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RESUMO: Realizou-se estudo epidemiológico descritivo da raiva dos herbívoros no estado do Paraná entre os anos de 1977 e 2012. Os casos confirmados de raiva e o total de amostras de encéfalo encaminhadas para o diagnóstico foram distribuídos por espécie, por ano, por meses, por mesorregião geográfica e por municípios, aplicando-se o teste de Qui-quadrado para verificar se havia associação com esses fatores. Modelo probabilístico foi ajustado à série histórica para verificação de padrões cíclico ou sazonal. Comprovou-se que a raiva é uma doença endêmica no PR, com ocorrência variável entre os anos, sem padrão sazonal e com ciclicidade aparente a cada 18 anos, acometendo, sobretudo, bovinos (86,9%) e equídeos (11,3%). Verificou-se grande difusão no estado (47,6% dos municípios), e a maior expansão geográfica aconteceu na última década. As áreas de ocorrência maior foram as mesorregiões Centro Oriental e de Curitiba, seguidas por Norte Pioneiro e Oeste. O número de casos de raiva por município se correlacionou, ainda que fracamente, com o número de abrigos de Desmodus rotundus (r=0,469; p

Bovine tuberculosis results in economic losses in livestock production and poses a risk to public health. This study aimed to characterize the epidemiological status of bovine tuberculosis in adult cows in the state of Goias, Brazil. The state was divided into three sampling strata, corresponding to different livestock production circuits. A total of 18,659 animals were tested with the comparative cervical tuberculin test (CCT), in 300 randomly sampled bovine herds per stratum. An epidemiological questionnaire was used to identify health and management practices that may be associated with the presence of tuberculosis infection in the herd. In Stratum 1, dominated by beef cattle, no animals reacted to the CCT. In Stratum 2, which covers the main dairy regions of the state, the prevalence was estimated at 8.67% [5.73 to 12.74%] for herds and at 0.9% [0.21 to 1.58%] for animals. In Stratum 3, characterized by a mix of dairy, beef and dual-purpose herds, the prevalence was estimated at 1.00% [0.21 to 2.89] for herds and 0.30% [0.10 to 0.49 %] for animals. The overall prevalence in the state of Goias was 3.43% [2.20 to 4.67%] for herds and 0.30% [0.10 to 0.49%] for animals. The multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that herd-level risk factors associated with the presence of the bovine tuberculosis are: the location of the herd in Stratum 2 (OR = 12.05 [3.52 to 41.28]) and the number of times a cow is milked per day (OR = 6.27 [2.72 to 14.44]). Regular veterinary care was identified as a protective factor (OR = 0.38 [0.15-0.94]). These results indicate that bovine tuberculosis is endemic in the state; its spatial distribution is heterogeneous with a strong concentration in dairy regions. The most intensive dairy farms are those with the highest risk, which is consistent with what other authors’ found elsewhere in Brazil. The epidemiological information generated by this study provides information for planning of risk-based surveillance actions, and justifies the adoption of free-herd certification programs for bovine tuberculosis in the main dairy regions of Goias.

