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Objective: In this study, we aim to evaluate whether the presence of malnutrition in children and adolescents with infectious diseases is associated with high nutritional risk obtained by the STRONGkids instrument. Methods: A cross-sectional study comprising 237 hospitalized patients aged between 30 days and 18 years. Identification and diagnosis data, weight and height were collected. STRONGkids determined nutritional risk. Acute malnutrition was classified by BMI/age Z score < - 2 and chronic by Height/age Z score < - 2. Associations between categorical variables were verified using Pearson's chi-square test. A logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between anthropometric parameters of malnutrition and nutritional risk. It was considered significant p< 0,05. Results: In multiple analysis, it was observed that having malnutrition as of BMI/age increases the chance by 5.68 of having high nutritional risk by the STRONGKids instrument, regardless of age, sex and the presence of poverty-related infectious diseases (OR: 5.68; 95% CI: 1.54-20.93; p=0.009). Conclusion: In summary, for patients with infectious diseases, acute malnutrition (BMI/age) is associated directly with the diagnosis of high nutritional risk by STRONGkids. Objetivo: En este estudio, nuestro objetivo fue evaluar si la presencia de desnutrición en niños y adolescentes con enfermedades infecciosas se asocia con el alto riesgo nutricional obtenido por el instrumento STRONGkids. Métodos: Estudio transversal en el que participaron 237 pacientes hospitalizados con edades comprendidas entre los 30 días y los 18 años. Se recogieron datos de identificación, diagnóstico, peso y talla. STRONGkids determinó el riesgo nutricional. La desnutrición aguda se clasificó por puntuación Z de IMC/edad < - 2 y crónica por puntuación Z de Talla/edad < - 2. Las asociaciones entre las variables categóricas se verificaron mediante la prueba de chi-cuadrado de Pearson. Se realizó un análisis de regresión logística para evaluar la asociación entre los parámetros antropométricos de desnutrición y el riesgo nutricional. Se consideró significativo p

This study analyzed the profile of scientific production related to the nutritional aspects of the etiology and/or progress of Multiple Sclerosis (MS). We conducted an integrative review that analyzed 64 works published in English, Spanish or Portuguese between 2012 and 2017 on the relationship between nutrition and MS. There was a predominance of studies in humans (54.0%, n= 34) and randomized clinical trials (38.3%, n= 13). The association between vitamin D and etiology progression and/or development of disabilities resulting from MS was the most studied aspect (30.2%, n= 19), followed by studies that evaluated the importance of fat concentration and/or types for MS risk (22.2%, n= 14), and research that analyzed the role of antioxidant vitamins (19.0%; n= 12) in the disease development and/ or evolution. The study showed that most research involves small samples and that a healthy diet contributes to the prevention and mitigation of disease evolution. However, this affirmation cannot be made with regards to dietary supplements. Further research is necessary, from cross-sectional studies to randomized clinical trials considering the wide knowledge gap on this subject.

