's Old Red Sandstone, consist of the Early Devonian Wood Bay Formation and Middle to Late Devonian Mimerdalen subgroup. Paleocurrent indicators from Lower to lower-Middle Devonian strata record north-directed sediment transport. Detrital zircon U-Pb data are dominated by ages sourced from Svalbard’s Northwestern and Southwestern Basement provinces. In Middle and Upper Devonian strata, paleocurrents and detrital zircon ages suggest a shift to a predominantly eastern-northeastern provenance, likely sourced from the uplifting Ny-Friesland block along the Billefjorden Fault Zone. The addition of significant late Ediacaran-early Cambrian detrital zircons in a sample from the uppermost Planteryggen Formation (Frasnian) indicate sources associated with the Timanian orogen and provide a useful palaeogeographic indicator when compared to other regional detrital zircon data sets. Detrital zircon ages and provenance data suggest Svalbard may have already been assembled, similar to the block we see today, with the Andrée Land Basin between modern exposures of the Southwestern/Northwestern and the Northeastern basement provinces. Comparison of detrital zircon ages from Andrée Land Group strata with those from other circum Arctic Lower, Middle, and Upper Devonian strata provides further insight on Svalbard’s paleogeographic position in the Devonian.

BACKGROUND: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) may be intolerant to fermentable carbohydrates (FODMAPs). The aim of this study was to test the feasibility of eliminating and subsequently reintroducing FODMAPs in patients with IBS symptoms as part of the IBD manifestation and to compare the severity of IBS symptoms and pain, bloating and quality of life (QoL).METHODS: An eight-week randomised open-label FODMAP elimination with double-blinded, crossover provocations of FODMAP and placebo. Diet patients were on a low-FODMAP diet for eight weeks with blinded two-week provocations after two and six weeks. Questionnaires, blood and stool samples were collected.RESULTS: Patient enrolment was challenging. Nineteen participants were included in the study. Eliminating low FODMAP for two weeks resulted in significant decreases in pain and bloating scores (p < 0.003), whereas there were no statistical differences in pain scores between diet patients and controls. Pain and bloating scores increased, returning to baseline levels after two weeks of double-blinded provocations with placebo, (p > 0.05).CONCLUSIONS: The results document the possibility of performing a randomised controlled study following the gold standard for testing food intolerance with blinding of the Low FODMAP diet. Recruitment of participants was challenging.

Background: SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in a global pandemic since its outbreak in Wuhan, 2019. Virus transmission primarily occurs through close contact, respiratory droplets, and aerosol particles. However, since SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in fecal and rectal samples from infected individuals, the fecal-oral route has been suggested as another potential route of transmission. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and clinical implications of rectal SARS-CoV-2 shedding in Danish COVID-19 patients.Methods: Hospitalized and non-hospitalized adults and children who were recently tested with a pharyngeal COVID-19 test, were included in the study. A rectal swab was collected from all participants. Hospitalized adults and COVID-19 positive children were followed with both pharyngeal and rectal swabs until two consecutive negative results were obtained. RT-qPCR targeting the envelope gene was used to detect SARS-CoV-2 in the samples. Demographic, medical, and biochemical information was obtained through questionnaires and medical records.Results: Twenty-eight of 52 (53.8%) COVID-19 positive adults and children were positive for SARS-CoV-2 in rectal swabs. Seven of the rectal positive participants were followed for more than 6 days. Two of these (28.6%) continued to test positive in their rectal swabs for up to 29 days after the pharyngeal swabs had turned negative. Hospitalized rectal positive and rectal negative adults were comparable regarding demographic, medical, and biochemical information. Furthermore, no difference was observed in the severity of the disease among the two groups.Conclusions: We provided evidence of rectal SARS-CoV-2 shedding in Danish COVID-19 patients. The clinical importance of rectal SARS-CoV-2 shedding appears to be minimal.

Machine Learning applications provide a promising method to support clinical practitioners in Breast Cancer (BC) detection. Currently, Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) is a commonly applied diagnostic method for BC tumors, which,however, is associated with ominous false negative misclassifications. For this purpose, the present study explores Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) with the aim of outperforming clinical practices via FNA in classifying benign or malignant BC cases with regard to an improved accuracy and reduced False NegativeRate (FNR) using the Breast Cancer Wisconsin (Diagnostic) Dataset (WDBC). The findings reveal that a dense ANN with a single hidden layer including 15 neurons can reach a testing accuracy of 98.60% and a FNR of 0% on a scaled dataset. Incombination with several introduced improvement measures, a high degree of generalizability is associated with the model under the consideration of the relatively small dataset. As a result, this model outperforms not only clinical practitioners but also 72 classifiers from the recent literature.

Source at https://doi.org/10.33265/polar.v38.3380. Kongsfjorden, a fjord in north-western Svalbard, is characterized by large environmental gradients driven by meltwater processes along the margins of tidewater glaciers and the inflow of relatively warm Atlantic Water, the main heat source for the European Arctic. These factors make Kongsfjorden a key area to investigate changes in the polar climate–ocean–glacier system and to examine the resulting effects on the marine environment. The aim of this paper is to synthesize knowledge about the marine sedimentary environment in Kongsfjorden since the last deglaciation. Fjords act as natural sedimentary traps, archiving information about past and present environmental conditions and changes. Geological studies of Kongsfjorden have demonstrated a good potential for reconstructing palaeoenvironments and establishing baselines values for the natural climate changes in the Arctic. Palaeoceanographic reconstructions reveal rising water temperatures similar to modern temperatures ca. 12 000 years ago. The extent of warm Atlantic Water entering the fjords influences processes at, and the stability of, the margins of the tidewater glaciers. Enhanced inflow may cause accelerated glacial melting that, in consequence, leads to an increase in the sediment flux from the glacial catchments into the fjord, as observed ca. 12 000 years ago and at present. However, responses of sediment flux to modern environmental changes remain poorly understood, hence long-term and monitoring studies are needed to quantify and model the effects of climate warming on the sedimentary environment of Kongsfjorden.