A tuberculose bovina é uma zoonose de ampla distribuição geográfica no mundo. O controle da doença requer identificação de animais infectados por meio de testes de tuberculinização seguida da eliminação destes animais e por este motivo, tornam seu uso rotineiro complexo. Considerando a importância do tema na saúde pública e na produção pecuária, foram pesquisadas, por meio de um estudo epidemiológico seccional, as prevalências em rebanhos de bovinos e em animais adultos em fase de reprodução, assim como os fatores de risco associados à presença da tuberculose nos rebanhos do Estado do Paraná. O Estado foi estratificado em sete regiões e a seleção da amostra foi feita em duas etapas, nas quais foram selecionadas 1.419 propriedades com criação de bovinos e testados 16.045 animais. A prova utilizada foi a tuberculinização intradérmica cervical comparada. A prevalência em propriedades e em animais no Estado do Paraná foi estimada em 2,15% [IC 95%: 1,31–3,00] e 0,42% [IC 95%: 0,04–0,81] respectivamente. As prevalências estimadas em propriedades e em animais, por estrato amostral foram respectivamente: no estrato 1 (Noroeste) 3,69% [IC 95%: 1,60–7,13] e 1,08% [IC 95%: 0,00 – 2,59]; no estrato 2 (Centro-Oeste-Norte) 3,48% [IC 95%: 1,41-7,04] e 0,43% [IC 95%: 0,00 – 0,87]; no estrato 3 (Norte Pioneiro) 1,96% [IC 95%: 0,54-4,94] e 0,17% [IC 95%: 0,00-0,40]; no estrato 4 (Centro-Sul) 3,89% [IC 95%: 1,58-7,85] e 0,29% [IC 95%: 0,01-0,57]; no estrato 5 (Oeste) 0,00 [IC 95%: 0,00 – 1,83] e 0,00 [IC 95%: 0,00 – 0,00]; no estrato 6 (Leste-Sul)1,03% [IC 95%: 0,12-3,67] e 0,20% [IC 95%: 0,00-0,54]; no estrato 7 (Sudoeste) 2,24% [IC 95%: 0,73-5,15] e 0,22% [IC 95%: 0,01-0,43]. O modelo de regressão logística identificou como fatores de risco associados à presença de tuberculose bovina, rebanho adulto com mais de 22 bovinos e a existência de ordenha mecanizada na propriedade. Os resultados demonstram que a tuberculose bovina tem prevalência baixa na maioria das regiões do Estado do Paraná e sugerem que o risco da presença da doença aumenta em rebanhos leiteiros maiores e com ordenha mecânica. Bovine tuberculosis is a zoonosis of widely distributed in the world. Its control is based on the identification of infected animals using skin tests followed by culling of test-positive animals. The public health and livestock production importance of bovine terculosis justified the undertaking of a cross-sectional sample survey with a view to estimate the prevalence of infected herds and breeding animals. In addition, the risk factors associated with the presence of bovine tuberculosis was investigated in Paraná State, Brazil. The state was stratified into seven regions. The two-stage sampling included 1,419 herds and 16,045 breeding animals,which were diagnosed with the comparative cervical tuberculin test. The prevalence in herds and in breeding animals of Paraná, was estimated at 2.15% [95% CI: 1.31 to 3.00] and 0.42% [95% CI: 0.04 to 0.81] respectively. The prevalence in farms and animals, by sampling stratum were respectively: in stratum 1 (Northwest) 3.69% [95% CI: 1.60 to 7.13] and 1.08% [95% CI: 0, 00 to 2.59]; in stratum 2 (Midwest-North) 3.48% [95% CI: 1.41 to 7.04] and 0.43% [95% CI: 0.00 - 0, 87]; in stratum 3 (pioneer North) 1.96% [95% CI: 0.54 to 4.94] and 0.17% [95% CI: 0.00 to 0.40]; in stratum 4 (Mid-South) 3.89% [95% CI: 1.58 to 7.85] and 0.29% [95% CI: 0.01 to 0.57]; in stratum 5 (West) 0.00 [95% CI: 0.00 to 1.83] and 0.00 [95% CI: 0.00 - 0.00]; in stratum 6 (South-East) 1.03% [95% CI: 0.12 -3.67] and 0.20% [95% CI: 0.00 to 0.54]; the stratum 7 (Southwest) 2.24% [95% CI: 0.73 to 5.15] and 0, 22% [95% CI: 0.01 to 0.43]. The multiple logistic regression model identified that the risk of a herd being positive to bovine tuberculosis increases with the number of breeding animals, as a measure of herd size. The existence of mechanized milking systems is also associated with the risk of bovine tubercuosis. The results demonstrate that the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis is low in most regions of Paraná and suggest that the disease risk is greater for larger dairy herds with mechanized milking systems .