To characterize the nutritional status and the consumed Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) by individuals with Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD).Anthropometric, clinical data (Expanded Disability Status Scale, EDSS) anthropometric data (Body Mass Index - BMI; Waist Circumference - WC; Waist-to-hip ratio - WHR; and percentage of fat mass -%FM) and data on food consumption (24-hour recall) were collected to determine the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), according to Shivappa et al. For the statistical analysis, descriptive measures and statistical tests were used, with the significance level set at p0.05.There was a higher prevalence of females (86.8%). The abdominal fat accumulation in individuals was demonstrated in 57.9%, 73.0%, 70.3% and 30.0%, according to BMI, WC, WHR and%FM, respectively. There was no correlation between the EDSS score and the nutritional status, but there was a positive correlation between the administered corticosteroid dose and BMI (r = 0.55; p = 0.002), WC (r = 0.55; p = 0.003) and WHR (r = 0.41; p = 0.033). The mean DII was 4.99 (± 1.09), indicating the consumption of a pro-inflammatory diet. There was a difference in the DII according to gender (p001). In the case-control segment, there was a significant difference in the DII between the groups (β = 2.51; 95% CI: 1.73; 3.27) and a higher risk of developing the disease when the DII was ≥4.41 (OR = 30.25; 95% CI: 6.70; 136.47).Diets with high inflammatory potential are associated with increased risk of NMOSD.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is considered a public health problem and part of the growing burden of noncommunicable diseases. Many studies have searched for ways to reduce the risk of complications and death. One possible approach to modify the course of this disease is the adoption of healthy dietary habits. Previous studies have suggested that healthy dietary patterns, such as the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), the Mediterranean diet, the vegetarian diet, and a diet adhering to the Healthy Eating Index, are associated with improved renal health. In this chapter, we reviewed the scientific literature and presented the potential role of dietary patterns in the prevention of CKD, contributing to dietary strategies for promoting kidney health. We found that nutritional planning plays an important role in kidney health maintenance and in the protection of kidneys from further damage. The DASH, Mediterranean, and vegetarian dietary patterns can be viable strategies for CKD prevention. However, individualized nutritional monitoring is necessary for individuals with overt kidney disease. Randomized, controlled, and prospective studies focusing on nutritional interventions applied to renal patients undergoing conservative and dialytic treatment and to the general population are necessary to assess habits that can prevent the occurrence and worsening of kidney disease.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is considered a public health problem and part of the growing burden of noncommunicable diseases. Many studies have searched for ways to reduce the risk of complications and death. One possible approach to modify the course of this disease is the adoption of healthy dietary habits. Previous studies have suggested that healthy dietary patterns, such as the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), the Mediterranean diet, the vegetarian diet, and a diet adhering to the Healthy Eating Index, are associated with improved renal health. In this chapter, we reviewed the scientific literature and presented the potential role of dietary patterns in the prevention of CKD, contributing to dietary strategies for promoting kidney health. We found that nutritional planning plays an important role in kidney health maintenance and in the protection of kidneys from further damage. The DASH, Mediterranean, and vegetarian dietary patterns can be viable strategies for CKD prevention. However, individualized nutritional monitoring is necessary for individuals with overt kidney disease. Randomized, controlled, and prospective studies focusing on nutritional interventions applied to renal patients undergoing conservative and dialytic treatment and to the general population are necessary to assess habits that can prevent the occurrence and worsening of kidney disease.

This study aims at analyzing the association between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and the clinical condition of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. It is a quantitative, cross-sectional analytical study that included 137 MS patients assisted at a reference center for MS treatment in the Brazilian northeast. Data was collated through a structured questionnaire and medical records consultation, also involving demographic, clinical, and nutritional variables. Clinical variables included the MS type, diagnosis and follow-up start dates, investigation of recent urinary tract symptoms, use of immunomodulatory, vitamin D supplementation, number of recent pulse therapies, relapse rate in the last 2 years, muscular strength assessment (MRC), disability degree (EDSS), and a gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan in the central white matter (CWM). The DII was calculated according to the Shivappa et al. methodology. There was no difference in any of the variables according to the DII (p > 0.05). The Dietary Inflammatory Index did not affect the clinical condition of individuals with multiple sclerosis.

Objetivo: Investigar a relação entre concentração de zinco e risco cardiovascular em pacientes com insuficiência renal crônica em hemodiálise. Métodos: Estudo analítico, retrospectivo e transversal, realizado em Fortaleza, Ceará, em 2012, do qual participaram 43 adultos com insuficiência renal crônica em hemodiálise (grupo HD) e 35 saudáveis (CO - controle). Coletaram-se dados socioeconômicos e bioquímicos (colesterol total - CT, lipoproteína de baixa densidade - LDL, lipoproteína de muito baixa densidade - VLDL, lipoproteína de alta densidade - HDL e triglicerídeos - TG); determinou-se zinco plasmático por espectrometria de emissão óptica com plasma acoplado; coletou-se perfil lipídico do grupo HD do prontuário e do grupo CO por meio de kit Bioclin®. Obteve-se colesterol não-HDL pela fórmula: não-HDL = CT – HDL-c. Calculou-se risco cardiovascular pela razão TG/HDL, considerando risco quando >3,8. Análises por meio de testes t de Student, Pearson ou Spearman. Resultados: O zinco do grupo HD encontrou-se abaixo da referência e menor (p

The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rising, an increase that may be associated with changes in lifestyle such as unhealthy dietary patterns. Although advanced age is a risk factor for NAFLD, no studies reporting this association in the elderly population were found. In the present study, the association between dietary patterns and NAFLD in the elderly was assessed. A study including 229 older adults was conducted. NAFLD diagnosis was defined as individuals whose ultrasound examination disclosed hepatic steatosis at any stage, in the absence of excess intake of alcoholic beverages. Dietary patterns were obtained by principal components analysis. Mean scores and standard errors of each dietary pattern were calculated for the groups with and without NAFLD, and mean scores of the two groups were compared using the Mann–WhitneyUtest. The prevalence ratios and 95 % CI were estimated for each tertile of the dietary pattern adherence scores using Poisson multiple regression models with robust variance. A total of 103 (45 %) elderly with NAFLD and four dietary patterns were identified: traditional, regional snacks, energy dense and healthy. Mean scores for adherence to the healthy pattern in the groups with and without NAFLD differed. NAFLD was inversely associated with greater adherence to the healthy pattern and directly associated with the regional snacks, after adjustment for confounders. In conclusion, healthy dietary pattern is inversely associated with NAFLD in elderly.