Background: Patients diagnosed with haematological malignancies often undergo aggressive treatment protocols and experience treatment-related symptoms and side effects. These patients are often hospitalised for prolonged periods of time and thus at risk of losing physical function. Research has shown that it is important to be physically active and exercise to improve and maintain physical function, quality of life and to reduce fatigue. Motivating patients to adhere to being physically active during hospitalisation may be challenging. Few studies have investigated motivation for and barriers to physical activity or exercise among hospitalised patients with cancer. Objective: To uncover patients' motivation for and barriers towards participation in supervised training during admission to a haematological department. Methods & materials: A qualitative study with a phenomenological meaning condensation was performed including 12 inpatients. Six patients with and six patients without previous experience in attending supervised training in the department were interviewed. Interview data were analysed with phenomenological meaning condensation. Results: The study showed that patients are "the main coordinator of their rehabilitation". The patients had to motivate themselves and manage the barriers found in this study for participating in supervised training. Self-motivation and overcoming barriers were influenced by department routines, patient's habits as well as knowledge of and perception of being physically active and exercising. Patients' motivation for and barriers to participation in supervised training is described in the overall theme Main coordinator in own rehabilitationand the sub-themes Department routines, Patient's habitsas well as Knowledge and perception of the supervised training offer. Despite the uniform offer of physical training, patients themselves must thus maintain and plan their participation in the supervised training during admission. Conclusion: Inpatients participating in supervised training were all motivated and established habits supported them in remaining physically active during their course of disease. Increased support to in-patients who do not habitually participate in the training offer seems to contribute to reduce barriers to participation.

BACKGROUND: Recently, it has been established that the urine of a healthy adult bladder contains a microbiota and that urinary dysbiosis may be involved in the development of urinary tract diseases. The urinary microbiota and its relation to bladder health and disease in children is yet to be established. The objective of the present study was to investigate the voided urinary microbiota in asymptomatic prepubertal children.STUDY DESIGN: Thirty asymptomatic children (15 boys and 15 girls) participated in the study. Bacterial DNA in "clean-catch" midstream urine (CC MSU) samples was analysed using Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the V4 region of the bacterial 16 S rRNA gene. All children had normal bladder function as ensured by uroflowmetry, ultrasonic post-void residual, and frequency-volume charts. Bladder-related parameters and gender comparisons were analysed statistically by parametric and non-parametric tests. Alpha diversity, beta diversity, and a Venn diagram were used to analyse sequencing data.RESULTS: All CC MSU samples contained bacterial DNA. The voided urinary microbiota differed significantly between girls and boys in terms of operational taxonomic unit (OTU) richness, Shannon diversity index, and relative abundances of bacterial genera, but not for evenness. The urine of girls was dominated by Prevotella (18.2%), Porphyromonas (12.9%), Ezakiella (8.1%), Prevotella 6 (7.4%), and Dialister (7.0%). Porphyromonas (22.4%) was the most abundant genus in boys, followed by Ezakiella (12.0%), Campylobacter (11.6%), Prevotella (8.6%), and Dialister (3.7%). Girls had 10 unique core OTUs, whereas boys had no unique core OTUs. Porphyromonas appeared as a shared core OTU between genders.DISCUSSION: Contrary to previous findings, this study found significant differences in the voided urinary bacterial composition among asymptomatic prepubertal children. Moreover, the bacterial composition diverged from that found among healthy adults by other research groups. Among adults, the gender specific urinary microbiota has been hypothesised to be caused by anatomical differences in the reproductive organs and differences in sex hormone levels. This could also be evident for asymptomatic prepubertal children as sex hormone levels are different even at the prepubertal stage. The limitations of the study encompass small sample size and urine collection by CC MSU with risk of contamination from surrounding areas.CONCLUSIONS: This study documents that CC MSU samples of asymptomatic prepubertal children are not sterile. The composition of the voided urinary microbiota seems gender specific and unequal to that of healthy adults. The role of the urinary microbiota in paediatric urological disorders should be considered in future studies.

A complex tectonic history and global climate change has influenced the land masses bordering the Arctic ocean. On land tectonic movement affects runoff patterns, local hydology such as increased precipitation and local surface elevation, which again affects landform development, coastline distribution, discharge routing and vegetation distribution. Land- atmosphere- biosphere links and feedback loop with the ocean are continuously refined for use in earth system models for the youngest part of geological history. With access to large data sets, improved technology and new knowledge and methodologies it is now increasingly possible to also reconstruct direct surface response to tectonic movement in deep time.The Paleogene Central Tertiary Basin, Svalbard, Norway formed in response to the complex opening and collision at the entrance to the Arctic Ocean, causing uplift in the west and basin formation and fill in the Central Spitsbergen area. Well exposed outcrops and extensive work in the area for decades provides a framework of palaeogeographic change within the basin. The basin deposits range from continental to deep marine with changing coastline positions largely caused by tectonic activity. The timing of the basin development coincides with the time period immediately before and after the PETM and thus provides an example of a terrestrial system in a warm Arctic. Syndepositional volcanic eruptions in the Arctic area are reflected in tephra layers, which also provide opportunity for correlation and absolute time estimates (Jones et al. 2017).We use data from two formations deposited within the basin as a field laboratory for surface response to tectonic and climate change in the Arctic. The Paleocene Firkanten Fm, is deposited during the early stages of basin formation and pre-PETM. The Eocene Aspelintoppen Formation, is deposited during late stages of basin filling and is post-PETM. Both formations are characterized by continental to paralic deposits and contain traces of palaeovegetation such as coal seams, palaeosols and fossil leaves. A large amount of exploration drill holes through the Firkanten Fm provide a unique insight into the palaeotopography and depositional trends relative to topography during deposition (Marshall et al., submitted). The presence of coal seams allows for direct reconstruction of vegetation (peat bogs) and interaction between hydrology and deposition. The Aspelintoppen Formation comprises a thick succession of channel and floodplain deposits and reflects a balance between sediment supply and accommodation. We use virtual outcrops to provide 3D architecture from inaccessible mountain sides to improve the possibilities for quantification of precipitation and discharge parameters from the basin.References:Jones, M.T., Augland, L.E.,, Shephard, G.E., Burgess, S.D., Eliassen, G.T., Jochmann, M.M., Friis, B., Jerram, D.A., Planke, S. & Svensen, H.H., 2017: Constraining shifts in North Atlantic plate motions during the Palaeocene by U-Pb dating of Svalbard tephra layers. Nature Scientific Reports 7: 6822 DOI:10.1038/s41598-017-06170-7Marshall, C., Jochmann, M., Jensen, M., Spiro, B.F., Olaussen, S., Large, D.J.: Time, hydrologic landscape and the long-term storage of peatland carbon in sedimentary basins. Submitted to Journal of Geophysical Research - Earth Surface

Peatland carbon may enter long-term storage in sedimentary basins preserved as either coal or lignite. To understand the process by which this happens requires extrapolation of our understanding of...

