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ABSTRACT Studies involving endophytic fungi isolated from endemic plants and their antibacterial potential are largely unknown in the Pampa biome. In this study, we identified endophytic fungi isolated from Kelissa brasiliensis (Iridaceae), an endemic species of the Brazilian Pampa, and assessed their antibacterial activity. Endophytic fungi were first grouped based on macro-and micro-morphology, and one representative of each morphospecies was analyzed using sequences from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA region. We then tested the fungal extracts against laboratory isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli for antibacterial activity. A total of 30 endophytes were isolated from the tissues of K. brasiliensis, with the majority from the leaves. Endophytes were then grouped into seven morphospecies based on their morphological features and one representative from each was selected for phylogenetic analysis. The inference from the ITS rDNA sequences identified the endophytes of the seven selected morphospecies as belonging to six taxonomic groups: Colletotrichum (two), Diaporthe (one), Epicoccum (one), Fusarium (one), and Pestalotiopsis (one). The endophyte extracts revealed better results against E. coli than S. aureus, although the extracts from Colletotrichum and Pestalotiopsis sp. were statistically similar to the control antibiotic. Our study is a basis for endophytic fungi studies in Pampa.

Over time plants undergone abiotic changes often leading to genotypic and phenotypic level adjustments to ensure survival. Temperature is one of these factors that cause changes. Several organisms have been sequenced in recent years, creating ways to different direction biological and evolutionary issues. It has been allowed the use of these non-model biological systems for re-sequencing of close relatives, or the same species, as well as allowing the mapping and identification of gene families and genes of interest. For this work were focused on obtaining data from mosses available in the Sequence Reads Archive (SRA): Physcomitrium acutifolium (SRP093878); Funaria hygrometrica (ERP002608); Ceratodon purpureus (SRP004754); Pohlia nutans (SRP012293); Bryum argenteum (SRX845477). The data obtained were compared in bioinformatical environment in order to evaluate the GO terms in each plant transcriptome.The number of transcripts was expressed in a very divergent way among the organisms, with F. hygrometrica counting in value (over 100,000), while P. acutifolium in the same family had the lowest number of transcripts (∼ 27,000). Comparing the occurrences transcripts related to abiotic stress from the species used, were found GO terms for phosphorolization proteins coding genes expressed, such protein kinase-like activity, and transcriptions factor activities, as Lectin domain of the RLK group, as the most frequent ontology in all moss transcriptomes. Our findings allow us to direct the researches in order to understand how these regions act effectively in the molecular response to cold stress in plants, contributing to the understanding of this process during the evolution of green plants. Consequently, the findings may contribute to strategies for the assisted improvement of plants of agronomic and industrial importance.

The ability of bryophytes to tolerate salt is determined by a number of biochemical routes, whereas the salt ends up driving the activation of adaptive responses to tolerate this adverse condition. Salinity is the main limiting environmental factor under plant development, and is caused by excess salt ions in the environment, mainly Na + and Cl-. The optimal growth of plants in saline environment is obtained in concentrations of 50% of NaCl. Due to these findings, the importance of the study of the effect of salinity on the germination of plants, in this case in Funaria hygrometrica Hedw., is noticed.