Objective To assess the association between dietary glycemic index (GI) and excess weight in pregnant women in the first trimester of pregnancy. Methods A cross-sectional study in a sample of 217 pregnant women was conducted at the maternal-fetal outpatient clinic of the Hospital Geral de Fortaleza, Fortaleza, state of Ceará, Brazil, for routine ultrasound examinations in the period between 11 and 13 weeks + 6 days of gestation.Weight and height were measured and the gestational body mass index (BMI) was calculated. The women were questioned about their usual body weight prior to the gestation, considering the prepregnancy weight. The dietary GI and the glycemic load (GL) of their diets were calculated and split into tertiles. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) or Kruskal-Walls and chi-squared (χ2) statistical tests were employed. A crude logistic regression model and a model adjusted for confounding variables known to influence biological outcomes were constructed. A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant for all tests employed. Results The sample group presented a high percentage of prepregnancy and gestational overweight (39.7% and 40.1%, respectively). InthetertilewiththehigherGIvalue, therewasa lower dietary intake of total fibers (p = 0.005) and of soluble fibers (p = 0.008). In the third tertile, the dietary GI was associated with overweight in pregnant women in the first trimester of gestation, both in the crude model and in the model adjusted for age, total energy intake, and saturated fatty acids. However, this association was not observed in relation to the GL. Conclusion A high dietary GI was associated with excess weight in women in the first trimester of pregnancy. Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a associação entre índice glicêmico (IG) dietético e presença de excesso de peso em gestantes no primeiro trimestre de gestação. Métodos Estudo transversal realizado com 217 gestantes atendidas no Ambulatório de Medicina Materno-Fetal do Hospital Geral de Fortaleza, Fortaleza, CE, para realização de exames ultrassonográficos de rotina no período entre 11 e 13 semanas e 6 dias de gestação. Peso e altura foram obtidos para o cálculo do índice de massa corporal (IMC) gestacional. As mulheres foram questionadas quanto ao peso corporal habitual anterior à gestação, considerado o peso pré-gestacional. O IG e a carga glicêmica (CG) das suas dietas foram calculados e divididos em tercis. As associações foram investigadas por análise de variância (ANOVA, na sigla em inglês) ou pelos testes Kruskal-Walls e qui-quadrado (χ2). Resultados O grupo tinha alto percentual de excesso de peso pré-gestacional (39,7%) e gestacional (40,1%). Houve menor consumo de fibras totais (p = 0,005) e fibras insolúveis (p = 0,008) no tercil de maior valor de IG. No terceiro tercil, o IG da dieta foi associado ao excesso de peso dasmulheres no primeiro trimestre de gestação, tanto no modelo bruto como no modelo ajustado para idade, consumo total de energia e de ácidos graxos saturados. No entanto, não se observou esta associação emrelação à CG. Conclusão O alto IG da dieta consumida foi associado ao excesso de peso das mulheres no primeiro trimestre da gestação.

Summary Background & aims The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) consists of a tool that assesses dietary inflammatory potential based on the assignment of an inflammatory score to a variety of nutrients, seasonings and bioactive compounds. Pro-inflammatory diets are associated to weight and abdominal fat excess. High Body Mass Index (BMI) and Waist Circumference (WC) seem to contribute to a worse prognosis in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients. Therefore, this study seeks to investigate the relation between anthropometric indexes and body adiposity with the clinical condition and the Dietary Inflammatory Index of MS individuals. Methods This is a cross-sectional, analytical study that included 137 MS patients residing in the Brazilian northeast. Through a structured questionnaire and medical records consultation, we collected data on demographics, nutritional state, arterial pressure, clinical and dietary variables. Clinical variables included the MS type, number of pulse therapies and attack rate in the last two years, number of days of most recent pulse therapy and muscular strength assessment scores (MRC) and most recent disability level (EDSS). The nutritional state was evaluated based on BMI, WC, waist-hip ratio (WHR), Body Roundness Index (BRI), Body Shape z score Index (ABSIz) and body fat percentage (%BF). The DII was calculated according to a validated methodology. Results The ABSIz presented a positive correlation with regards to the EDSS score (r = 0.294. p = 0.001). WC and WHR presented a negative correlation in relation to the number of pulse therapy days (r = −0.255. p = 0.022 and r = −0.251. p = 0.024). BMI and %BF were not correlated to clinical variables (p > 0.05). The DII was positively correlated to the BMI in people with progressive MS (r = 0.556. p = 0.025). Conclusions The DII may interfere in the nutritional state of MS patients and the nutritional state may affect disability levels but it is necessary to establish which nutritional indicator can better predict the relation between DII and the clinical condition of MS patients.