Peatland carbon may enter long‐term storage in sedimentary basins preserved as either coal or lignite. The time required to account for the carbon in 1 – 10 m thick coal seams must represent 105 to 106 years, an order of magnitude more than previously assumed. To understand the process by which this happens requires extrapolation of our understanding of peatland carbon accumulation over timescales that greatly exceed those of Holocene peat. We analyse the consequences of extrapolating peat growth to periods of 106 years. We deduce that that key to sustained peat growth are hydrologic landscapes that can maintain a saturated peat body above the level of clastic deposition. Contrary to current stratigraphic frameworks we conclude that the generation of accommodation space at low rates of 0.1 to 0.2 mm/yr can adequately accommodate thick peat accumulation over periods >105 yrs. However, generation of accommodation space at rates >0.5 mm/yr cannot. The low rates that permit accommodation of thick peat are typical of the rates of subsidence in specific tectonic settings, particularly foreland basins, and this has implications for our understanding of the links between terrestrial carbon burial, tectonics and the carbon cycle. The long‐term stability of extensive peatland required to form coal also requires sediment bypass, modifying basin wide sediment transport and deposition. Limits to peatland growth under very low accommodation rates must exist but the relative importance of the limiting process is not understood. Finally, we discuss the consequences of these factors for predicting the future of the peatland carbon reservoir.

Coastal sands are biocatalytic filters for dissolved and particulate organic matter of marine and terrestrial origin, thus, acting as centers of organic matter transformation. At high temporal resolution, we accessed the variability of benthic bacterial communities over two annual cycles at Helgoland (North Sea), and compared it with seasonality of communities in Isfjorden (Svalbard, 78°N) sediments, where primary production does not occur during winter. Benthic community structure remained stable in both, temperate and polar sediments on the level of cell counts and 16S rRNA-based taxonomy. Actinobacteriota of uncultured Actinomarinales and Microtrichales were a major group, with 8 ± 1% of total reads (Helgoland) and 31 ± 6% (Svalbard). Their high activity (frequency of dividing cells 28%) and in situ cell numbers of >10% of total microbes in Svalbard sediments, suggest Actinomarinales and Microtrichales as key heterotrophs for carbon mineralization. Even though Helgoland and Svalbard sampling sites showed no phytodetritus-driven changes of the benthic bacterial community structure, they harbored significantly different communities (p r = 0.963). The temporal stability of benthic bacterial communities is in stark contrast to the dynamic succession typical of coastal waters, suggesting that pelagic and benthic bacterial communities respond to phytoplankton productivity very differently.

This systematic review sheds light on the link between community-based rehabilitation (CBR) approaches and outdoor settings. The aim was to examine and synthesise qualitative knowledge on people with disabilities’ and professionals’ experiences and perceptions regarding facilitators and barriers to CBR approaches in outdoor settings. The Interpretive Description methodology guided the interpretive synthesis. Nine articles met the inclusion criteria. The synthesis revealed four themes: Ability to Overcome Challenges, Outdoor Adaptive Activities, Inclusive Social Communities and Culture of Reciprocal Interaction. The link between CBR approaches and outdoor settings seemed to empower participation opportunities and social inclusion of people with disabilities, which stimulated equality among all people involved. However, to transfer potential benefits into society, beyond the formalised programme contexts, more focus is needed on creation of inclusive environments. These inclusive environments entail cultural as well as physical changes together with political commitment.Points of interest People with disabilities are often restricted by physical barriers and misconceptions about their abilities when they attempt to participate in the community. This systematic review found that rehabilitation based in the community with focus on outdoor adaptive activities, gave people with disabilities an opportunity to learn how to overcome challenges of everyday living. Outdoor adaptive activities serve as a social gathering point, where people of all abilities can share experiences and be equally included in social communities. Professionals play a key role to ensure safety and provide social support, but they express a lack of experience and shared direction on what this approach to rehabilitation involves. This study recommends that inclusive environments and political commitment are necessary for a cultural development towards more equality in relations between all people in society.

STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review of qualitative studies.OBJECTIVE: To synthesise qualitative research exploring the experiences and perspectives of persons with spinal cord injury (SCI), relatives and health professionals concerning goal setting in SCI rehabilitation.METHODS: Five electronic databases were searched. A search strategy was constructed with key concepts identified using PICo (Population, phenomena of Interest and Context). Peer reviewed studies complying with the inclusion criteria were selected. Interpretive Description methodology guided analysis and synthesis of the findings.RESULTS: The search yielded 427 records. Of 12 full text studies assessed for eligibility, four were included describing goal setting in SCI rehabilitation from the perspective of persons with SCI and health professionals. Persons with SCI described a need for goal setting to be related to their everyday life, whereas the health professionals tended to use the hospital setting as their point of reference. Persons with SCI emphasised the importance of being self-directed and taking an active role in goal setting and rehabilitation. No studies presented the perspective of relatives.CONCLUSIONS: This review illuminates the divergence in the understanding of goal setting between persons with SCI and health professionals. Goal setting in SCI rehabilitation often directly reflects physical functioning goals set by the health professionals, which does not prepare persons with SCI for everyday life and emotional issues. There is lack of focus on goals addressing psychosocial components such as family issues and change of roles. A shared process with goal setting relevant to persons with SCI and their everyday life is needed.

Considerando a importância dos dados na realização de análises de pesquisas e a possibilidade de uso e reuso de conjunto de dados, torna-se relevante utilizar ferramentas que auxiliem a gerenciar os dados de pesquisa coletados no desenvolvimento de projetos de pesquisa, bem como reunir, em um mesmo local, os artigos científicos, trabalhos apresentados em eventos, dissertações e teses, dentre outras publicações. Neste contexto, os repositórios de dados de pesquisa científica podem organizar, armazenar e permitir o acesso e o uso de resultados apresentados em diferentes formatos. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo compreender e investigar as características inerentes aos repositórios de dados de pesquisa atrelados aos elementos dos Sistemas de Informação de pesquisas correntes (CRIS - Current Research Information System). Tem-se como objetivo específico, analisar a ferramenta DSpace-CRIS para a implantação de um repositório de dados, garantindo a disponibilização de informações e dados relacionadas aos projetos de pesquisa, aos pesquisadores, às instituições envolvidas e às publicações, dentre outras. Para tanto, buscou-se embasamento teórico sobre Dados de Pesquisa, Metadados e Padrões de Metadados para Dados de Pesquisa, Perfil de aplicação, Curadoria Digital, Plano de Gestão de Dados, Repositórios de Dados de Pesquisa e informações técnicas sobre o DSpace-CRIS. Desse modo, foi possível a implantação de um repositório de dados de pesquisa utilizando o sistema de informação de pesquisas correntes - CRIS, para o Grupo de Pesquisa Novas Tecnologias em Informação. Como resultado, foi possível perceber que as funcionalidades dessa ferramenta atendem as necessidades e as características das publicações de dados de pesquisa como o enriquecimento de uma produção intelectual, permitindo gerenciar dados e informações. Nesse sentido verifica-se que o DSpace-CRIS é uma opção favorável para ser utilizada pelos grupos de pesquisa, que neste repositório permitiu a integração de projetos tanto com as produções intelectuais quanto com os dados coletados durante as pesquisas, possibilitando o (re) uso dos dados de pesquisa, a interoperabilidade entre diferentes ambientes e a disseminação dos recursos gerados pela comunidade do GPNTI.