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies and the risk factors for Leptospira spp. infection in breeding cattle herds in the south central region of Paraná state. It was based on the statistic delineation/serological samples and information regarding the selected farms employed in the study of bovine brucellosis for Paraná state in the context of National Program for Control and Eradication of Brucellosis and Tuberculosis. A total of 1.880 females aged >24 months from 274 non vaccinated herds were studied. Serum samples were tested for antibodies against Leptospira spp. using microscopic agglutination test (MAT) with 22 Leptospira serovars. The epidemiological questionnaire was applied on all the selected farms and aimed to obtain epidemiological data. Hundred eighty one of 274 herds were positive for Leptospira spp./presenting prevalence of positive herds of 66.06% (IC95%=60.12-71,65%). Presence of >43 cattle (OR=3.120; IC=1.418-6.867)/animal purchase (OR=2.010; IC=1.154-3.500)/rent of pastures (OR=2.925; IC=1.060-8.068) and presence of maternity paddock (OR=1.981; IC=1,068-3,676) were identified as risk factors for leptospirosis due to any serovar in the multivariate logistic regression. Risk factors for leptospirosis due to serovar Hardjo were presence of >43 cattle (OR=3.622; IC=1.512-8,677)/animal purchase (OR=3.143; IC=1.557-6.342)/rent of pastures (OR=4.070; IC=1.370-12.087) and presence of horses (OR=2.981; IC=1.321-6.726). These results indicate that Leptospira spp. infection is widespread in the south central region of Paraná state and that factors related to the herd characteristic and management are associated with the infection.

Com o objetivo de padronizar e avaliar a campo um teste sorológico para diagnóstico de cisticercose em bovinos foram examinados 812 animais procedentes de 139 municípios do Estado do Paraná, a maioria bovinos azebuados, machos e fêmeas, de grupo etário variando de 18 meses a 60 meses. Os animais foram devidamente identificados e abatidos em frigorífico comercial na região metropolitana de Curitiba. Dos animais que apresentaram cistos durante a Inspeção post-mortem foi colhida amostra de sangue, as quais foram submetidas ao teste ELISA para pesquisa de anticorpos contra-Cysticercus bovis. O coeficiente de sensibilidade para o teste ELISA foi de 83,6% e o Coeficiente de Especificidade foi de 92,8%. Portanto, o teste sorológico (ELISA) foi mais sensível do que o exame póst-mortem, pois este deixou de detectar 06 carcaças com infecção leve por cisticercose (VPP 99,7% - ELISA).

Caracterizou-se a brucelose bovina em Mato Grosso por meio de um estudo transversal realizado em 2003 para auxiliar na implementação do Programa Nacional de Controle e Erradicação da Brucelose e Tuberculose. No Estado, estratificado em quatro circuitos pecuários, foram amostrados 13.684 animais, provenientes de 1.152 rebanhos. O protocolo de testes utilizado foi o da triagem com o teste do antígeno acidificado tamponado e os soros reagentes foram testados pelo 2-mercaptoetanol (ME) e concomitantemente retestados pelo teste de Rosa Bengala para resultado conclusivo. As prevalências de focos e de animais infectados foram: 41,2% [38,0-44,4%] e 10,2% [7,4-13,1%], respectivamente. Nos circuitos produtivos, as prevalências de focos foram 36,9% [29,2-45,2%], 27,2% [22,8-32,1%], 40,4% [38,8-46,2%] e 50,3% [44,5-56,1%]; e as prevalências de animais 7,9% [3,0-12,9%], 4,1% [2,8-5,4%], 8,1% [5,2-11,1%] e 15,3% [9,2-21,3%], respectivamente, para os circuitos 1, 2, 3 e 4. Os fatores de risco (odds ratio, OR) associados à condição de foco no Estado foram: exploração de gado de corte (OR= 1,8 [1,2-2,5]), exploração mista (OR=1,8 [1,2-2,7]), número de fêmeas no rebanho de 11 a 50 (OR=4,8 [1,1-20,8]), número de fêmeas no rebanho acima de 51 (OR=6,8 [1,6-29,0]), ocorrência de aborto (OR=1,7 [1,3-2,2]). A brucelose está homogeneamente distribuída no Estado, o que permite uniformidade de medidas sanitárias. Adicionalmente, sugere-se a intensificação da vacinação de fêmeas para todo o Estado. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT A study to characterize bovine brucellosis in the State of Mato Grosso was carried out in 2003 in order to support the implementation of the National Program for the Control and Eradication of Bovine Brucellosis. The State was divided into four productive regions, and 13,684 bovines from 1,152 herds were sampled. The serum samples were screened for antibodies to Brucella spp. by the Rose-Bengal test (RBT) and all RBT-positive sera were re-tested by the 2-mercaptoethanol test (2-ME), and again by RBT for confirmation. The prevalence of infected herds and animals in the State of Mato Grosso were 41.2% [38.0-44.4%] and 10.2% [7.4-13.1%], respectively. In the productive regions, the prevalence of infected herds were 36.9% [29.2-45.2%], 27.2% [22.8-32.1%], 40.4% [38.8-46.2%], and 50.3% [44.5-56.1%], respectively; and the prevalence of infected animals were 7.9% [3.0-12.9%], 4.1% [2.8-5.4%], 8.1% [5.2-11.1%], and 15.3% [9.2-21.3%], respectively, for regions 1, 2, 3, and 4. The risk factors (odds ratio, OR) associated with the presence of the infection in the State were: beef cattle farming (OR=1.8 [1.2-2.5]), mixed (beef and dairy) cattle farming (OR=1.8 [1.2-2.7]), farms with 11 to 50 females (OR=4.8 [1.1-20.8]), farms with more than 51 females (OR=6.8 [1.6-29.0]), and occurrence of abortion (OR=1.7 [1.3-2.2]). Given that brucellosis is homogeneously distributed in the State, uniform sanitary measures might be adopted. As a homogeneous additional measure for the State, the intensification of female vaccination is suggested.