The objective was to determine the glycemic index and glycemic load of tropical fruits and the potential risk for chronic diseases. Nine fruits were investigated: coconut water (for the purpose of this study, coconut water was classified as a “fruit”), guava, tamarind, passion fruit, custard apple, hog plum, cashew, sapodilla, and soursop. The GI and GL were determined according to the Food and Agriculture Organization protocol. The GL was calculated taking into consideration intake recommendation guidelines; 77.8% of the fruits had low GI although significant oscillations were observed in some graphs, which may indicate potential risks of disease. Coconut water and custard apple had a moderate GI, and all fruits had low GL. The fruits evaluated are healthy and can be consumed following the daily recommended amount. However, caution is recommended with fruits causing early glycemic peak and the fruits with moderated GI (coconut water and custard apple).

This study aims at analyzing the association between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and the clinical condition of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients.It is a quantitative, cross-sectional analytical study that included 137 MS patients assisted at a reference center for MS treatment in the Brazilian northeast. Data was collated through a structured questionnaire and medical records consultation, also involving demographic, clinical, and nutritional variables. Clinical variables included the MS type, diagnosis and follow-up start dates, investigation of recent urinary tract symptoms, use of immunomodulatory, vitamin D supplementation, number of recent pulse therapies, relapse rate in the last 2 years, muscular strength assessment (MRC), disability degree (EDSS), and a gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan in the central white matter (CWM). The DII was calculated according to the Shivappa et al. methodology.There was no difference in any of the variables according to the DII (p 0.05).The Dietary Inflammatory Index did not affect the clinical condition of individuals with multiple sclerosis.

Recent evidence suggests that replacing saturated fat with unsaturated fat is beneficial for cardiovascular health. This study compared the effects of Brazil nut oil (BNO) and soybean oil (SO) supplementation for 30 days on anthropometric, blood pressure, biochemical, and oxidative parameters in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS). Thirty-one patients with MS were randomly allocated to receive 30 sachets with 10 mL each of either BNO (n = 15) or SO (n = 16) for daily supplementation. Variables were measured at the beginning of the study and after 30 days of intervention. No change in anthropometric and blood pressure variables were observed (p &gt, 0.05). Total (p = 0.0253) and low-density lipoprotein (p = 0.0437) cholesterol increased in the SO group. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased (p = 0.0087) and triglycerides increased (p = 0.0045) in the BNO group. Malondialdehyde levels decreased in the BNO group (p = 0.0296) and total antioxidant capacity improved in the SO group (p = 0.0110). Although the addition of oils without lifestyle interventions did not affect anthropometric findings or blood pressure and promoted undesirable results in the lipid profile in both groups, daily supplementation of BNO for 30 days decreased lipid peroxidation, contributing to oxidative stress reduction.

The “bai?o de dois” is a typical Brazilian dish and a rich combination of rice and beans. This preparation has a high nutritional value but its effect on glycemic response is not yet studied. To determine the glycemic index and glycemic load of foods can help prescribing diets and as a result, improving the treatment and prevention of chronic diseases. This study aimed to access the glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) of “bai?o de dois”. Following the protocol recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization, 6 volunteers were recruited to perform blood glucose tests. Each volunteer performed three glucose tolerance tests and a test with “bai?o de dois”. All tests were undertaken in separate weeks. Through the calculation of the areas under each of the curves, it was possible to access the GI of “bai?o de dois” by the average values of six GIs found for each volunteer. It was calculated that the GL of each portion tested and recommended servings per capita. It was found that “bai?o de dois” had low GI (44) and GL (6) at the recommended per capita, but high GL (22) at the portion tested (bigger than the recommended). The “bai?o de dois” do not present a potential risk for developing chronic diseases, but it is recommended consumption to be monitored.