Sedimentological, morphological and chronological studies of the Van Mijenfjorden region, Svalbard suggest numerous glacial advances seen in terrestrial and marine archives spanning from the Late Weichselian to the Little Ice Age. Only one ice-marginal deposit from the retreat phase of the fjord glacier is found along the entire fjord system. The deposit is located at a topographically controlled position near a bedrock threshold at the mouth of the fjord. Glacial records from tributary valleys and fjords correspond to varying sizes and styles of ice flow related to the deglaciation of the area during the Lateglacial and early Holocene as well as the regrowth of glacier systems during the early Holocene, the Neoglacial and the Little Ice Age. During the Younger Dryas, as the Van Mijen-fjord glacier retreated, a glacier advance took place in a southern tributary, probably as a dynamic response to the retreat in the fjord. Another glacier advance from a northern tributary valley took place during the early Holocene. This glacier advance extended to a position well outside the Little Ice Age (LIA) margins during a period in time when marine proxies suggest warm regional fjords. A Neoglacial glacier advance is identified in a third and inner tributary which also extends further than the subsequent LIA maximum. The Paula glacier system in the inner part of the fjord surged at least five times in the last 650 years, with each subsequent surge advance exhibiting less extensive maximum than the previous, resulting in an overall decrease in mass of the Paula glacier.

Purpose: To classify short-term and long-term rehabilitation goals and analyse how they capture functioning in a biopsychosocial International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) perspective. Materials and methods: A retrospective study was conducted at two specialised outpatient multidisciplinary rehabilitation centres for polio survivors and accident victims. Rehabilitation goals extracted from patient journals were linked to the ICF according to linking rules. Results: One hundred patients were included. Four hundred and eighty-seven short-term and long-term rehabilitation goals were linked to the ICF. Fifty-seven per cent were linked to Activity and Participation, 22% to Body Functions, 1% to Body Structure, 4% to Environmental Factors, 4% to Personal Factors, whereas 11% were not defined and 1% was not covered. The identified categories covered all ICF domains. The most frequent categories for short-term goals were d450 “Walking” and d570 “Looking after one’s health.” For long-term goals, d850 “Remunerative Employment” and d920 “Recreation and Leisure” were the most frequent. Conclusion: The study showed challenges in capturing all aspects of biopsychosocial functioning in rehabilitation goals, particularly Contextual Factors. This study indicates that rehabilitation goals capture capacity rather than performance. Further research could highlight if functioning is captured in the rehabilitation plan, and in this way include both capacity and performance.Implications for rehabilitation Health professionals in a post-acute or long-term rehabilitation setting should pay attention to capacity and performance when rehabilitation goals are set. The rehabilitation plan should contain goals and a description of patient’s contextual factors and both should be equally valued and combined in a description of functioning. In a post-acute or long-term rehabilitation setting short-term and long-term goals are affected by the context. A longer rehabilitation intervention lead to goals linked to activity and participation.

Resumo Os estudos da Arquitetura da Informação e da Web Semântica se mostram cada vez mais necessários, pela exigência de compreender o contexto da informação, tanto da perspectiva dos usuários humanos, quanto dos usuários não-humanos/ máquinas. Esses dois campos de estudos contribuem para aprimorar a forma como os conteúdos informacionais são apresentados e utilizados nos ambientes digitais. Assim, este trabalho identificou e analisou as relações entre os sistemas da Arquitetura da Informação e os recursos da Web Semântica, apresentando como cada sistema da Arquitetura da Informação pode ser aprimorado com a incorporação de tecnologias da Web Semântica. Para tal, utilizou-se uma metodologia qualitativa, de cunho exploratório e descritivo, relacionando os cinco sistemas da Arquitetura da Informação com os conceitos, as tecnologias e as aplicações da Web Semântica. Como resultados, foi possível verificar que todos os sistemas da Arquitetura da Informação podem ser enriquecidos com as tecnologias da Web Semântica. Desta forma, concluiu-se que a aplicação de tecnologias da Web Semântica nos sistemas da Arquitetura da Informação contribui para estruturar semanticamente os ambientes informacionais digitais. Abstract The researches of Information Architecture and Semantic Web are increasingly necessary, due to the need to have an understanding of the context of the information, both from the perspective of human users and non-humans/machines users. These two study fields contribute to improving the way informational content is presented and used in digital environments. Thus, this paper identified and analyzed the relationships between Information Architecture systems and Semantic Web resources, presenting how each Information Architecture system can benefit from the incorporation of Semantic Web technologies. For this, a qualitative methodology was used, with a descriptive and exploratory approach, relating the five systems of Information Architecture with the concepts, technologies and applications of the Semantic Web. As results, it was possible to verify that all systems of Information Architecture can be enriched with Semantic Web technologies. In this way, it was concluded that the application of Semantic Web technologies in Information Architecture systems contributes to a semantic structure of digital information environments. Resumen Los estudios de Arquitectura de la Información y Web Semántica son cada vez más necesarios, debido a la exigencia de comprender el contexto de la información desde la perspectiva de usuarios humanos y usuarios no humanos/ máquinas. Estos dos campos de estudio contribuyen a mejorar la forma en que son presentados y utilizados los contenidos en ambientes informacionales digitales. Por lo tanto, este trabajo identificó y analizó las relaciones entre los sistemas de la Arquitectura de la Información y los recursos de la Web Semántica, mostrando cómo cada sistema de la Arquitectura de la Información puede mejorarse con el uso de las tecnologías de la Web Semántica. Para ello, se utilizó una metodología cualitativa, de carácter exploratorio y descriptivo, relacionando los cinco sistemas de Arquitectura de la Información con los conceptos, tecnologías y aplicaciones de la Web Semántica. Como resultados, fue posible verificar que todos los sistemas de la Arquitectura de la Información pueden ser enriquecidos con las tecnologías de la Web Semántica. De esta forma, se concluyó que la aplicación de las tecnologías de la Web Semántica en los sistemas de la Arquitectura de la Información contribuye para una estructura semántica de los ambientes informacionales digitales.