The purpose of this work was to determine the most common anatomic location of bovine cysticercosis, as well as its number per animal. To accomplish these objectives a number of 26,633 bovines from the slaughterhouse Argus Ltd., SIF 1710, located at São José dos Pinhais in the State of Paraná, Brazil, were examined from July to December 2000. The results demonstrated that the head's muscles were infected with a rate of 57.77%, and the cardiac muscles 39.65%, totalizing 97.42% of the infected sites. According to the classification concerning viability, the occurrence of metacestode was 66.97% nonviable (dead) and 33.02% viable (alive). From the Cysticercus alive, 81% of them were located in the head's muscles and 17% in the heart; whereas from those dead, 52.11% were located in the heart's muscles and 47.88% in the hea's one. Of the total of carcasses positives for Cysticercus bovis, 94% of them were infected by only one cyst and 6% by multiple cysts. All the viable cysts were submitted to the morphologic identification being verified that 100% of the parasites were C. bovis.

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of antibodies against Leptospira spp and their geographic distribution and to identify the risk factors associated with this disease in cattle herds with reproductive activity in the state of Paraná. A total of 14 163 females aged ≥24 months originating from 1 926 herds that were not vaccinated against Leptospira spp were evaluated. To detect the Leptospira spp antibodies, all serum samples were submitted for a microscopic serum-agglutination test (MAT). An epidemiological questionnaire was performed at each farm visited to characterize the management practices and study the risk factors associated with the presence or absence of Leptospira spp. To perform geoprocessing, the geographical coordinates of each farm were recorded with a Global Positioning System (GPS), which were then used to create a map. The apparent prevalence of bovine leptospirosis in the herds was the parameter used to generate the final risk map. The apparent prevalences of seropositivity in the herds and animals in Paraná state were 54.28%(95%CI:52.05- 56.51) and 37.70%(95%CI:34.54-40.86), respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the risk factors associated with leptospirosis due to any serovar were the rental of grazing areas [OR=1.91(1.36-2.68)], presence of horses [OR=1.59(1.28-1.97)], presence of > 20 females ≥ 24 months of age [OR=2.25(1.46-3.49)], presence of > 49 bovines [OR=2.78(1.82-4.26)], purchase of animals for reproduction [OR=1.96(1.59-2.41)] and presence of calving pens [OR=1.32(1.04-1.68)]. Risk factors for leptospirosis due specifically to serovar Hardjo were the presence of > 49 bovines [OR=3.05(1.94-4.80)], presence of > 20 females ≥ 24 months [OR=2.38(1.50-3.79)], presence of horses [OR=1.87(1.45-2.43)], purchase of animals for reproduction [OR=2.14(1.68-2.72)] and rental of grazing areas [OR=2.22(1.54-3.21)]. Geographically, seropositivity to Leptospira spp by MAT identified the regions North/Northwest and Southwest in the state as the areas with a higher risk of disease occurrence. Made available in DSpace on 2021-11-10T18:02:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 cpafro-17554.pdf: 831589 bytes, checksum: f6f53d37da0f399a01951dcb73141eae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015