OBJETIVO: Investigar a associação entre índice glicêmico (IG) e/ou carga glicêmica (CG) da dieta e síndrome metabólica (SM). MÉTODOS: Trata-se de estudo documental e do tipo caso-controle, com uma amostra de 229 idosos. Calcularam-se o IG e a CG, classificando-os em adequado (baixo) e inadequado (moderado e alto). Calculou-se ainda a prevalência de consumo dos alimentos, consumidos por pelo menos metade dos avaliados. A análise estatística dos dados foi efetuada por meio do teste c² e teste t de Student. Adotou-se p < 0,05 como nível de significância. RESULTADOS: Dos indivíduos estudados (n = 229), 74,2% pertenciam ao sexo feminino. A média de idade do grupo foi de 70,1 (6,4) anos. A média diária de IG do grupo caso foi de 62,3 (6,5), e do grupo controle de 62,1 (6,1), com p = 0,864. As médias diárias de CG não foram estatisticamente diferentes (p = 0,212), sendo a do grupo caso de 99,8 (33,8) e do grupo controle de 108,9 (45,7). Os alimentos consumidos tanto pelos casos como pelos controles, com maior contribuição ao IG, foram: pão, arroz, banana e açúcar refinado. CONCLUSÃO: No grupo avaliado, não houve associação entre índice glicêmico e carga glicêmica dietéticos e síndrome metabólica. O padrão identificado, no entanto, coloca portadores e não portadores em situação de risco à saúde, merecendo ações educativas. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between glycemic index and/or glycemic load diet and metabolic syndrome. METHODS: It is a documental and case-control study, with a sample of 229 elderly. We calculated the GI and GL, classifying them into appropriate (low) and inappropriate (moderate and high). We also estimated the prevalence of consumption of food, showing those who are consumed by 50% or more of the population studied. Data analysis was carried out through c² test and Independent Student's' t Test. We adopted p

Objective: To assess food consumption by college students regarding the frequency and type of food eaten. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 203 students. The research instrument was a questionnaire with sociodemographic and academic life data, and the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). For the data analysis was used descriptive statistics, chi-square test of Pearson, Fisher exact, linear trend and prevalence ratio. Statistical significance of 5% was adopted. Results: Most participants were female, aged 20 to 24 years, enrolled between the 2nd and the 4th year of college, 52.2% of the students who did not eat fruit daily also did not eat vegetables daily (p = 0.01), there was positive association in the consumption of rice and beans with economic class, individuals in class C showed 1.7 times more likely to ingest this combination than class A (p = 0.00). Limitations occurred because this is a cross design study, not allowing to establish causal relationships; took place only at a single university in Fortaleza-CE; were not surveyed the intrinsic motivations of each individual to food consumption limited determining the dietary habits profile of college students. Conclusion: University students who do not consume fruits also tend to not eat vegetables. It is recommended to be implemented in universities nationwide intervention research aimed at bringing about changes in eating habits, seeking to improve the quality of life of undergraduate students from Brazil. DESCRIPTORS: Food consumption. Health promotion. Nursing in public health. Nursing students, nursing primary care.

Realizou-se a caracterização físico-química da amêndoa da castanha de caju (Anacardium occidentale L.) crua e tostada, identificando-se as alterações provocadas pelo processo de tostagem. As amêndoas da castanha de caju crua e tostada apresentaram pH próximos à neutralidade. A composição centesimal da amêndoa crua apresentou os seguintes teores: umidade - 5,05 %, cinzas - 2,40 %, proteínas - 22,11 %, lipídios - 46,28 %, açúcares totais - 7,93 % e amido - 16,07 %. Para a amêndoa tostada os resultados foram: umidade - 1,18 %, cinzas - 2,43 %, proteínas - 21,76 %, lipídios - 48,35 %, açúcares totais - 8,23 % e amido - 17,30 %. A comparação destes resultados foi significativamente diferente nos níveis de lipídios, açúcares totais e amido, possivelmente em conseqüência da perda de água durante o processo de tostagem, pois quando estes foram comparados na base seca, os resultados passaram a não ter diferenças estatísticas.The purpose of this work was to evaluate the quality of the raw and toasted cashew nuts, identifying the changes that took place during the toasting process. The raw and toasted cashew nut showed pH near neutrality. The chemical composition of the raw cashew nut showed the following values: moisture - 5,05 %; ash - 2,40 %; protein - 22,11 %; lipids - 46,28 %; total sugar - 7,93 % and starch - 16,07 %. The toasted nut results were: moisture - 1,18 %; ash - 2,43 %; protein - 21,76 %; lipids - 48,35 %; total sugar - 8,23 % and starch - 17,30 %. The comparison of these values were significantly different for the levels of lipids, total sugars and starch, possibly due to the loss of water, during the toasting process, since when they were compared on dry matter basis, the results did not present differences.