Three shallow basins in Huizhou West Lake, China, were compared with respect to phosphorus (P) cycling between sediment and water, binding forms of P in sediment, and macrophyte biomass. The basins had similar sediments and similar depths, but two of the basins were restored by carp fish removal and macrophyte transplantation. These two basins have had clear water, low Chl.a and high macrophyte coverage for seven and ten years, whilst the unrestored control basin had turbid water and higher Chl.a. Judged by diffusive ammonium efflux, sediments in restored basins had higher mineralization rates than the unrestored basin, but the release of total dissolved P were more similar. However, sediments of restored basins released primarily dissolved organic P, while the sediment from the unrestored basin only released dissolved inorganic P. One third of the P release in the unrestored basin occurred from resuspended sediment, while this pathway contributed less than 3% in restored basins where resuspension rates were 10 times lower and the surface sediments affinity for phosphate higher. Besides from the presence of carps in the unrestored basin, the main differences were a large pool of P (700–850 mg P m −2) in macrophyte biomass and a smaller pool (∼150 mg m −2) as loosely adsorbed P in the sediment of restored basins than in the unrestored (0 in macrophytes and 350 mg P m −2 as loosely adsorbed). Also, a tendency of higher concentrations of oxidized iron was observed in the surface sediment from restored basins. The study underlines the potential of trophic structure changes to alter internal nutrient cycling in shallow lakes.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:27:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-01-01 The researches of Information Architecture and Semantic Web are increasingly necessary, due to the need to have an understanding of the context of the information, both from the perspective of human users and non-humans/machines users. These two study fields contribute to improving the way informational content is presented and used in digital environments. Thus, this paper identified and analyzed the relationships between Information Architecture systems and Semantic Web resources, presenting how each Information Architecture system can benefit from the incorporation of Semantic Web technologies. For this, a qualitative methodology was used, with a descriptive and exploratory approach, relating the five systems of Information Architecture with the concepts, technologies and applications of the Semantic Web. As results, it was possible to verify that all systems of Information Architecture can be enriched with Semantic Web technologies. In this way, it was concluded that the application of Semantic Web technologies in Information Architecture systems contributes to a semantic structure of digital information environments. Ciência da Informação Universidade Estadual Paulista. Bacharel em Ciência da Computação Centro Universitário Eurípides de Marília Universidade Estadual Paulista. Magister em Ingeniería énfasis Electrónica Universidad del Valle. Especialista en Redes de Comunicación Universidad del Valle. Ingeniera de Sistemas Universidad Industrial de Santander. Profesora titular tiempo completo Universidad del Cauca. Popayán Ciencia da Informação. Arquivologia Universidade Estadual Paulista Universidade Estadual Paulista Ciência da Computação Universidade de São Paulo Licenciatura em Matemática Universidade Estadual Paulista Ciência da Informação Universidade Estadual Paulista. Superior de Tecnologia em Processamento de Dados Universidade de Marília Universidade de São Paulo Ciência da Informação Universidade Estadual Paulista. Bacharel em Ciência da Computação Centro Universitário Eurípides de Marília Universidade Estadual Paulista. Magister em Ingeniería énfasis Electrónica Universidad del Valle. Especialista en Redes de Comunicación Universidad del Valle. Ingeniera de Sistemas Universidad Industrial de Santander. Profesora titular tiempo completo Universidad del Cauca. Popayán Ciencia da Informação. Arquivologia Universidade Estadual Paulista Universidade Estadual Paulista Ciência da Computação Universidade de São Paulo Licenciatura em Matemática Universidade Estadual Paulista Ciência da Informação Universidade Estadual Paulista. Superior de Tecnologia em Processamento de Dados Universidade de Marília Universidade de São Paulo

No contexto da Arquitetura da Informação é necessário considerar a tríade usuário, contexto e conteúdo, como uma ecologia informacional. Assim, os aportes teóricos desta disciplina junto com o uso das tecnologias podem auxiliar na compreensão do comportamento de usuário em ambientes informacionais digitais. Nesse sentido, a tecnologia de eye tracking permite a identificação da interação do usuário, a partir do rastreamento do olhar. Desta forma, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo, utilizar a tecnologia do eye tracking para identificar e para analisar as interações e o comportamento de usuários no processo de localização de uma informação específica em websites de um mesmo contexto. Para tal, utilizamos uma metodologia exploratória e aplicada, em que se buscou na literatura o referencial teórico, sendo aplicado procedimentos práticos com indivíduos, visando analisar o comportamento informacional deles. Por meio deste estudo, gerou-se um conjunto de informações qualitativas e quantitativas, que possibilitou uma compreensão embasada no comportamento dos usuários ao realizar uma tarefa de localização de um determinado elemento dentro de websites de um contexto definido. As análises das métricas do eye tracking permitiram encontrar uma relação entre o olhar do usuário e os elementos da interface, que podem ser considerados para (re) construir os projetos de Arquitetura da Informação.Palavras-chave: Arquitetura da informação. Usabilidade. Experiência do Usuário. Eye tracking. Métricas.Link: http://www.periodicos.ufpb.br/ojs/index.php/itec/article/view/38646/20153

