Search

Developing a continuous isolation process to produce a pure, dry, free-flowing active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is the final barrier to the implementation of continuous end-to-end pharmaceutical manufacturing. Recent work has led to the development of continuous filtration and washing prototypes for pharmaceutical process development and small-scale manufacture. Here, we address the challenge of static drying of a solvent-wet crystalline API in a fixed bed to facilitate the design of a continuous filter dryer for pharmaceutical development, without excessive particle breakage or the formation of interparticle bridges leading to lump formation. We demonstrate the feasibility of drying small batches on a time scale suitable for continuous manufacturing, complemented by the development of a drying model that provides a design tool for process development. We also evaluate the impact of alternative washing and drying approaches on particle agglomeration. We conclude that our approach yields effective technology, with a performance that is amenable to predictive modeling.

Objective: We conducted this study to assess the effects of vitamin D in prevention from Early Childhood Caries (ECC). Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of study: The study was conducted at Jinnah Hospital, Lahore from August, 2018 to July, 2019. Material and Methods: Eighty children, between 2-8 years of age, were recruited after fulfilling a questionnaire from their parents or caregiver. The sample population was divided into two groups. Group 1 consisted of children suffering from dental caries and was comprised of 60 patients. Group 2 consisted of children with sound healthy teeth and was comprised of 20 children. Questions assessing children’s socioeconomic background, dietary habits particularly frequency of sweet and milk intake, outdoor activity and dental hygiene related behavior were included. The diagnosis of childhood caries was based on oral health diagnostic criteria defined by World Health Organization (WHO). Overall total caries score (decayed missing filled teeth index) was obtained. Levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH) D) was measured from serum samples of the children participating in this study using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Correlation analysis was done with Pearson correlation and t-test was applied. Results: Results have established association of Vitamin D levels in children with early childhood caries. Pearson correlation and t-test have revealed that total decayed, missing, filled primary teeth (DMFT) caries score was also associated with 25(OH) D concentrations less than 30ng/ml, decreased oral hygiene, lower monthly income, increased sugar consumption, decreased milk intake and decrease outdoor activities. This cross-sectional study showed that carries and lower serum vitamin D are closely related with each other. Conclusion: Data from this cross-sectional study showed that dental caries and lower serum vitamin D were closely related. Improving children’s vitamin D status may be an additional preventive consideration to lower the risk for caries. Keywords: Early childhood caries (ECC), vitamin D, 25OHD (25 Hydroxy vitamin D), DMFT (Decayed Missed Filled Teeth).

Objective: To compare the efficacy of streptokinase in MI with diabetic and non-diabetic patients with ST-segment elevation. Study design: A randomized clinical trial. Duration: For one Year Duration, from August 2018 to July 2019. Materials and methods: The myocardial infarction Patients with ST segment elevation were taken from the Department of Cardiology of Services Hospital Lahore. Results: The initial characteristics of patients with non-diabetic and diabetic myocardial infarction, ie, the mean age of the patients in both groups were similar and 49.43 ± 4.27 in diabetics, and 46.74 ± 3.12 in the group. 82.5% of non-diabetic patients were male and 74.5% were diabetic. A comparison of streptokinase activity was recorded in the diabetic and non-diabetic patients in ST segment elevation, 85% in patients who were non-diabetic and only 30% in patients who were diabetic. P value was calculated as 0.00. Conclusion: In the light of current results, it can be concluded that thrombolytic therapy is more effective in diabetic patients than in patients with STEMI diabetes; However, more attention should be paid to diabetic individuals before thrombolytic therapy is administered.

The world today is characterized by stiff competition and people develop an urge for being in the top notch of the society. Universally across all age groups - the bosses, teachers and parents are pushing their staff or children to reach the pinnacle point. At these junctures, the caliber of the outcome suffers a quantum decrease because quantity and quick work overpowers quality. The importance of “breather time” also referred as the time period where one lets go of focus on the present task and focuses on subliminal activity is called as Incubation. This can immensely contribute to the quality, quantity as well as efficiency in time.To draw an analogy between the Mad rush and Creative production, it is important to note the ideals of the Psychologist Wallas, 1926 who proposed the term “Incubation”. This downtime has a positive effect on creativity and problem solving (Dodds et al., 2003; Sio and Ormerod, 2009). Meta-cognition is another key cognitive function which enhances planning and learning outcomes, and proves to be a guide for self-monitoring. This research aims to find out the importance of incubation in creativity, problem solving and meta-cognition. The research design was constructed with experimental tests including pre and post-test. The groups were randomly synthesized. The results of the research should prove on how an experiment with a brief time with no activity would fetch good results as compared to continuous work with no assimilation time. This is congruence with a classic proverb “All work with no play makes jack a dull boy”.