Submitted by Ana Maria Jensen da Costa Ferreira (anajfcferreira@gmail.com) on 2018-11-02T05:17:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FERREIRA Contribuições da Experiência do Usuário para a Arquitetura da Informação CD.pdf: 2808039 bytes, checksum: fa379f55ed00d9e3d7647a1bd2c26fab (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Satie Tagara (satie@marilia.unesp.br) on 2018-11-05T18:38:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ferreira_amjfc_dr_mar.pdf: 2808039 bytes, checksum: fa379f55ed00d9e3d7647a1bd2c26fab (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-05T18:38:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ferreira_amjfc_dr_mar.pdf: 2808039 bytes, checksum: fa379f55ed00d9e3d7647a1bd2c26fab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-27 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Considerando as facilidades de acesso à informação por meio da internet, bem como a evolução constante das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação, reflete-se sobre como os ambientes informacionais digitais devem ser projetados para atender as necessidades de informação de usuários e contemplar suas expectativas no momento da interação. Desse modo, defende-se a tese de que os estudos de Experiência do Usuário podem contribuir para a Arquitetura da Informação no projeto e no desenvolvimento de ambientes informacionais digitais. Assim, na busca de encontrar soluções para o desenvolvimento de ambientes web, com funcionalidades que possam contemplar as habilidades, competências e as preferências dos usuários, este trabalho objetiva: Investigar a contribuição da Experiência do Usuário para a Arquitetura da Informação no projeto e no desenvolvimento de ambientes informacionais digitais com foco nas qualidades objetivas e subjetivas no uso. A partir de revisão bibliográfica, no contexto da Ciência da Informação e seu paradigma sociocognitivo, os objetivos específicos delimitados são: estudar a evolução histórica e as diferentes definições da Experiência do Usuário; analisar os modelos, métodos e ferramentas de avaliação de Experiência do Usuário; apresentar a Arquitetura da Informação Clássica e os seus sistemas e a posição da Experiência do Usuário em relação com a Arquitetura da Informação. Considerando que as experiências são individuais e estão relacionadas com os aspectos culturais, sociais, emocionais, tecnológicos, e com a qualidade do produto, tanto para a AI como para a UX ao desenvolver um produto ou serviço digital, torna-se necessário pesquisas de conteúdo, contexto e usuário, com o intuito de alinhar as estratégias de AI e UX com vistas à interação do usuário com o ambiente. A percepção do usuário no momento da interação com um produto, serviço ou aparato tecnológico, se relaciona com as qualidades objetivas e subjetivas do produto bem como tais qualidades no seu uso. Esses aspectos, resultado da interação, podem ser detectados por meio de pesquisas sob a ótica da Experiência do Usuário e podem auxiliar no desenvolvimento de um projeto de Arquitetura da Informação. Um projeto de AI é composto por pesquisa, estratégia, design, implementação, com apoio da administração, sendo assim, percebeu-se que por meio da pesquisa de UX é possível determinar e indicar na estratégia as características de qualidade que devem ser contempladas pelo design e implementação do ambiente. Nesse sentido, conclui-se que a Experiência do Usuário pode contribuir com a Arquitetura da Informação, auxiliando a identificar as preferências dos usuários e interferir no desenvolvimento de produtos e serviços, ambientes informacionais digitais, sugerindo recursos que explorem a criatividade e a emoção, aprimorando a experiência a fim de atender as expectativas do usuário. Considering the facilities of access to information through the Internet, as well as the constant evolution of Information and Communication Technologies, it’s possible to reflect on how the digital information environments must be designed to meet users’ information needs and to contemplate their expectations at the time of interaction. In this way, the thesis defended is that the User Experience (UX) studies can help the planning of these environments and to contribute to the Information Architecture (IA). Thus, in seeking to find solutions to web environments development, with features that can contemplate the abilities, skills and preferences of users; this study aimed to investigate the UX contribution to the IA in project and development digital information environments with a focus on objective and subjective qualities in use. From literature review in the context of Information Science and its sociocognitive paradigm, the objectives of this research were: to study the historical evolution and the different settings of the UX; to analyze the models, methods and UX’s evaluation tools; to present the Classical Information Architecture, its systems and the position of the User Experience related to Information Architecture. Considering that experiences are individual and are related to cultural, social, emotional, and technological aspects, and also to the product quality for both IA and UX to develop a product or digital service; research are necessary on content, context and users’ particularities. Aiming to align IA and UX strategies with a view to user interaction with the environment. The perception of the user when interacting with a product, service or technological apparatus, relates to the objective and subjective qualities of the product and also to such usability qualities. These aspects, as result of the interaction, can be detected through research from the UX’s perspective and can assist on developing IA projects. An IA project is composed of research, strategy, design, implementation, with the administration support. Given that, it was noted that through UX research it is possible to determine a strategy to indicate the quality characteristics that should be contemplated by the design and implementation of the environment. In this sense, it was concluded that the User Experience can support IA, by helping it to identify user’s preferences and to interfere the product, services, and digital information environments development. By suggesting resources to explore creativity and emotion, by improving an experience to meet user expectations.

Background: Formalized and systematic assessment of survivorship care and rehabilitation needs is prerequisite for ensuring cancer patients sufficient help and support through their cancer trajectory. Patients are often uncertain as to how to express and address their survivorship care and rehabilitation needs, and little is known about specific, unmet needs and the plans necessary to meet them. There is a call for both ensuring survivorship care and rehabilitation for cancer patients in need and further for documenting the specific needs related to the cancer disease and its treatment. Thus the aim of this study was to describe specific survivorship care and rehabilitation needs and plans as stated by patients with cancer at hospitals when diagnosed and when primary care survivorship care and rehabilitation begins. Methods: Needs assessment forms from cancer patients at two hospitals and two primary care settings were analyzed. The forms included stated needs and survivorship care and rehabilitation plans. All data were categorized using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Results: Eighty-nine patients at hospitals and 99 in primary care, stated their needs. Around 50% of the patients completed a survivorship care and rehabilitation plan. In total, 666 (mean 7.5) needs were stated by hospital patients and 836 (mean 8.0) by those in primary care. The needs stated were primarily within the ICF component “body functions and structure”, and the most frequent needs were (hospitals/primary care) fatigue (57%/67%), reduced muscle strength (55%/67%) and being worried (37%/36%). Conclusions: The results underpin an urgent need for a systematic procedure to assess needs in clinical practice where cancer patients are being left without survivorship care and rehabilitation needs assessment. Gaining knowledge on needs assessment and the detailed description of needs and plans can facilitate targeted interventions. The findings indicate an urgent need to change the practice culture to be systematic in addressing and identifying survivorship care needs among patients with cancer. Further the findings call for considering the development of a new needs assessment form with involvement of both patients and healthcare professionals. J Clin Med Res. 2017;9(10):864-871 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jocmr3160w

Introducao: A Ciencia da Informacao tem como objeto de pesquisa a informacao em diferentes estagios e formas, dentre os quais destacam-se a organizacao, o armazenamento, a representacao e a disseminacao, com a finalidade de permitir o acesso e uso. As Tecnologias de Informacao e Comunicacao propiciam uma maior visibilidade aos ambientes informacionais digitais, tais como: Bibliotecas, Arquivos e Museus. Objetivo: Analisar o Web site oficial do American Museum of Natural History considerando os principios da Museologia Contemporânea e as recomendacoes de Encontrabilidade da Informacao. Metodologia: De natureza qualitativa, exploratoria e analitica com o embasamento teorico da Ciencia da Informacao, Museologia Contemporânea e Encontrabilidade da Informacao. A escolha do Web site do American Museum of Natural History se justifica por se tratar de um museu de referencia mundial em Historia Natural. Procurou-se identificar as formas de apresentacao das informacoes com relacao aos principios da Museologia Contemporânea apresentados por Lubinski (2001) e as recomendacoes de Encontrabilidade da Informacao de Vechiato e Vidotti (2014). Resultado: O Web site do American Museum of Natural History esta estruturado segundo as caracteristicas de um museu contemporâneo e contempla as recomendacoes da Encontrabilidade da Informacao. Conclusao: As recomendacoes de Encontrabilidade de Informacao podem ser aplicadas em Web sites de museus e o American Museum of Natural History em sua versao para Web encontra-se adequadamente estruturado, de modo a promover a utilizacao de seus produtos e servicos, a incentivar a visita ao museu, a propiciar a construcao de conhecimento. Palavras-chave: Ciencia da Informacao. Museologia. Ambientes Digitais. Encontrabilidade da Informacao. Link: http://www.uel.br/revistas/uel/index.php/infoprof/article/view/26774/20510

Central Tertiary Basin (CTB) coals from a variety of palaeogeographic conditions within the Longyear and Verkhnij seams, were sampled to assess the relationship between the petroleum present, the remaining generation potential and coal geochemistry in order to improve the spatial predictability of petroleum resources within the basin. Vitrinite reflectance (VR) values from the CTB coals have been shown to be suppressed (Marshall et al., 2015b). This study attempts to quantify and correct for this suppression effect by applying the Lo (1993) method (LoVR), which uses Hydrogen Index (HI) values to modify VR data, and the coal Rank(Sr) scale of Suggate (2000, 2002), a technique not affected by suppression. In addition, the oil generation and expulsion thresholds for the CTB coals were investigated, with discussions on oil potential versus marine influence upon the mires in which the coals formed. A pseudo-van Krevelen diagram shows that the majority of the coals plot on the Type II kerogen line, while the remainder plot between the Types II and III kerogen lines, with HI between 151 and 410 mg HC/g TOC; however, maceral analysis shows that Type III kerogen predominates. This is attributed to the presence of abundant fluorescing (oil-prone) vitrinites. The LoVR, Tmax and Rank(Sr) parameters all show that maturity increases from basin margins towards basin centre (i.e. from Bassen to Lunckefjellet, to Breinosa and Colesdalen) and indicate that all the coals are within the oil generation window. The marginal samples at Bassen are within the early mature stage of the oil window (i.e. ~ 0.7% RO); meaning the threshold for oil generation in the basin could not be clearly defined. However, the observed maturation trend somewhat parallels the maturation pathway of the New Zealand Coal Band (NZ Coal Band) and the “envelope” of the Sykes and Snowdon (2002) NZ coal data-set; therefore, it is considered that the oil generation threshold for the CTB coals is likely at Rank(Sr) ~ 9–10, Tmax ~ 420–430 °C in line with the observed rise in Bitumen Index (BI). Some of the Lunckefjellet coals and all the Breinosa and Colesdalen coals have either reached or progressed beyond the threshold for oil expulsion as indicated by the peak in HI at Rank(Sr) ~ 11–12, LoVR ~ 0.75–0.85% RO, Tmax ~ 430–440 °C. The peak in BI at Rank(Sr) ~ 12.5–13.5 suggests that some of the Lunckefjellet and Breinosa coals, and all the Colesdalen coals have reached the “effective oil window”. Total sulphur (ST) contents range between 0.46 and 12.05% indicating non-marine to strong marine influence upon precursor peats, with ST contents of the Longyear seam appearing to record instances of coastal retreat associated with base level rise. Marine deposition seems to significantly control the distribution of oil-prone coals within seams and across the CTB. The levels of marine influence (as indicated by ST content) show clear positive relationships between BI and HI within the Bassen samples because they have not started expelling oil. Conversely, the levels of marine influence show clear negative relationships with BI and HI within the Colesdalen samples because they have commenced oil expulsion, and probably reached the “effective oil window”. The more marine influenced coals appear to have commenced petroleum generation relatively earlier, which is a plausible explanation why the coals from the Lunckefjellet locality appear to be at different stages within the oil window.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has evolved as an alarming public health thread due to its global spread as hospital and community pathogen. Despite this role, a scientometric analysis has not been performed yet. Therefore, the NewQIS platform was used to conduct a combined density-equalizing mapping and scientometric study. As database, the Web of Science was used, and all entries between 1961 and 2007 were analyzed. In total, 7671 entries were identified. Density equalizing mapping demonstrated a distortion of the world map for the benefit of the USA as leading country with a total output of 2374 publications, followed by the UK (1030) and Japan (862). Citation rate analysis revealed Portugal as leading country with a rate of 35.47 citations per article, followed by New Zealand and Denmark. Country cooperation network analyses showed 743 collaborations with US-UK being most frequent. Network citation analyses indicated the publications that arose from the cooperation of USA and France as well as USA and Japan as the most cited (75.36 and 74.55 citations per collaboration article, respectively). The present study provides the first combined density-equalizing mapping and scientometric analysis of MRSA research. It illustrates the global MRSA research architecture. It can be assumed that this highly relevant topic for public health will achieve even greater dimensions in the future.

Direct measurement of chemical constituents in complex biologic matrices without the use of analyte specific reagents could be a step forward toward the simplification of clinical biochemistry. Problems related to reagents such as production errors, improper handling, and lot-to-lot variations would be eliminated as well as errors occurring during assay execution. We describe and validate a reagent free method for direct measurement of six analytes in human plasma based on Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).Blood plasma is analyzed without any sample preparation. FTIR spectrum of the raw plasma is recorded in a sampling cuvette specially designed for measurement of aqueous solutions. For each analyte, a mathematical calibration process is performed by a stepwise selection of wavelengths giving the optimal least-squares correlation between the measured FTIR signal and the analyte concentration measured by conventional clinical reference methods. The developed calibration algorithms are subsequently evaluated for their capability to predict the concentration of the six analytes in blinded patient samples.The correlation between the six FTIR methods and corresponding reference methods were 0.87R(2)1.00. The interassay imprecision meets international quality criteria for all the six analytes. The linearity of the FTIR methods extends over the clinically significant concentration ranges. Visible hemolysis and icterus have some influence on the measurements. Plasma samples can be stored at 2-8°C for at least 8 days before the analysis.The developed FTIR methods use a simple and robust technology to achieve stable and accurate results that meet international quality criteria for the measurement of glucose, triglycerides, urea, cholesterol, albumin and total protein in human plasma.

Investigations in sections along the rivers Severnaya Dvina and Vaga, and morphological mapping based on a new digital elevation model and Landsat imagery, allow for a reinterpretation of the extent of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). The reconstruction provides a much better link between stratigraphical and morphological expression of glaciation than previous proposals. Most striking is the configuration of long, low-gradient ice-lobes (ice-streams) extending for some 300–400 km up the wide and smooth river valleys. Their extremely low surface gradients are evidenced by glacial trimlines that formed along the sides of the ice-lobes in contact with the gentle valley slopes. In the main valleys, end moraines marking terminal positions are present, whereas drumlins are rare in the peripheral areas of the ice sheet but found in some tributary valleys at somewhat higher elevations. Large drumlin fields, however, are found farther up-ice. The glacial sediment succession is composed of waterlain sediments and tills. The sediments provide evidence of distal ice damming, glacier overriding and retreat, and finally distally glaciolacustrine sedimentation and lake drainage. The diamicton unit associated with the LGM shows evidence of basal coupling, although more striking is the abundant evidence for ice–bed decoupling. These include in situ waterlain sediments within tills, and clastic sills running along the till/substrate contact showing lift-off. These features indicate that the weight of the glacier lobes was, to a large extent, carried by pore-water pressure in subglacial sediments, and that subglacial shear and erosion were moderate. Thus, fast ice flow in the lobes is envisaged. The balance between glacier weight and pore-water pressure was probably maintained over time by the buoyancy effect of glaciers advancing into proglacial lakes. Subglacial lakes may have formed by capture of proglacial lakes during glacial advance. The combination of low-gradient ice and decoupled beds indicate that glacier advance and extent was largely controlled by lake levels and topographic thresholds. This is taken to indicate that steeper-gradient ice much farther upstream was providing the gravitational push. A presumably abrupt change in ice-surface profile is supported by the mapped distribution of glacial bedforms. The model presented herein potentially has wide applicability for large parts of northern Russia as the topographic setting and glacier advance in lakes across fine-grained low-permeable sediments provide very similar conditions.

The Late Pleistocene stratigraphy from the Severnaya Dvina-Vychegda region of northwestern Russia is revised based on investigations of new localities, revisiting earlier localities, introduction of about 110 new OSL dates and burial depth corrections of earlier published OSL dates, in addition to six new radiocarbon dates. Most of the OSL samples studied here are from fluvial and subaquaeous sediments, which we found to be well bleached. Six chronostratigraphical units and their sedimentary environment are described, with the oldest unit consisting of pre-Eemian glacial beds. For the first time, Early Weichselian sediments are documented from the region and a fluvial environment with some vegetation and permafrost conditions is suggested to have persisted from the end of the Eemian until at least about 92 ka ago. The period in which a Middle Weichselian White Sea Lake could have existed is constrained to 67−62 ka, but as the lake level never reached the thresholds of the drainage basin, the lake probably existed only for a short interval within this time-span. Blocking and reversal of fluvial drainage started again around 21−20 ka ago when the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet advanced into the area, reaching its maximum 17−15 ka ago. At that time, an ice-dammed lake reached its maximum water level, which was around 135 m above present sea level. Drainage of the lake started shortly after 15 ka ago, and the lake was emptied within 700 years. Severe periglacial conditions, with permafrost and aeolian activity, prevailed in the area until about 10.7 ka.

Introdução: Os indivíduos nascidos a partir da década de 1990 acompanham a evolução tecnológica naturalmente e aprendem a utilizar os recursos tecnológicos que têm acesso antes mesmo de aprenderem a ler ou a escrever. Nesse sentido, a literatura os considera nativos digitais ou mesmo ‘geração Google’. Contudo, tem-se questionado as suas competências para a identificação de necessidades informacionais e para a busca e o uso de informação diante dos mais diversos ambientes informacionais digitais disponíveis na Web.Objetivos: Caracterizar o comportamento de busca de informação no cotidiano de um grupo de estudantes adolescentes de uma escola particular de Marília, São Paulo.Metodologia: Pesquisa qualitativa com 30 estudantes adolescentes de uma escola particular de Marília, São Paulo. A coleta de dados foi realizada, em um primeiro momento, por meio da aplicação de um questionário, baseado na pesquisa de Hughes-Hussell e Agosto (2007), contendo perguntas referentes à idade, sexo, tarefas e hobbies cotidianos, além de questões relacionadas à utilização do computador e da internet, o que possibilitou a determinação de características sociais, econômicas e culturais dos entrevistadosResultados: Enfocaram o uso das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC) para a busca, o acesso e o uso de informação. Foi proposta a criação da “Confraria da Informática’, um incentivo para que os alunos possam (re)aprender as ferramentas de comunicação digital e utilizar de forma adequada os recursos, os produtos e os serviços na Web para a busca e o uso efetivo da informação compatível com suas necessidades e que esteja atrelado ao uso consciente e ético dos ambientes tecnológicos.Conclusões: As reflexões decorrentes deste estudo prosseguirão por meio da continuidade da Confraria da Informática, que se tornou um “termômetro” sobre a utilização dos ambientes informacionais digitais e a postura dos alunos diante das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação no âmbito do Colégio Cristo Rei.

Lysa, A., Jensen, M. A., Larsen, E., Fredin, O. & Demidov, I. N.* 2010: Ice-distal landscape and sediment signatures evidencing damming and drainage of large pro-glacial lakes, northwest Russia. Boreas, Vol. 40, pp. 481–497. 10.1111/j.1502-3885.2010.00197.x. ISSN 0300-9483. Sediments from river sections and the morphology of the upper reaches of Severnaya Dvina and Vychegda in northwest Russia show evidence of the existence of large ice-dammed lakes in the area twice during the Weichselian. During the Late Weichselian, three separate ice-dammed lakes (LGM lake(s)) existed, the largest one at about 135 m a.s.l. having a volume of about 1510 km3. Stepwise and rapid lake drainage is suggested to have taken place within less than 1000 years. The locations of various passpoints controlled the drainage, and when the lake was at its maximum level water spilled southeastwards into the Volga basin. Later, but before the lake water finally drained into the White Sea, water was routed northeastwards into the southeastern part of the Barents Sea. The oldest lake, the White Sea lake, existed around 67–57 ka ago, slightly in conflict with earlier palaeogeographic reconstructions regarding the chronology. The extent of the lake was constrained by, in addition to the Barents Sea ice-sheet margin in the north, thresholds in the drainage basin. Later, one threshold was eroded and lowered during the LGM lake drainage. Given a lake level of about 115 m a.s.l., a lake area of about 2.5 × 104 km3 and a water volume of about 4800 km3, the lake drainage northwards and into the ocean probably impacted the ocean circulation.